First of all, the most sacred Confucius
Confucius, named Kong Qiu and Zhong Ni, was born in Lu Yi in the Spring and Autumn Period. China was a famous thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient times. After the Han Dynasty, Confucius' theory gradually became the orthodoxy of feudal culture in China, which had a great influence. Later generations have always regarded him as a "saint" and called him "the most sacred teacher". Later generations called him the king of propaganda.
According to legend, he has 3,000 disciples and 72 German disciples, leading some disciples all over the world. Xiu, Shu, Li and Yue preface Zhouyi and write Chunqiu. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and his disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled the famous Confucian classic The Analects. His Confucianism had a far-reaching influence on China and the world, and Confucius was enshrined in Confucius temples all over the world.
Confucius had a far-reaching influence on later generations. Although he was "self-evident", he was called "Heavenly Sage", "Heavenly Zun" and "Immortal Sage" when he was alive, and he was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time. He had many disciples, including Mencius and Xunzi, who were called "Asian saints" by later generations, and Sun Zikang's disciples.
Second, the Asian sage Mencius.
Mencius, named Ke, was born in Zou, Lu in the middle of the Warring States Period, not far from Qufu, Confucius' hometown. He is a famous thinker, politician and educator in China, the successor of Confucius and an important representative of Confucianism. According to legend, Mencius is a descendant of Lu Guizhi. He lost his father when he was young and his family was poor.
After finishing his studies, he lobbied governors as a scholar and publicized his political opinions, and went to Liang, Qi, Song, Teng and Lu successively. At that time, several great powers devoted themselves to enriching Qiang Bing by violent means and striving for reunification. He inherited Confucius' thought of benevolence and developed it into the thought of benevolent government.
He is the author of Mencius, one of the Confucian classics. He is regarded as the true successor of Confucius' theory, and is called "Asian sage" together with Confucius and Mencius.
Third, the poet Du Fu
Du Fu, a native of Gongxian County, Henan Province in the Tang Dynasty, was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and was also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin from Du Mu's other two poets, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Big Du Li" and Du Fu is often called "Old Du".
Du Fu had a profound influence on China's classical poetry, and was called "Poet Saint" by later generations. His poems are called "the history of poetry". Later, people called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan in 759. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about public and state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism from his masterpiece Eight Immortals of Drinking.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent governance, and he has a great wish of "obeying the monarch, obeying Yao and Shun, and then purifying the folk customs". Although Du Fu was not famous before his death, he became famous later, which had a far-reaching influence on China literature and Japanese literature. There are about 65,438+0,500 existing poems by Du Fu, most of which are included in Du Gongbu Collection.
Four. The word sushi
Su Shi was a writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word looks far, the word and the clock, and the number Dongpo lay man. Han, Meishan, Meizhou. Together with their father Su Xun and brother Su Zhe, they are called Su San. He is an all-rounder in literature and art, and his prose is bold and beautiful. He and Ouyang Xiu are also called Ou Su, and he is one of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Poetry is fresh and vigorous, make good use of exagg.
These words are open and bold, and have a great influence on future generations. Together with Xin Qiji, it is called Su Xin; He is good at running script and regular script, and can innovate by himself. It is full of ups and downs with a pen and has a naive interest. Also known as Song Sijia with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang; Like painting, he likes to be a dead wood and a strange stone. Poems range from 0755 to 79000. And the word has "Dongpo Yuefu".
Grape wine saint Du Kang
Du Kang, also known as Shao Kang, was born in Xia Dynasty. Du Kang is the "ancestor of brewing" in ancient legends of China. Du Kang, a native of Zhou, was buried in Kangjiawei, Baishui County, Shaanxi Province. According to "Seven Episodes of Dongpo during the reign of Qing Qianlong", "Du Kang, whose real name is Zhongning, is a Kangshi Escort Agency in this county and is good at making wine." .
Legend has it that Du Kang is getting water to make wine. There is a saying to prove it: "He drinks and drinks; Only wine can cure diseases. So, drink all day, don't indulge; Take life and get the sum of qi and blood. It's a hundred miles around here, and no amount of wine is sold for nothing. The legacy of Xianze has its own local institutions, and the legacy has been passed down along the trough to this day, and it is also clear. "
As the pioneer of wine culture, Du Kang opened the source of China's long-standing wine culture. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao sang the eternal swan song of "Generosity is unforgettable, and only Du Kang can solve the sorrow". Therefore, people later called it "wine saint".
Six. Book king Xizhi
Wang Xizhi, Han nationality, a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was called "Wang Youcheng". A native of Linyi, Shandong Province in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, moved to Yinshan Mountain in Huiji, and lived in seclusion in Jinting County in his later years.
Successive secretaries, general Ningyuan, Jiangzhou secretariat and later literature and history records were all led by generals. His calligraphy is good at reasoning, cursive writing, writing and judging the situation. He imitated the body and pursued the hand, learned from each other's strong points, refined into a fine body, melted into a furnace, and broke away from the Han and Wei styles, becoming a far-reaching family. Gentle and natural style, tactful and implicit brushwork, beautiful and healthy.
The most famous calligrapher in the history of China. His calligraphy absorbed the essence of Wei and Jin calligraphy and created a unique style. The regular script he wrote further broke away from the trace of Li Fa, and reached the state of independence and perfection. People praised his words "floating like clouds" and "pretending to be a dragon" and recognized him as a "book saint"
Seven. Painting saint Wu Daozi
Wu Daozi, a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty, was from Yang Zhai. Painting school was called "school" in history, but it was renamed "Daoxuan" because of its firm belief in Huang. Known as "painting sage" by later generations, he was honored as the founder of the mountain by folk painters. Lonely and poor in his early years, he liked painting. Before he gets a weak crown, he may be "poor and beautiful"
He is the father of China's landscape painting, and is praised as a "painting saint" by later generations. People call it "the pinnacle of the Five Dynasties Party" and figure painting is "the best in the world". He is good at drawing Buddhist and Taoist figures. He studied in Xi 'en Monk Cave in the Southern Dynasties and recently studied under Zhang Xiaoshi. His calligraphy is vigorous and vivid.
In temples in Chang 'an and Luoyang, he created more than 300 religious murals of Buddhism and Taoism according to different situations. Put down your pen or start with your arms or feet, and you lose your scale; Write a Buddha statue with a round lamp, a beam of a house or a sharp bow. You don't need a round ruler, just wave it. The figures in the painting make good use of blue leaves or water shield strips to express the folds of clothes and make them tend to float. They are called "the Party Style of the Wu Dynasty", like to hook up with Jiao Mo, with a faint color, also known as "Wu Zhuang"
Eight. Dr. Zhang Zhongjing
Zhang Zhongjing, a native of Nieyang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was born in Zhongjing, Han nationality. A famous doctor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was honored as a medical sage by later generations.
Zhang Zhongjing extensively collected medical prescriptions and wrote a masterpiece "Baishui County Records". Established the principle of syndrome differentiation.
This is the first medical monograph in China that establishes the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment from theory to practice. It is one of the most influential works in the history of traditional Chinese medicine, and it is also an essential classic for later scholars to study traditional Chinese medicine. It is widely valued by medical students and clinicians.
Nine. Medical sage Sun Simiao
Sun Simiao, born in 58 1-682, was a great physician in Sui and Tang Dynasties. He is also a Taoist figure with a high status. There are "Wang Yao Temple" in many Taoist temples. He is a real Taoist, because he has noble medical ethics, and he emphasizes health preservation and saving the world.
He comes from Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province, China. 58 1 was born in a poor peasant family. He has been very clever since he was a child and is highly valued by his teachers. When he grew up, he began to love Taoism. Because of the social unrest at that time, Sun Simiao lived in seclusion in Taibai Mountain, Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province, and gradually gained a high reputation. At that time, the imperial court appointed Sun Simiao as Dr. imperial academy, but he refused.
In Sun Simiao, Taibai Mountain, he studied Taoist classics, explored the art of keeping in good health, read many medical books and studied ancient medical prescriptions. He chose "helping life" as his lifelong career. In order to understand the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine, he ran all over the mountains. Sun Simiao also attached great importance to folk medical experience, accumulated and recorded it in time, and finally completed his immortal book Treatise on Febrile Diseases. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao began to accept the invitation of the imperial court to cooperate with it in medical activities. In 659 AD, the world's first national pharmacopoeia Treatise on Febrile Diseases was published.
His Qian Jin Fang is the earliest medical encyclopedia in China. It is a precious wealth of Chinese medicine, with complete theories, methods and prescriptions from basic theory to clinical discipline. Therefore, later generations called him "King of Medicine", "Real Man" and "Medical Sage".
X. Lu Yu
Lu Yu was born in Jingling, Zhou Xia in the Tang Dynasty. He was a famous tea expert in ancient China. Lu Yu loved tea all his life and was good at tea ceremony. He is famous for his first monograph on tea science, Tang Xin Materia Medica, and has made outstanding contributions to the development of tea industry in China and even the world.
He is also good at writing poems, but few poems have been circulated in the world. He has a strong interest in tea and has conducted long-term investigation and research. Familiar with tea planting, breeding and processing technology, good at tea tasting. In the early Tang Dynasty, Lu Yu lived in seclusion in the south of the Yangtze River and wrote three volumes of Qian Jin Fang Yao, which became the first tea classic in the world.
Lu Yu's autobiography covers the whole Tang Dynasty. He wrote three volumes of The Book of Tea. He initiated the era of tea. Later generations praised him as "Tea God" and "Cha Sheng".