Medical surveys have found that breast-fed children are less likely to get sick. This is because breast milk contains specific secretory immunoglobulin antibodies. The transmission route of autumn diarrhea is mainly through the digestive tract. Because 30%~50% of children have symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection at the early stage of onset, some people think that the possibility of respiratory tract transmission is also great. Infants become ill 1~3 days after being infected with rotavirus. At the beginning of the disease, almost every child vomited for 2~3 days. Most children have a fever, and their body temperature is between 38℃ and 40℃ 1~4 days. Diarrhea occurred two days after illness, and the stool was about 10 times a day. The stool was watery or egg-shaped, green or milky, with a small amount of mucus, no purulent blood and no fishy smell. This disease is self-limited. Diarrhea usually heals itself in 4~7 days after illness, and a few children can have diarrhea for more than 20 days. Some sick children may die suddenly, which may be related to myocarditis.
Diarrhea in autumn is caused by virus infection, so taking antibiotics is harmful. The course of disease is not long. If parents do a good job in diet feeding and oral rehydration these days, there will generally be no problem.
First, the precautions for children's diarrhea
1, breastfeed as much as possible.
Infants advocate breastfeeding and avoid weaning in hot summer to reduce the incidence of diarrhea. If the child has an appetite, it is necessary to continue feeding, and breastfeeding children are still breastfeeding; Children fed artificially should eat lactose-free milk powder or 1/2 diluted milk; Children with complementary food can eat gruel or noodles, and it is no harm to increase the amount of feces after eating, because children with diarrhea can still absorb 80% of sugar, 60% of protein and fat, so it is beneficial to continue feeding children with diarrhea.
2, pay attention to keep warm
Because of diarrhea, the intestinal peristalsis of sick children is accelerated. If they catch cold again, diarrhea will be more serious, so special attention should be paid to keeping the sick child's abdomen warm. Parents can use warm water bags to hot compress their children's abdomen, or they can rub their stomachs to relieve the abdominal pain of sick children.
Step 3 adjust your diet
In the acute stage of diarrhea, you should eat less, but you don't have to fast. Children who eat milk powder can add some rice soup when making milk powder. Eat porridge, noodle soup and the like. Don't eat fish or meat in acute stage. You can gradually return to normal diet after your condition improves. Here, be careful not to rush for success, in order to avoid recurrence of the disease.
4. Drink oral rehydration salts
Children should be patiently given oral rehydration saline, a small number of times, once every 2~3 minutes, one spoonful each time10 ~ 20 ml; In this way, every little makes a mickle, and dehydration can be corrected in about 4~6 hours. If the child is intolerant of oral rehydration, or the degree of diarrhea is aggravated, it is necessary to take the child to the hospital to see a pediatrician and rehydrate with intravenous infusion.
Second, dealing with diarrhea should not be neglected.
During diarrhea, some people deal with it according to the traditional saying or their own "thinking". In this way, the condition will not be alleviated, but will be aggravated.
1, fasting during diarrhea
Some people think that when diarrhea occurs, the intestinal mucosa is congested, edema or even ulcerated, and the intestine should be "emptied" and rest for 1-2 days. In the meantime, people should fast, which can reduce the burden on the intestines. In fact, this understanding is wrong.
People lose a lot of water and inorganic salts when they have diarrhea. Fasting can lead to insufficient energy, and glycogen, fat and protein need to be decomposed to maintain blood sugar concentration. When the blood sugar is lower than 3 mmol/L, patients will have a series of hypoglycemia reactions such as sweating, pallor and syncope, which is very prone to accidents for the elderly or people with weak constitution.
In addition, fasting during diarrhea will also cause nutritional deficiency in the body, delay the repair of intestinal lesions, thus reducing the absorption and utilization of nutrients and forming a vicious circle. Therefore, not only do not fast when you have diarrhea, but also eat some nutritious and digestible foods, such as lotus root starch, egg batter, soybean milk, fine noodles, lotus seed porridge and so on. Eat less and eat more, chew slowly, which is convenient for the body to digest and absorb nutrients.
2. Eat garlic if you have diarrhea
Garlic contains alliin and alliinase, which can produce allicin in the stomach and has strong bactericidal ability. Regular consumption of garlic can inhibit and kill harmful bacteria in the intestine. But it is not suitable to eat garlic after suffering from enteritis and diarrhea.
Diarrhea is caused by catching cold or eating unclean food, causing inflammation and edema of local intestinal tissues, excessive secretion of intestinal glands, and a large amount of body fluids entering the intestinal cavity. At this point, the intestinal cavity is saturated. If you eat spicy food such as garlic, it may aggravate the stimulation to the intestinal wall and promote further congestion and edema of blood vessels in the intestinal wall, thus aggravating diarrhea. Therefore, acute diarrhea should not eat garlic, especially raw garlic. Eat garlic to sterilize and prevent diarrhea, and eat it when you are not sick, in order to show the effect. Excessive diarrhea can cause dehydration and electrolyte disorder. At this time, you can eat light salt water or porridge, fruit juice, vinegar and other foods appropriately, or drink strong tea to play a bacteriostatic role.
Third, the baby diarrhea mother needs to prevent 5 kinds of mistakes.
Diarrhea is one of the most common diseases in infants aged 6 ~ 18 months. What mistakes or misunderstandings may mothers make in preventing and treating infantile diarrhea?
1, nutrition is not guaranteed.
When diarrhea occurs, the baby's diet decreases, but the baby's nutritional needs are relatively high. If the nutritional supplement is insufficient, the diet is too strict, and the fasting time is too long, it will cause the baby to be malnourished, aggravate the illness or cause the illness to be delayed. Some mothers don't let or dare to breast-feed their babies when they have diarrhea, but only feed some boiled water, rice soup or porridge, which artificially causes their babies to be hungry. This is inappropriate. Because of this, the baby's nutrition is not guaranteed, and diarrhea may be aggravated or delayed.
Countermeasures: Diarrhea babies should continue to eat, ensure nutrition, supplement disease consumption, meet physical needs, and help the recovery of diarrhea. Dairy products are the most suitable food for babies to digest and ensure their nutritional needs.
(1) Infants with diarrhea who are breast-fed should continue breast-feeding, and those without breast milk can be replaced by dairy products to ensure the nutritional needs of the baby as much as possible.
(2) Babies who are not easy to digest lactose can use soy milk instead. When diarrhea is severe, formula milk can be appropriately diluted or reduced, or feeding can be temporarily stopped once, but feeding should not be prohibited.
(3) If the baby with diarrhea has added complementary food, stop feeding some or all of the complementary food, and then add it slowly according to the condition until the normal diet is restored.
2. Insufficient water supply
When the baby has diarrhea, more water and electrolyte are lost from the stool. When vomiting and drinking less water, dehydration and electrolyte disorder are prone to occur, which aggravates the condition. Therefore, it is the key to treat diarrhea by fully supplementing water and electrolyte to the baby with diarrhea. Some young mothers are afraid to feed their babies when they see water samples, mistakenly thinking that they drink too much water, which is easy to cause dehydration and acidosis.
Countermeasures: Diarrhea baby must fully supplement water and electrolytes. Generally, the daily liquid supplement is about 0/00 ml per kilogram of body weight/kloc-,including 2 grams of sugar and 0.5 grams of salt. Take orally at any time according to your baby's needs. If the baby vomits, you can also drink a few mouthfuls to clean the stomach. After the baby stops vomiting, it can be fed. If the baby loses water seriously, he should also replenish fluid from the vein.
3, eat more vegetables when diarrhea.
When many people have loose bowels, they think that eating greasy food will increase the burden on the digestive system and aggravate their illness, so they try to eat as many fresh vegetables as possible, which is beneficial to their illness. In fact, this is not only bad for the disease, but also harmful.
Many fresh vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage, leek, spinach and Chinese cabbage, contain nitrite or nitrate. Generally speaking, these vegetables have no adverse effects on the body. However, when people suffer from diarrhea and digestive dysfunction, or when gastric acid is too low, nitrate-reducing bacteria in the intestine multiply in large numbers. At this time, eating the above vegetables, even if they are very fresh, will lead to poisoning and cause enterogenous cyanosis. Nitrite makes methemoglobin, which has no oxygen-carrying ability in blood, increase sharply, thus causing hypoxia in the body, showing various corresponding symptoms. Therefore, when the digestive function is not good, it is best to reduce the consumption of vegetables.
3. Overuse of antibiotics
Many babies' diarrhea is caused by non-infectious factors, and antibiotic treatment is ineffective.
Antibiotics are also ineffective in treating viral diarrhea. In real life, almost all babies will use different antibiotics when they have diarrhea, ranging from 1 to 2 ~ 3, sometimes orally and sometimes by injection. Young parents are often "anxious to see a doctor". They give this antibiotic to their baby today and change it to another medicine tomorrow, which leads to excessive and complicated use of antibiotics, which is not only not conducive to the recovery of diarrhea, but also may lead to diarrhea caused by antibiotics, making the treatment of diarrhea more difficult and complicated.
Countermeasures: Generally speaking, antibiotics are not suitable for mild diarrhea and non-infectious diarrhea. If you have to use it, only one antibiotic is enough.
4. Use antidiarrheal drugs at will
When a mother sees her baby having diarrhea, she will be anxious for the doctor to take medicine, stop diarrhea or buy antidiarrheal drugs for her baby. Results Not only did diarrhea not stop, but it may also aggravate the condition. In fact, diarrhea and vomiting are a reaction of the body's self-protection, which is conducive to eliminating toxins and indigestible food. At this time, the treatment is not to stop vomiting and diarrhea in a hurry, but to supplement dehydration and malnutrition caused by stopping vomiting and diarrhea.
Countermeasures: Don't give diarrhea babies antidiarrheal drugs at will, especially drugs that inhibit intestinal peristalsis, such as ropivacrol.
5, do not pay attention to find the reason
The cause of baby's diarrhea is complicated, so we should pay attention to finding the real cause of diarrhea. In particular, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of persistent diarrhea caused by improper treatment or mistakes. Some mothers don't pay attention to finding the cause of their baby's diarrhea. They were busy when they saw a doctor and didn't ask about their illness carefully enough. Or some doctors only pay attention to medication and do not pay attention to adjusting the baby's diet, which will affect the therapeutic effect of diarrhea. Possible causes of persistent diarrhea are as follows:
(1) Excessive, miscellaneous and long-term use of antibiotics leads to intestinal flora imbalance.
(2) Hungry diarrhea caused by insufficient nutrition.
(3) Metabolic disorder caused by long fasting time.