Second, seize the opportunity, blaze new trails, and strive to build a new pattern of mutually beneficial and win-win economic cooperation between China and the United States.
Third, strengthen communication and close consultation, and deepen coordination and cooperation in dealing with global challenges and hot issues in international regions.
Fourth, deepen friendship, face the future and actively promote friendly exchanges from all walks of life.
Fifth, respect each other, treat each other as equals and properly handle major sensitive issues.
China and Japan are neighbors separated only by water. How should Sino-Japanese relations develop healthily? Look for the same interests
How to develop Sino-US relations healthily is nothing more than answering from the perspective of national interests and how to handle international relations. I'll give you a rough outline.
The meaning of international relations (omitted)
② Determinants: national interests (meaning, * * * same interests, but opposite interests).
A. National interests are the rights and interests of a country's survival and development, and safeguarding national interests is the starting point and the foothold of * * countries' foreign activities.
B.*** Common interests are the basis of national cooperation.
China and the United States have many common interests, strong economic complementarity and wide cooperation, and the first paragraph of the material can
C. conflicts are rooted in conflicts.
There are differences between China and the United States in social systems, ideological human rights and other fields.
* * * is the core and most sensitive issue.
The United States pursues hegemonic power politics, and the United States attempts to contain the development of China.
As can be seen from the materials, the United States is protecting trade and selling it to * * *.
③ How to correctly handle Sino-US relations?
A*** The same interests are the foundation of national cooperation, and the opposition of interests is the foundation of national cooperation. We should seek common ground while reserving differences.
Adhere to independence and resolutely safeguard China's national interests, independence and territorial integrity.
Adhering to the Five Basic Principles of Peace, we should handle Sino-US relations on the basis of the Five Basic Principles of Peace.
Why did China repeatedly stress that as long as the United States abides by the three joint communiques, Sino-US relations can develop steadily and healthily? In fact, the relationship between China and the United States is very delicate. Interests and contradictions coexist, and both countries are looking for a balance point in the game. The three joint communiques are such a balance point. Neither China nor the United States has the capital to fight with each other.
1970s, what was the movement to promote the development of Sino-US relations? table tennis
Because there is a historical event called ping-pong diplomacy.
Since the late 1960s, China and the United States, which have been hostile for a long time, began to explore and secretly contact with each other in order to improve and ease relations. The event began in March-April of the same year at the 3 1 World Table Tennis Championships in Nagoya, Japan. On the eve of the competition, Zhou Enlai called a meeting of relevant people and asked them to "contact teams from many countries". "We can also invite them to participate in the competition". At the same time, he asked the people present to "use their brains". On the first day of the competition, when the China team went to the stadium by bus from their residence, American athlete Cohen hitchhiked, so China athlete Zhuang Zedong took the initiative to shake hands with him and gave him a brocade from Hangzhou, China as a souvenir. This detail was captured by the reporters present and became explosive news. On April 3rd, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State Sports Commission of China asked the Central Committee whether to invite the American table tennis team to visit China. After three days of deliberation, * * * decided to invite the American team to visit China on the eve of the closing of the contest. The next day, the State Council received a report from the Japanese Embassy about China's invitation to the American table tennis team to visit China and immediately reported it to the White House. After Nixon learned the news late at night, he immediately sent a telegram to the American ambassador to Japan, agreeing to the Chinese invitation. Nixon said afterwards: "I never imagined that the initiative for China would be realized in the form of a table tennis team visiting Beijing."
1971April 10, the American table tennis delegation and a small group of American journalists became 1949, the first batch of Americans allowed to enter the territory of new China. On April 14, Zhou Enlai, Prime Minister of the State Council, China, met with members of the American table tennis team in the Great Hall of the People and said to them, "You have opened a new chapter in the relations between the Chinese and American peoples. I believe that this new beginning of our friendship will be supported by most people in our two countries. "
A few hours after Premier Zhou Enlai's speech, US President Nixon announced a series of measures to ban China. In return, the American table tennis team invited the China table tennis team to visit the United States, and this invitation was immediately accepted. In April 1972, 1 1, the China table tennis team paid a return visit to the United States and arrived in Detroit for the first time. The exchange of visits between Chinese and American table tennis teams has aroused international public opinion and become a world-renowned event, which has been called "table tennis diplomacy" by the media. "Ping-pong diplomacy" ended the isolation of personnel exchanges between China and the United States for more than 20 years and achieved a historic breakthrough in Sino-US reconciliation.
How does the relationship between banks and enterprises develop healthily? The relationship between banks and enterprises refers to the integration of trading behaviors of commercial banks and industrial and commercial enterprises, two market-oriented business entities. It includes the substantive relationship between banks and enterprises in the process of economic development, namely, creditor's rights relationship, equity relationship and intermediary relationship. The relationship between banks and enterprises is determined by the economic and financial system, and it is a direct reflection of the state of economic and financial operation.
First, the main manifestations of bank-enterprise disharmony
1. Enterprise financing difficulties. The financing difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprises is the bottleneck of the whole country and even the whole world. As a poverty-stricken county in mountainous areas, due to the shortage of working capital of enterprises, many enterprises with good growth, market and excellent benefits in our county can not produce at full capacity for a long time, and some even stop production or semi-stop production.
2. Banks cannot provide financial services. Finance is a special industry dealing with money. Subjectively speaking, banks have the responsibility and obligation to obtain good economic and social benefits through their own services. However, due to various constraints, financial services are difficult to reach the designated position. As far as our county is concerned, first, the organization is shrinking and there are few outlets. China Construction Bank and China Industrial and Commercial Bank withdrew from the county market on 1999 and 200 1 respectively. China Agricultural Bank has successively merged 15 township branches in the county, and almost all rural credit cooperatives have merged credit branches and credit cooperatives. Up to now, the number of financial outlets in the county has been reduced from more than 470 to less than 40, which objectively caused the absence of financial service subjects. Second, the service product is single. In addition to traditional credit products such as medium-and long-term loans and short-term loans, other financial innovation products in Zhuxi County are seriously inadequate, including commercial paper, corporate bonds, venture capital funds, industrial funds and property consultancy. Faced with the strong financing needs of small and medium-sized enterprises, financial institutions can no longer meet the needs of development by relying solely on single credit supply.
Second, the main reasons for the disharmony between banks and enterprises
1, the financial ecological environment is not excellent. A good financial ecological environment is a huge intangible asset, which can bring great financing convenience to the local economy. The credit awareness of some small and medium-sized enterprises in our county is still not strong, bank loans cannot be repaid when they are due, and a few enterprises maliciously evade debts from time to time. Some enterprises' land and factories are leased, and the loans are unsecured or the mortgage procedures are not standardized. According to the regulations, banks cannot issue loans. There are also some enterprises whose internal financial management is not standardized, so it is difficult for banks to grasp the real financial situation of enterprises, and the loan risk is high, so they are unwilling to issue loans. Because of credit problems, banks have money to lend, and the benefits are not excellent; Enterprises are short of money and it is difficult to develop. This contradiction restricts the pace of economic development in our county.
2. Poor financial and credit channels. First, all commercial banks have implemented a strict loan approval system and obtained the loan approval authority. County-level branches only have the right to declare and initiate, and some can only issue low-amount pledged loans, which obviously weakens the role of credit support. At the same time, banks implement a strict credit accountability system. In order to avoid risks, credit officers have the psychology of "sparing loans" and "sparing loans", and even prefer not to lend in order to keep their jobs. Second, after the listing of state-owned commercial banks, the credit strategy has undergone fundamental changes. The clients are transferred to large and medium-sized cities, large and medium-sized enterprises, advantageous enterprises and advantageous industries, and a large amount of funds flow to other places. Commercial banks focus on supporting large enterprises and large projects, ignoring credit services for small and medium-sized enterprises and individual enterprises.
3. The cooperation between banks and enterprises is not close. The cooperation between financial departments and enterprises in our county is not close enough, and there is a lack of good cooperation mechanism and effective docking measures. The main reason is the problems left over from history, such as the loss of bank credit assets and the increase of non-performing assets caused by enterprise restructuring, which leads to the alienation and lack of trust between banks and enterprises. These problems directly damage the relationship between banks and enterprises, not only affect the confidence of banks in lending, but also affect the sustainable development of enterprises.
Third, building a harmonious relationship between banks and enterprises countermeasures and suggestions
At present, banks can't lend money and enterprises can't lend money, which restricts the healthy and rapid development of the economy. The effective way to break this bottleneck is for the government, banks and enterprises to cooperate and actively build a harmonious relationship between banks and enterprises.
1, * * * Efforts should be made to create a good financial ecological environment. The environment is attractive, and the environment is also productive. A good credit environment can promote a win-win situation for banks and enterprises. First, effectively improve the financial credit environment. * * *, judicial organs and relevant departments should bravely support financial institutions, support banks to collect loans and interest on schedule, severely crack down on malicious evasion of debts, and fundamentally eliminate the "fear of loans" psychology of financial institutions. At the same time, actively strive for the "best financial credit unit", and extensively carry out the selection of "credit towns", "credit cooperatives" and "credit enterprises" to create a good social atmosphere of "honesty and trustworthiness". Really let "credit" become a "passport" to promote economic development. Second, actively guide and create conditions to encourage the establishment of village banks, small loan companies, rural mutual funds cooperatives and other financial institutions. The Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that it is necessary to establish the spirit of modern rural financial system and innovate the rural financial system. The establishment of local financial institutions can enhance the financing strength of enterprises and alleviate the pressure of capital shortage caused by insufficient investment. The third is to build a platform for cooperation between banks and enterprises. Strengthen the construction of credit guarantee institutions, increase the amount of guarantee funds, enlarge the guarantee multiple, play the role of intermediary and bridge between credit parties, and help enterprises solve mortgage problems. At the same time, give full play to the role of SME Credit Promotion Association, and hold regular bank-enterprise symposiums and project fairs attended by relevant departments to form a situation of mutual cooperation and benign interaction among banks, guarantee institutions and enterprises. The fourth is to establish an incentive mechanism. Assess financial institutions in terms of credit increment, key project support and credit environment construction, reward those who have made outstanding contributions to supporting county economic development, and improve the enthusiasm of financial departments.
2, the financial sector should strive to improve the level of financial services. Finance promotes economic development, and the economy determines the financial outlet. In view of the current international and domestic financial and economic situation, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have adopted a series of policies and measures to further expand domestic demand and promote economic growth. In particular, the central economic work conference held this month clearly stated that the primary task of economic work next year is to strengthen and improve macro-control, implement a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately loose monetary policy. As a grass-roots financial institution, we should seize the good opportunity of national macro-policy, correctly handle the relationship between promoting economic development and preventing risks, and firmly establish the concept of seeking greater development with service and support. It is necessary to formulate specific support measures for small and medium-sized enterprises and do everything possible to meet the capital needs of enterprises. Actively go deep into enterprises, towns and departments to publicize national financial policies, recommend credit products, and actively participate in the main battlefield of financial support for economic development. Innovate service methods, improve service level, and flexibly use various guarantee methods such as goods mortgage, land reserve mortgage and enterprise joint guarantee to open up green financing channels for enterprise development.
3. Enterprises should constantly enhance their sense of integrity. People can't stand without faith. Enterprises should not be short-sighted if they want to develop. First of all, we must enhance our competitiveness, improve various management systems, operate in compliance with the law, strive to become bigger and stronger, and actively create conditions to meet the financial and credit support conditions. Secondly, strengthen the credit construction of enterprises, establish a sense of honesty, strengthen the concept of legal system, and win the recognition of banks with good reputation. Third, actively communicate with the financial sector, strengthen contact with the financial sector, change mutual accusations between banks and enterprises into active communication, and truly establish long-term and good cooperative relations between banks and enterprises.
How to promote the healthy development of China culture Hello!
1 Support the development of advanced culture and the erosion of backward and decadent culture.
Treat culture in two, take its essence and discard its dross.
As cultural inheritors, we should consciously carry forward the excellent Chinese culture.
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, what are the general characteristics of the development of Sino-US relations: cooperation in confrontation and confrontation in cooperation.
The following are the events.
1950s: China and the Soviet Union joined forces and China and the United States confronted each other, but the Soviet Union and the United States were still in a state of cooperation.
1960s: The United States and the Soviet Union fought for hegemony, the United States was on the offensive, the Soviet Union was on the defensive, Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, and Sino-US relations were tense.
1970s: The United States was defeated in Vietnam, the Soviet Union was on the offensive, the United States was on the defensive, Sino-US relations were normalized, and Sino-Soviet relations were cold.
80' s: China and the United States jointly fought against the Soviet Union, which made the Soviet Union lose its hegemony and eventually disintegrated.
90' s: The United States once again dealt with China, and Sino-US relations were tense, while US-Russia relations were cold, and Sino-Russian relations eased and cooperation began.
265438+Early 20th century: Sino-American and Russian-American relations continued to be tense, and China and Russia strengthened cooperation and formed a strategic alliance.
A big event, I think it is very important. By looking at the reasons, we can roughly understand the influencing factors of Sino-US relations.
The Causes and Process of Normalization of Sino-US Relations in 1970s
1, the root cause: determined by the common interests of China and the United States.
(1) From the perspective of the United States: ① Since the founding of New China for more than 20 years, its international status has been continuously improved; (2) The failure of the United States to implement the policy of "containment and isolation" against China for a long time; ③ In the US-Soviet hegemony, the United States was on the defensive and had to adjust its China policy; (4) Economically challenged by Japan and Western Europe; ⑤ mired in the Vietnam War.
(2) From China's point of view: ① It is conducive to improving China's international status; (2) Responding to threats from the Soviet Union; (3) is conducive to the realization of peace * * * problem, solve the long-term dispute between China and the United States.
2. The process of normalization of Sino-US relations.
(1) Journey of Exploration-"Ping Pong Diplomacy"
The "thawing" of Sino-US relations needed an opportunity at that time. * * * and Zhou Enlai attached great importance to the contacts between Zhuang Zedong and American players, and immediately made a decision to invite the American table tennis team to visit China, thus starting the "table tennis diplomacy" of "small ball pushing big ball".
(2) whirlwind tour-Kissinger's secret visit to China
In July, President Nixon's national security assistant Kissinger secretly visited China and held talks with Premier Zhou Enlai. At the same time, China and the United States announced that US President Nixon would visit China to normalize relations between the two countries.
(3) A trip to break the ice-Nixon's visit to China
1In February, 972, President Nixon visited China and met with * * *. China and the United States signed the Sino-US Joint Communiqué (also known as the Shanghai Communiqué) in Shanghai. The Sino-US Joint Communique is the first document signed by China and the United States to guide bilateral relations. Its publication marks the end of isolated confrontation between China and the United States and the beginning of normalization of relations.
(4) Establishment of diplomatic relations: 1979 65438+ 10/0/,China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations.
Contemporary World: How to Develop and Promote the New-type Great Power Relations between China and the United States Print articles and send them to friends to share buttons [Abstract] Forty years ago, China and the United States historically realized the "handshake across the Pacific". China and the United States should respect each other's core interests and major concerns. The two sides should properly handle sensitive issues in bilateral relations, do not create troubles for each other, do not cross each other's bottom line, and do not engage in political confrontation. Forty years ago, China and the United States historically achieved a "handshake across the Pacific." Today, 40 years later, at a new historical starting point, China and the United States should hold a second handshake, which is a higher level and more trusting handshake. China and the United States should stand at the strategic height of China and the United States and the world and think deeply about the nature and future of bilateral relations. What is the connotation of the new-type relationship between China and the United States? How to develop and promote this relationship? 1. Eliminating doubts and enhancing mutual trust are the basis for promoting the new-type relationship between China and the United States. Strategic mutual trust is the cornerstone for the long-term, healthy and stable development of China-US relations. Lack of strategic mutual trust and doubts about each other's strategic intentions have become important obstacles in the current journey of Sino-US relations. . China told the world frankly that China would not take the old road of "national power must dominate", and China was determined to take the road of peaceful development. Therefore, "containing" China should not be the policy of the United States. China and the United States should make full use of the more than 60 dialogue and consultation mechanisms that have been formed, so that more people, organizations, enterprises, think tanks and media from both countries can join in the grand cause of promoting the new-type relationship between China and the United States, and carry out extensive and in-depth dialogue, exchanges, communication and cooperation, so as to make the great project of strategic mutual trust between China and the United States more solid. Second, transcending differences and seeking true knowledge are the guarantee to promote the new-type relationship between China and the United States. History has proved and will continue to prove that the differences between China and the United States are not terrible, as long as both sides are good at narrowing differences, actively resolving differences, constantly transcending differences, effectively controlling differences, properly handling differences, seeking * * * common interests to the maximum extent on global, strategic and long-term issues that China and the United States are concerned about and facing, and constantly expanding mutual cooperation. Third, respect, tolerance and mutual learning among civilizations are prerequisites for promoting the new-type relationship between China and the United States. First of all, China and the United States should respect and tolerate each other's political systems and development paths. China emphasized the pursuit of knowledge, but "China should never expect China of the United States" and the United States should never expect Americanization of China (Nixon's words). Therefore, China and the United States should respect each other, treat each other as equals, learn from each other and move in the opposite direction. Second, China and the United States should respect each other's core interests and major concerns. The two sides should properly handle sensitive issues in bilateral relations, do not create troubles for each other, do not cross each other's bottom line, and do not engage in political confrontation. We hope that the United States will abide by principles, keep its promises, and handle issues concerning China's core interests, such as national security, Taiwan Province Province, Xinjiang and Xinjiang, so as to avoid interference and damage to Sino-US relations. 4. Interdependence and interest blending are the conditions for promoting the new-type relationship between China and the United States. On the big stage of globalization, the two countries are interdependent, sharing weal and woe and blending interests. In fact, China and the United States have become the subjects of development, interests and responsibilities. Sino-US relations are a multi-functional composite structure integrating bilateral, regional and global trinity, and their importance is everywhere. At the bilateral level, taking economy and trade as an example, Sino-US economic and trade cooperation has created a miracle of mutual benefit and win-win. Economic and trade cooperation has made both China and the United States winners. At the global and regional levels, China and the United States cannot solve all the problems in the world, but without China and the United States, any global problem may not be solved. On the agenda of endless global issues, China and the United States cannot do without each other. It is the bounden duty of China and the United States to meet the challenge and take responsibility. 5. Keeping pace with the times and creating the future is the essence of promoting the new-type relationship between China and the United States. Sino-US relations are an open structure, which requires China and the United States to further emancipate their minds, set up new thinking, and constantly blaze new trails. The new-type relationship between China and the United States has adapted to the requirements of the times and the progress of history, and abandoned the zero-sum game in which you lose and I win. The greatest hopes and challenges of China and the United States are focused on whether a new type of relationship between major powers can be established. For the sake of the friendship between China and the United States for generations and the peace and stability of the world, China and the United States have the responsibility, wisdom and ability to embark on a new road of great power relations that meets the requirements of the times. The new Sino-US relations have not only created a new model of new big power relations, but also created a new model of new international relations!