1. The development of mental health education in Shanghai schools is a process from point to surface, from shallow to deep, refining practical experience into theory and then guiding practice. As early as 1985, some middle schools in Shanghai tried to carry out psychological counseling. By the mid-1990s, mental health education had developed into a regional promotion project in Zhabei, Hongkou and Yangpu. At present, one third of primary and secondary schools in Shanghai have started to set up psychological consultation rooms to carry out mental health education activities, and the personnel, venues and activity time have been basically implemented. In this development process, it is also an important feature to grasp typical examples, sum up experience and popularize common practices.
2. Mental health education in Shanghai schools pays attention to the development with the help of associations and social forces. Shanghai Primary and Secondary School Psychological Counseling Association and Shanghai University Psychological Counseling Association have successively established 40 experimental schools in the whole city, and with the help of domestic and foreign academic forces, they have done a lot of work in the research, promotion, training, compilation of teaching materials and activity manuals of mental health education in Shanghai schools, which has greatly promoted the development of mental health education in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai. Leaders at all levels in Shanghai's education system have also given great support to the work of these two associations. The Moral Education Department of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission firmly grasped the most critical teacher training work of mental health education, and relied on two associations to invite domestic and foreign experts to hold a series of training courses, reports, seminars and special lectures for many times, so that the basic theories and skills of mental health education were popularized in Shanghai education system in a short time. In addition, Shanghai Women's Federation, mass organizations, health and medical circles, press and publication circles and other departments have paid more and more attention to social and school mental health education, actively cooperated with the education system, and adopted various forms to support and carry out mental health education activities for young students.
3. Leaders at all levels in Shanghai education system attach importance to mental health education and learn and master it as a new subject. Many leaders read professional books and attend special training courses to master the relevant theories and skills of school mental health education as soon as possible. In addition, they have carefully studied the relevant documents of the Central Committee, the State Council and the Ministry of Education and the spirit of the meeting, and they can understand the significance of school mental health education from the perspectives of improving the national quality, promoting the overall situation of education reform and development, and strengthening and improving the ideological and political work and moral education work in schools, thus strengthening the leadership and management of this work. One third of the district and county education bureaus in Shanghai have issued documents and made arrangements for mental health education. Huangpu District Education Bureau recently allocated 500,000 yuan to equip the mental health education center in the district.
Plan the next step
1. Strengthen leadership and strive to turn the development plan of mental health education in Shanghai into an action plan.
According to the opinions of the leaders of the Ministry, we will organize leaders at all levels of the education system in Shanghai to study hard, further understand the significance of mental health education, and help and urge the district and county education bureaus to hold special work meetings on mental health education, formulate their own development plans, and implement the overall plan of Shanghai.
According to the Three-year Plan for School Mental Health Education in Shanghai, 20% of the schools in the education bureaus of all districts and counties in Shanghai should have 20% in 199, 35% in 2000 and 60% in 200 1 year to meet the specific requirements of mental health education. The content of school mental health education has been included in the educational supervision and evaluation index of the general education system.
The Shanghai Municipal Education Commission clearly put forward three ways to carry out mental health education in schools.
The first way is that mental health education should permeate the whole school education process, which is the main way to carry out school mental health education. Mental health education should be closely combined with school moral education and student management.
The second way is to set up mental health education activity classes. According to the existing experience in Shanghai and China, and referring to the contents of mental health education in many countries, we have formulated the mental health education outline for general education. The "Outline" requires schools to make full use of moral education classes and activity time, and take elective courses or lectures to ensure educational requirements. The third way is to set up a psychological counseling center or counseling room to carry out psychological counseling and counseling activities.
2. Do a good job in the construction of teaching staff.
At present, among the full-time and part-time teachers engaged in school mental health education in Shanghai, only 1 1.3% have graduated from the psychology department and the education department of normal universities, and 72% have only received short-term training at the municipal or district level. These teachers are roughly distributed in about 50% schools. Some schools, especially those in suburban counties, are almost blank. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out mental health education and train teachers in Shanghai.
The Shanghai Municipal Education Commission began to implement on-the-job training for full-time teachers of school psychological counseling from the school year of 1999, and the training time was one year. After the training, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission will issue the Qualification Certificate and establish a series of evaluation and employment of psychological counseling teachers. In order to improve the professional quality of full-time psychological counseling teachers, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission has also opened up channels to strengthen academic exchanges at home and abroad.
Grasping teacher training also includes doing a good job at another level, that is, grasping the general training of all teachers, helping teachers understand the significance, theory and methods of mental health education, paying attention to consciously embodying and infiltrating mental health education in their respective work, and paying attention to maintaining their own mental health. The Shanghai Municipal Education Commission has made arrangements to incorporate the relevant contents of mental health education into all teachers' professional training hours.
In addition, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission has also organized a group of school mental health education lecturers to concentrate experts. In addition to providing students with direct counseling, teachers and parents can also be given some special lectures and training.
3. Write a self-help manual for mental health in primary and secondary schools.
Offering mental health education activity classes is an important channel to implement mental health education. However, this course is not a traditional knowledge course, its main purpose is not to let students remember the knowledge and truth of mental health, but to let students understand some truth by themselves in the process of activities, solve some specific psychological problems, improve their psychological quality and form good psychological quality. It should be noted that this requires a lot of lecturers. Therefore, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission decided to set up a team to compile three "manuals" for primary school students, junior high school students and senior high school students in Shanghai on the basis of drawing lessons from similar books at home and abroad, and at the same time, to compile teaching materials and reference books for teachers, and to elaborate demonstration videos of various teaching contents, which were used in the autumn of 2000 to ensure the quality of comprehensive mental health education activities in the city.
4. Strengthen the examination and evaluation of mental health education.
The Shanghai Municipal Education Commission issued a document to determine the contents of mental health education evaluation mainly in seven aspects: ① institution and team building; ② Infiltrating mental health education into school education; (3) offering activity classes; ④ Daily psychological consultation and counseling; ⑤ Psychological consultation room construction and bonus investment; ⑥ Scientific research work; ⑦ Actual effect. These evaluation contents should be included in the overall evaluation index system of primary and secondary education in Shanghai. Starting from 1999, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission held an activity every three years to summarize and commend the experience of advanced individuals and units in Shanghai's school mental health education, so as to promote the all-round development of school mental health education.