1, the factors leading to breast cancer
1. Age factor
In women, the incidence rate increases with age, and it is rare before menarche and before the age of 20. However, after the age of 20, the incidence rate rises rapidly, and it is relatively flat at the age of 45-50. The incidence of postmenopausal women continues to rise, reaching its peak around the age of 70, and the mortality rate also increases with age. After the age of 25, the mortality rate gradually rises until the old age.
2. Genetic factors
It is found that the risk of breast cancer in women whose mothers have bilateral breast cancer before menopause is 9 times that of ordinary women, and the average age of the second generation of breast cancer patients is about 10 years earlier than that of ordinary women. Women with breast cancer among their sisters are three times as dangerous as ordinary people. It should be emphasized that breast cancer is not a direct inheritance, but a "carcinomatous" inheritance. Relatives of breast cancer patients may not have breast cancer, but they are more likely to have breast cancer than ordinary people.
3. Marriage and fertility factors
Epidemiological studies show that although women are infertile after marriage or their first child is after the age of 30, the risk of breast cancer among unmarried people is twice that of married people. Experts believe that childbirth has a protective effect on breasts, but it only refers to full-term delivery before the age of 30. Recent studies have shown that breast-feeding has a protective effect on the occurrence of breast cancer, mainly for premenopausal women.
4. Ionizing radiation factor
Breast is a tissue sensitive to carcinogenic activity of ionizing radiation. When you are young, it is the mitotic stage of the breast, which is the most sensitive to the carcinogenic effect of ionizing radiation, and the effect of ionizing radiation is cumulative. The risk of repeated low-dose exposure is the same as that of high-dose exposure, and there is a dose-effect relationship. Among the survivors of the atomic bombing in Nagasaki, Japan, the proportion of breast cancer has risen sharply. Those who received chest radiotherapy in childhood and adolescence have an increased chance of developing breast cancer when they grow up.
5. Unhealthy eating habits
The incidence and mortality of breast cancer are closely related to the amount of digested fat per capita. The high income of employees in some companies leads to a high standard of living and a changed diet. People's diet is dominated by meat and seafood products, and gradually formed a "popular" acidic constitution. Most people form unscientific and unhealthy eating habits of "high calorie and high fat", which leads to a great increase in the incidence of breast cancer.
6. Unhealthy lifestyle
Some female white-collar workers who have been engaged in office work for a long time, sit more and exercise less, lack exercise, spend less time in the sun, and sweat more in the sun, which helps to eliminate excess acidic garbage in the body. But now more and more people travel by car, and the amount of exercise is greatly reduced, which will lead to long-term retention of acid metabolites in the body and lead to systemic acidification. Most professional women hold the bra tightly for a long time because of their work relationship, and rarely "loosen" their breasts; There are also some professional women who, under the pressure of working or pursuing career success, live a single aristocratic or double-income childless life, with no family or children. These factors are related to mastopathy.
7. Depression and excessive stress
According to the survey, people are under increasing pressure because of introversion and long-term depression, and when this pressure is not released, it will have an impact on the body and lead to physical acidification. Unhappiness in early life is an important factor leading to cancer. Young urban women are facing fierce competitive pressure, and their spirits are in a state of stress and tension for a long time, which leads to emotional instability and disharmony. These mental factors, combined with unhealthy living and working styles, cause further harm to breasts.
8. Hormone abnormal factors
Breast cancer is related to human endocrine disorders. Among various endocrine factors, estrogen and progesterone are the most important. The results show that estrogen stimulates the excessive proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, which is an important cause of breast cancer. Frequent use of hormone products and hormone replacement therapy by menopausal women will increase the risk of breast cancer.
9. Drug factors
Some drugs, such as antihypertensive drugs reserpine, phenothiazine and steroids, will increase the prevalence of breast cancer. Some health care products, skin care products and cosmetics contain carcinogenic ingredients, so be especially careful when using them. In addition, harmful components in the air, pesticides left on vegetables and fruits, etc. , have different degrees of carcinogenic ingredients.
2. Early symptoms of breast cancer
1. In the early stage of breast cancer, there is usually a lump in the breast, but some breast cancer patients do not have a lump, but they often feel local discomfort, especially postmenopausal women. Sometimes they feel mild pain and discomfort in one breast, or one shoulder and back is heavy, sore and uncomfortable, and even pull the upper arm.
2. In the early stage of breast cancer, the breast will touch a lump the size of a broad bean, which is generally hard and can move. Under normal circumstances, there will be no pain, but some people will have dull pain, tingling and other symptoms.
3. The appearance of breasts will change. Skin swelling can be seen in the place where the lump occurs, and orange peel appears in some parts, and even symptoms such as edema, eczema and discoloration may occur.
4. Nipple retraction, invagination, breast skin depression, nipple erosion, nipple asymmetry.
5. Nipple may overflow, nipple may overflow blood sample, or it may overflow pus.
6. Regional lymph node enlargement, generally speaking, is ipsilateral axillary lymph node enlargement.