With the rapid development of social economy, people's living standards are constantly improving. Most urban residents have experienced "accommodation" (basic living area), "separation" (certain living area and room number) and "spacious living" (living function can be properly divided and decorated), so people begin to care about "comfortable living" and even expect "poetic living".
Living poetically may be just an "expectation" today. "One side's soil and water nourish one side's people", and one side's living environment cultivates one side. People have settled in a specific living environment for a long time, and the long-term function of this overall environmental organization is a powerful structure that produces, maintains and "controls" people's life activity patterns. "Being determines consciousness", thus forming corresponding lifestyles, values and ideologies-even cultural forms. Therefore, in a broad sense, we expect that the urban living environment should have good ecological conditions, a progressive lifestyle, a healthy mental and psychological environment and social environment, promote the development of potential and quality, respect and constantly develop excellent national and local traditional customs, and so on.
Living comfortably is the basic premise of "living poetically". Comfortable living is closely related to the design of residential buildings, but also to the quality of specific living environment. Because the living environment has become one of the primary criteria for consumers to identify the quality of a residential area or property and decide on the intention of buying a house. The environment has become "the business card of real estate, and it is also an important weight to enhance the value of real estate and the quality of life." Excellent living environment and landscape design enhance the added value of real estate in all directions. So, what is a comfortable living environment?
From the current general understanding, the so-called comfortable living environment should refer to the tangible or intangible external conditions in the living environment centered on living life, generally involving natural conditions such as climate, sound and light, air, water and various artificial conditions. Artificial conditions not only refer to public facilities such as roads, parks, transportation, shops and hospitals, but also include economic and social conditions (such as interpersonal relationship and land conditions). In other words, it is a living environment mainly composed of four basic elements: surrounding conditions, land use conditions, public facilities conditions and natural conditions.
Western developed countries take the living environment as the goal, judge the quality of the living environment with the basic principles of safety, health, convenience and comfort, and plan and build the living environment. This evaluation content of living environment quality based on living environment mainly consists of three parts.
Basic physiological content. Including outdoor space, greening, air, sunshine and noise. Outdoor space should be considered for the elderly and children. The outdoor environment to ensure the safe growth of children is one of the key points in the planning and design of residential areas, and the outdoor accessibility and the outdoor environment to consider the life of the elderly are also crucial issues.
The content of basic life. Including shops, schools, neighborhood relations and landscapes. In today's community construction, sports fitness facilities and cultural activities have also become a very important part of life. Starting from the basic needs of residents, we should meet the living requirements of people with diverse values and lifestyles, build and configure various public facilities, attach importance to promoting interpersonal communication and mutual assistance, and attach importance to community building.
Basic health and safety aspects. Including water supply and drainage, fire protection, transportation, safety and other elements. A healthy and safe residential area with high environmental quality should not only provide environmentally friendly infrastructure and services in a comprehensive way to improve the overall health level of the population, but also avoid the impact on people's health and adverse environmental damage through careful design.
The Technical Essentials of Healthy Housing Construction (revised in 2004) issued by China covers four main aspects: first, the health of human settlements, including quantitative control indicators such as outdoor environment, living space and apartment design, air environmental quality, sound, light, water, electricity and heat; Second, the affinity of natural environment, from the natural landscape, green space system, rainwater utilization, landscape water and other aspects of quantitative control; The third is the protection of living environment, which is quantified from the aspects of visual environment, drainage system, domestic garbage and environmental sanitation. Fourth, the protection of healthy environment, emphasizing the improvement of community medical and health system, the construction of health facilities, the improvement of community medical facilities and cultural and entertainment facilities, providing corresponding service facilities and domestic service systems for the elderly at home, and emphasizing healthy behavior. Its purpose is to meet the basic elements of housing construction, adhere to the concept of people-oriented and sustainable development, safeguard the physiological, psychological and social needs of residents, further improve and improve the quality of housing and life, and create a comfortable, safe, hygienic and healthy living environment. It completely conforms to the principle of "safety, health, convenience and comfort" in western developed countries.
Therefore, in the construction of human settlement environment, we should pay attention to the living environment of residents, adhere to the concept of "people-oriented" and build a "comfortable, safe, hygienic and healthy living environment".
In many years of engineering design and teaching practice, we have made some preliminary explorations and gained some basic experience. For example, in the design of Jiuzhou Yijing Garden developed and constructed by Xiangtan Jiuzhou Industrial Company, we paid special attention to creating a "comfortable, safe, hygienic and healthy living environment".
Kyushu Yijing Garden is located at the intersection of Furong Road and Baota Road in Xiangtan City. Schindler Industrial Park, which was originally owned by a well-known private enterprise in China, is now changed to residential land. The base is adjacent to Baota Road in the east, Furong Road in the south, the living area of the State Taxation Bureau of Xiangtan City in the west, and the representative residential building of Xiangtan Electric Machine Factory in the north. The longest point of the base is 268m and the widest point is 88m. It is a rectangular land with a total land area of 22800m2.
The design scale (technical index) of the group is: the total construction area is 89 120m2, including 73450m2 residential buildings,15,700m2; Used in commercial and office buildings; 452 households with total population1356; The building density is 27%, the plot ratio is 3.9 1, the green space rate is 30.2%, and 273 vehicles are parked (above ground 140 vehicles, underground 133 vehicles).
The group consists of three high-rise buildings. The first building is a commercial and residential building. The building has a total of 15 floors, with a total building height of 48m and a building area of 24700m2. The first to fourth floors are commercial buildings, and the fifth to 15 floors are residential and office buildings. The second building is a 18-storey high-rise residential building with all overhead floors. The ground floor is 4.5m overhead, and the upper floor is a 17-story residence (the top floor jumps to the north exit). The total height is 5 1.6m, and the third building is overhead in the south, but not overhead in the north. The total number of floors is 17, and the total height is 47.4m, all of which belong to Class II buildings.
The first problem to be solved is the traffic environment. There are two main types of traffic flow: residential vehicles and business office vehicles (including commercial vehicles), and of course, it should also include the smooth flow of fire engines. With the increase of vehicles, its impact on people's living environment is increasingly obvious, such as occupying green space, roads and sports venues, bringing a series of security risks such as environmental pollution. Therefore, this design focuses on helping to digest vehicles in time, realizing the separation of people and vehicles, and introducing vehicles into the garage as soon as possible. The garage adopts a circular passage (mainly to ensure the passage of fire engines), and there are two entrances and exits, one near Baota Road at the northern end of the base, and the other is a public entrance and exit at the southwest corner of the base and the living quarters of the IRS. Both of them are 70m away from the road red line. The width of the road is 4m, which will be widened if the local location is considered. There are two underground garages and a street building in the southwest corner of the base. Consider the underground parking lot for commercial offices and the parking lot near the north entrance of the Group. Consider parking for residents and try not to walk into the group. Pedestrian entrance and exit, mainly located in the southeast corner of the base, near Baota Road, with a width of 18m. The sidewalk road is located in the green space and does not cross the roadway.
Secondly, the design of green space pays attention to unity. Greening and landscape design are not only problems of landscape space, but also problems of ecological space. The design of green space should be evenly distributed so that everyone can enjoy it, and the same cost should be rewarded equally. In order to improve the living environment and increase the green area, Building No.2 is all overhead, with a height of 4.5m, and Building No.3 is overhead in the south. The group green space is located between Building 1 and Building 2, and between Building 2 and Building 3, with an area of 5385m2. The per capita public green space is 0.75m2, with a total green area of 6885m2 (excluding the green area under overhead buildings), and the green space rate is 30.2%. In the design and construction of green space, we pay more attention to the elderly and children, because these two types of people spend the longest time in residential areas. At the same time, transforming space into place is a problem that we pay special attention to in design. A place is where people can move together. Build some fences, flower beds, stools, chairs, etc. for residents to rest and entertain, create an external environment that meets the needs of people of different ages, and let residential quarters form a beautiful atmosphere in which people and people live in harmony with the environment. Attention should be paid to overcoming the problem that although the environmental investment is large, there are large fountains and central squares, but the utilization rate of residents is not high, resulting in a great waste of space and funds. Pay attention to detail design, for example, consider disabled ramps for roads in residential areas, and arrange rest benches in the shadow of small trees as far as possible. Through the method of architectural design, we can increase people's communication space and opportunities, and make people familiar with each other and take care of each other.
When designing a single house, we try to put the living room, dining room and kitchen together to form a public activity area; Gather the bedroom and bathroom together to form a private activity area. The public area is close to the entrance and the private area is located inside the house. Public and private, dynamic and static, clean and dirty areas are clearly divided and used smoothly. The structural design adopts short-leg shear wall structure system. This structural system can adapt to and combine with the plane of residential units to the maximum extent, realize the flexible separation of indoor space of residential buildings, and meet the individual needs of residents such as living, work, entertainment and resale. Adapting to the modifiability and flexibility of residential function changes, the service life of residential buildings and engineering life tend to be synchronized, which embodies the basic idea of sustainable development strategy. The design of "home garden" is also adopted, which not only forms a transition space for changing clothes, shoes, rain gear and outfitting, avoids indoor and outdoor visibility, strengthens the protection of privacy, but also introduces green space into the interior of the house and improves the living quality.
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