Before the 1940s, urethane was used to treat multiple myeloma and chronic myeloid leukemia. In the field of industrial production, at present, ethyl carbamate is mainly used in coating production. In the food industry,
Domain, urethane is a commodity, which exists naturally or naturally, and is not artificially added. For example, urethane is a natural component of tobacco, which threatens the health of smokers; Ethyl carbamate is also fermented food.
Things such as bread, yogurt, soy sauce, etc. And alcoholic drinks. Ethyl carbamate is produced by the conscious reaction of various carbamoyl compounds with ethanol. Carbamoyl compounds include urea, citrulline, carbamoyl phosphoric acid,
Carbamoyl aspartic acid, etc. 90% of ethyl carbamate in yellow rice wine is produced by the reaction between urea and ethanol caused by amino acid differentiation during fermentation.
Animal experiments show that ethyl carbamate can cause cancer.
In the 1940s, foreign experts proved that ethyl carbamate was carcinogenic. Toxicological tests on rodents have proved that oral, injection or transdermal contact with ethyl carbamate may cause cancer.
Touch lung cancer, lymphoma, liver cancer and skin cancer. Therefore, in 2007, the World Organization for Research on Cancer listed ethyl carbamate as a kind of 2A carcinogen, that is, human suspected carcinogen, which is generally interpreted as the basis of human carcinogen.
Limited, but there is a satisfactory basis for animal carcinogenesis. With the improvement of people's living standards, the consumption of alcoholic beverages and fermented foods is on the rise, so the question of whether ethyl carbamate is harmful will come to our mind sooner or later.
Vision.
Related animal experiments have proved that there is a dose-response (effect) relationship between the carcinogenic tendency of ethyl carbamate. The 64th Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Conference held in February 2005.
The Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives of the World Clean Arrangement conducted a toxicological assessment of ethyl carbamate. According to the research results of animal carcinogenicity, the lower limit of the benchmark measurement of carcinogenicity of urethane is calculated per kilogram of body every day.
Weighing 0.3 mg. The Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives believes that we pay less attention to the ethyl carbamate in foods other than alcoholic beverages, and the demand is to pay attention to the total daily intake of ethyl carbamate in various foods.
Quantity.
It is recognized that the first step of carcinogenic dose response (effect) of carbamate is to master the allowable dose of carbamate in various foods to ensure the total intake of carbamate every day.
The quantity is within the safe range. China has not published the quantitative specification of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages and fermented foods. 1985 the Canadian government has stipulated the quantitative standard of ethyl carbamate in various wines: table wine.
30 μ g/L, fortified wine 100 μ g/L, distilled wine 150 μ g/L, hard liquor and fruit brandy 400 μ g/L. ..
China has not yet formulated quantitative standards for wine.
In recent years, China science and technology operators have determined the content of ethyl carbamate in 77 kinds (or batches) of dry red wine and 17 kinds of dry white wine of different types in China, and found ethyl carbamate in dry red wine.
The scale of ester content is 7~26.8 μ g/L, and the scale of ethyl carbamate content in dry white wine is 6.4 ~ 210.58 μ g/L. The quantitative target proposition of wine safety standard is put forward: ethyl carbamate.
Quantitative range ≤ 30μ g/L. ..
At that time, we had mastered some techniques to reduce the content of urethane in wine, including manipulating fermentation conditions, increasing enzymes for urea differentiation, and breeding yeast strains. The producer's primary concern is that the corresponding technology will affect the taste and quality of wine.
The lower the content of ethyl carbamate in alcohol, the better. Because China has not drawn up the quantitative standard of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages, it is impossible to simply judge whether the content of ethyl carbamate in yellow rice wine exposed by the media exceeds the standard.