(1) Preface: Explain the purpose of the study and why this study is needed.
(2) Materials and methods: How to do this research in detail?
(3) Results and Analysis: What evidence was obtained through the research? What does this evidence show?
(4) Discussion: What conclusions have been drawn through the research? What is the value of the conclusion?
In order to facilitate readers to search and read, scientific research papers also need to have appropriate topics, authors, units, abstracts, keywords, references and so on. Here is a brief introduction to the writing methods and functions of each part.
Second, the topic
1. The title of the paper should reflect the most important specific content of the paper in the most appropriate and concise words. Chinese titles generally do not exceed 20 Chinese characters. Try not to have subtitles. The text used in the title should help to select keywords and compile titles and indexes, and do not use abbreviations, characters, codes, etc. Unknown and unrecognized. Generally speaking, the topic is extracted after the completion of the paper and on the basis of reviewing the full text.
The topic should not be too broad and complicated.
2. Generally, words that fully reflect the main content of the paper are used, and complete sentences with subject-predicate-object structure are not used, and punctuation marks are not used.
Three. abstract
1, the abstract is an abbreviated version of the full text of the scientific research paper, so it should also include four elements in the paper, namely, the purpose, method, result and conclusion of the research. It should be independent and self-sufficient, a complete essay, which can be used and quoted independently, so that readers can get the necessary information without reading the full text. It is extracted on the basis of the completion of the main body of the article.
2. Chinese abstracts are generally 250~400 words, and the main contents of Chinese and English abstracts should be consistent. Generally, the third person writing method is adopted, without charts, references, comments and explanations; We should focus on the new content and the place that the author particularly emphasizes, and we don't need to list the content that has become common sense in this topic. When English abbreviations are used in Chinese, the Chinese full names should be famous when they are used for the first time. When abbreviations in English abstracts are used for the first time, their full English names should be indicated.
3. Writing of each element in the abstract:
(1) Purpose: Briefly explain the purpose of the study and show the scope and importance of the study;
(2) Methods: Briefly explain the basic design, the materials and methods used, how to compare them in groups, the research scope and accuracy, and how to carry out statistical processing;
(3) Results: Briefly list the main results and data, especially the new findings. The narrative should be specific and accurate. The specific test values are given.
(4) Conclusion: Briefly explain the experience, the correct viewpoint obtained from the demonstration and its theoretical value or application value.
Beginners suggest that the purpose, methods, results and conclusions should be outlined first, and then the language should be reorganized and expressed in the form of paragraphs after the ideas and contents are clear.
Fourth, key words
Generally, a paper should have 3~5 keywords, which should reflect the main content of the full text. Chinese and English keywords should be consistent, and there can be no abbreviations.
Preface of verb (abbreviation of verb)
1. The main content of the preface is to tell readers why they chose this research topic and explain the significance of the research. There are many reasons for the purpose of multiple-choice questions, including the value of the research object, what problems the research object has not solved, or what problems are worth solving, what research others have done on this issue, what problems need to be further solved, or what problems can be solved by research problems, including methods, applications or theories.
2. Therefore, the summary should include the following contents: research background, purpose, research ideas, theoretical basis, etc. Some studies should also indicate the start date of the study.
3. When writing the main points of the preface, we should pay attention to the logic of the question, put forward the reasons to be stated one by one, deepen gradually, and fully show the readers the necessity of choosing the topic.
4. The expression should come straight to the point, be concise and clear, and not involve the data or conclusions in this study. Without retrieval, it is impossible to write the words "unreported in China" in the preface, and it is impossible to evaluate yourself as "reaching the level of XX" or "filling the blank of XX". A short paper can be prefaced with only a short paragraph.
Materials and methods of intransitive verbs
1, the materials and methods section should introduce to readers how you studied the topic, including how to deal with the materials, which experimental methods were used and how to analyze the data obtained. This part will introduce the selection, basic situation and source of the research materials (including the control group) in detail.
2. Introduce the methods and observation indicators used in the study one by one. For the creative method, the details of the "method" should be described in detail to prevent others from repeating it. The improved method should describe the improvement situation in detail, and give the source of the original method by citing literature. To use other people's methods completely, we should give the source of the methods by quoting literature, and explain the basis and selection of statistical methods. Don't describe how usage works. The writing points of materials and methods are: detailed and clear expression and reliable method.
Seven. Results and analysis
1. The results and analysis part presents the experimental data obtained through the research, analyzes and explains these data, and draws a conclusion by inferring the data. Results and analysis are the core part of the paper, which is the concrete embodiment of whether a paper is innovative and valuable.
2. In this part, all kinds of materials and data obtained in the research process are statistically processed, and then expressed in words and charts, and then analyzed and summarized, and the corresponding conclusions are deduced. The narrative of the results should be objective, true, accurate, concise, focused and distinct, and should not be confused with the discussion content.
3. When writing, don't tell the whole story about the raw data without statistical processing. Pay attention to certain logic when expressing, and don't pile up all kinds of data in a mess.
Eight. discuss
1. The discussion part contains several elements: what conclusions have been drawn, what problems have been solved, or what innovative discoveries have been made. We should pay attention to the new findings in the research and the conclusions drawn from them, including the significance and limitations of the findings, as well as the enlightenment for further research.
2, if you can't draw a conclusion, you can also have the necessary discussion, put forward suggestions, ideas, suggestions for improvement or problems that need to be solved. The research results should be related to other related studies, and the conclusions of this study should be related to the purpose. When writing, be careful not to restate the data or materials that have been detailed in the previous remarks and results, not to list too many documents, to avoid making immature subjective inferences, and it is best to leave room. Don't include it in the chart.
Nine. refer to
1. Marking references can reflect the scientific basis of the paper, the attitude of respecting other people's research results, and provide relevant information for readers. References must be original documents read by the author himself, mainly published in official publications. When cited in this paper, the documents are coded continuously with Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear; When quoting in the drawing, they should be numbered in the order in which they appear in the full text, and the problems should be indicated in the drawing name or comments; When it is quoted in the table, it should be marked in turn in the table.
2. The references after the article are arranged in the order cited in the article. The foreigner's surname comes first, and his initials come last. Chinese titles are written in full names, and foreign titles are abbreviated as the titles listed in Index Medicus published by the National Library of Medicine.