Literature review of lung cancer

How to detect lung cancer early has a very clear high-risk group of lung cancer-long-term heavy smokers. Medical statistics show that the prevalence rate of lung cancer is more than 20 times higher than that of non-smokers in people with smoking index (the number of years of smoking multiplied by the number of cigarettes smoked every day, in years). In addition, air pollution is also a risk factor for high incidence of lung cancer. Data from all over the world show that the incidence of lung cancer in cities is higher than that in rural areas. In addition, Gejiu and Xuanwei in Yunnan are two areas with extremely high incidence of lung cancer. Most patients with lung cancer in Gejiu are tin miners, which is considered to be closely related to the inhalation of harmful substances such as arsenic-based mine dust, radon and radon daughters into the lungs. The incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei is closely related to the fact that the local domestic coal is mostly bituminous coal. Because the treatment effect of advanced lung cancer is not good, early diagnosis and treatment have become an important means of lung cancer prevention and treatment. How can we make early diagnosis? First, we advocate that residents over the age of 45 should have a physical examination every year, and the physical examination should include taking X-ray chest films. If you are a smoker, even if you are 35 years old, you should take part in a health check-up once a year. If you are a heavy smoker and smoke two packs of cigarettes every day for 30 or 40 years, you should have a chest examination every six months. This is the best method for early detection of lung cancer, which is simple and economical. Conditional areas and units should carry out chest low-dose spiral CT screening for moderate and severe smokers over 55 years old.

Second, it is symptom treatment. If there is an irritating dry cough with blood in the sputum and blood in the sputum, it is usually a cough, but the law and habit of coughing are different from before. Be alert to these symptoms and go to the hospital for chest X-ray in time. In our clinical work, lung cancer patients are often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis or pulmonary infection, and the condition has reached the advanced stage when thoracic surgeons intervene, which is very sad. In order to improve this situation, on the one hand, we should strengthen the continuing education of doctors' knowledge of lung cancer prevention and treatment, on the other hand, we should give full play to the multidisciplinary advantages of lung cancer center. The members of lung cancer center should include medical staff from thoracic surgery, respiratory department, oncology department, radiology department and pathology department, and conduct multidisciplinary consultation, early diagnosis and targeted individualized treatment for suspected lung cancer patients. It can also make the multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment of lung cancer implemented. The operation mode of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment center of Capital Medical University in the past five years fully proves this point. If thoracic surgeons want to become experts in thoracic tumor surgery, they should actively participate in tobacco control, lung cancer prevention and popular science work. Before going to the hospital to see a lung cancer specialist, patients should first do some "homework" preparation: carefully recall the process of symptom change from onset to treatment, and try to explain the above situation to the lung cancer specialist in simple and clear sentences within a limited time. Don't forget to bring the images taken in the local hospital in the past, including chest X-ray, CT, MRI, etc. If you have received surgical treatment, you should bring relevant surgical records and pathological reports. If you have received chemotherapy, you should be able to provide experts with the evaluation of chemotherapy plan, chemotherapy course and chemotherapy effect, such as the change of tumor size and the detection results of blood tumor markers. In order to avoid a long waiting room after arriving at the hospital, you must make an appointment with the expert number in advance. Our xuanwu hospital Lung Cancer Center treats patients in different periods.