Health activities to prevent coronary heart disease

Why does Sun Hongtao (associate professor and deputy chief physician of cardiac surgery in Fuwai Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences) say that walking is the best exercise for patients with coronary heart disease? White, a famous American cardiologist, said, "Exercise is the best tranquilizer in the world" and "Walking fast, like other forms of exercise, is an ideal antidote to emotional stress and can improve people's health". Among many exercises, walking is one of the most effective exercises in the rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease. Walking can relieve the tension of nerves and muscles and achieve the effect of relaxation and sedation. Walking can also improve the blood circulation of coronary artery to a certain extent, increase the oxygen and blood supply of the heart itself, relax vascular smooth muscle and significantly lower blood pressure, so it has a antihypertensive effect on patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension. Patients with coronary heart disease are prone to anxiety and depression. For this kind of people, walking can regulate the functional activities of cerebral cortex, improve the process of excitement and inhibition, and make people refreshed and feel comfortable. However, patients with coronary heart disease should also pay attention to not taking a walk immediately after meals. After eating, the blood in the body will be hypercoagulable, which is easy to form a thrombus. Walking after meals is easy to induce angina pectoris and even acute myocardial infarction. It is recommended to take a rest after meals 1 hour before taking a walk. ? What should patients with coronary heart disease pay attention to when taking a bath? Bathing is equivalent to a strong physical labor. In addition, there is more hot steam in the bathroom and relative lack of oxygen, and patients with coronary heart disease are prone to shortness of breath and rapid heartbeat. In addition, when taking a bath, the skin blood vessels are excessively dilated and there is more blood accumulation, which is easy to cause cerebral ischemia and may even lead to syncope. If you feel flustered and chest tightness, you should immediately stop taking a bath, keep warm, go to a ventilated place in time, and drink a proper amount of water to ensure a certain blood volume. If the family members find the patient unconscious, they should be sent to the hospital immediately. In addition, patients with coronary heart disease should also pay attention to the following aspects: the water temperature should be controlled within 40℃, preferably close to body temperature, and overheated sauna and steam bath are not suitable. Bathing time should not be too long, not more than 30 minutes. Because of sweating in the bath, the blood volume suddenly drops, which will lead to ischemia of important organs such as heart and brain, which is easy to form thrombosis and induce the risk of stroke. Don't take a bath when you are full or hungry. When you are hungry, taking a bath will increase your physical exertion, and a full meal itself will cause insufficient blood supply to your heart; On the other hand, after satiety, the stomach swells and the diaphragm moves up, which further aggravates the burden on the heart and can induce angina pectoris. Why does Sun Hongtao (associate professor and deputy chief physician of cardiac surgery in Fuwai Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences) say that walking is the best exercise for patients with coronary heart disease? White, a famous American cardiologist, said, "Exercise is the best tranquilizer in the world" and "Walking fast, like other forms of exercise, is an ideal antidote to emotional stress and can improve people's health". Among many exercises, walking is one of the most effective exercises in the rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease. Walking can relieve the tension of nerves and muscles and achieve the effect of relaxation and sedation. Walking can also improve the blood circulation of coronary artery to a certain extent, increase the oxygen and blood supply of the heart itself, relax vascular smooth muscle and significantly lower blood pressure, so it has a antihypertensive effect on patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension. Patients with coronary heart disease are prone to anxiety and depression. For this kind of people, walking can regulate the functional activities of cerebral cortex, improve the process of excitement and inhibition, and make people refreshed and feel comfortable. However, patients with coronary heart disease should also pay attention to not taking a walk immediately after meals. After eating, the blood in the body will be hypercoagulable, which is easy to form a thrombus. Walking after meals is easy to induce angina pectoris and even acute myocardial infarction. It is recommended to take a rest after meals 1 hour before taking a walk. ? What should patients with coronary heart disease pay attention to when taking a bath? Bathing is equivalent to a strong physical labor. In addition, there is more hot steam in the bathroom and relative lack of oxygen, and patients with coronary heart disease are prone to shortness of breath and rapid heartbeat. In addition, when taking a bath, the skin blood vessels are excessively dilated and there is more blood accumulation, which is easy to cause cerebral ischemia and may even lead to syncope. If you feel flustered and chest tightness, you should immediately stop taking a bath, keep warm, go to a ventilated place in time, and drink a proper amount of water to ensure a certain blood volume. If the family members find the patient unconscious, they should be sent to the hospital immediately. In addition, patients with coronary heart disease should also pay attention to the following aspects: the water temperature should be controlled within 40℃, preferably close to body temperature, and overheated sauna and steam bath are not suitable. Bathing time should not be too long, not more than 30 minutes. Because of sweating in the bath, the blood volume suddenly drops, which will lead to ischemia of important organs such as heart and brain, which is easy to form thrombosis and induce the risk of stroke. Don't take a bath when you are full or hungry. When you are hungry, taking a bath will increase your physical exertion, and a full meal itself will cause insufficient blood supply to your heart; On the other hand, after satiety, the stomach swells and the diaphragm moves up, which further aggravates the burden on the heart and can induce angina pectoris. What should patients with coronary heart disease pay attention to when defecating? Many people have the habit of defecating in the morning. When they just get up in the morning, it is the most active moment of human sympathetic nervous system, which is most likely to induce myocardial ischemia or arrhythmia. Patients with coronary heart disease should not be too violent after getting up. They should "slow down", from lying to sitting up, and then stand up. At this time, you should defecate, squat down slowly, stand up slowly, figure it out slowly, and avoid exertion. If constipation occurs, improper defecation will increase myocardial oxygen consumption, lead to faster heart rate and enhanced myocardial contractility, which will lead to a sharp increase in heart load. When the myocardial oxygen supply is insufficient, it can induce angina pectoris and even cause myocardial infarction or sudden death. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease and constipation should first adjust their diet structure, drink plenty of water, keep enough water in the intestinal cavity to soften their stools, eat more fruits and vegetables with high fiber and vitamins, and eat more foods such as honey and walnuts to moisten the intestines and relieve constipation. You can consider installing handrails around the toilet to facilitate the elderly to sit up. Do patients with coronary heart disease need bed rest? Absolute bed rest is needed in the acute stage of coronary heart disease, especially for patients with myocardial infarction in a certain period at the initial stage of onset, which is conducive to their rehabilitation. Because the reduction of basal metabolism during quiet rest is beneficial to the recovery of diseases, the heart load is reduced during bed rest, which can promote the balance of myocardial oxygen supply and consumption, avoid inducing or aggravating cardiac insufficiency, and reduce the excitability of sympathetic nerve during quiet rest, which can prevent and reduce the occurrence of arrhythmia. However, bed rest is not lying still in bed. About 2 weeks after illness, you can gradually move in bed under the guidance of a doctor, and then move under the bed. After the illness is stable, you can gradually increase the range and amount of activities in bed, bedside, indoors and outdoors. Normal patients with coronary heart disease are not advised to stay in bed for a long time, which will gradually make patients lose their mobility and cause muscle disuse atrophy. Moreover, long-term bed rest will increase the blood viscosity and reduce the activity of lower limbs, which will easily lead to deep vein thrombosis of both lower limbs and further lead to pulmonary embolism. Patients staying in bed for a long time can also lead to gastrointestinal peristalsis, abdominal distension, constipation and other symptoms. Long-term bed rest will also affect respiratory function, reduce lung ventilation function, lead to falling pneumonia and localized lung collapse. In addition, long-term bed rest can easily lead to bedsore infection. Can patients with coronary heart disease travel? Travel is of great benefit to the nervous system, endocrine system and especially cardiovascular system. Patients with coronary heart disease can travel when their physical conditions permit. However, I still have to go to the hospital for a comprehensive heart examination and an evaluation of heart function before going out. Only when the doctor confirms that your condition is in a stable state can you travel. Tourist attractions should also choose tourist areas with fresh air and pleasant climate, and should not choose scenic spots with too strong sunshine or too hot and humid. Avoid excessive fatigue during the journey, the daily activity time should not exceed 6 hours, and the rest and sleep time should not be less than 10 hour. Don't be nervous about the trip, don't be too far away, and don't be too active. Avoid being too nervous or excited when traveling. Patients with coronary heart disease should not only take their commonly used drugs with them, but also bring first-aid drugs such as fluouric acid and tea Benjamin. Acute gastroenteritis and carsickness often occur when going out. If they are not corrected in time, they will easily induce angina pectoris. Once you get sick, you still can't get relief under the condition of oral medication. You should see a doctor immediately and don't travel with illness. What should the diet of patients with coronary heart disease pay attention to? There is a great correlation between eating habits and coronary heart disease, so we should follow reasonable eating principles. First of all, the diet should be light and avoid eating too much animal fat and foods containing a lot of cholesterol. Foods containing cholesterol are mostly animal foods, which can be replaced by bean products, which not only reduces the intake of cholesterol, but also provides high-quality plant protein. Second, increase dietary fiber intake. Coarse grains are rich in dietary fiber, and the dietary fiber content of beans is higher than that of rice. However, the gastrointestinal function of the elderly is decreased, and it is not easy to digest coarse grains. Excessive dietary fiber will also affect the absorption of protein. Third, reduce sodium intake. Because hypertension is an important factor inducing coronary heart disease, it is of special significance to actively control blood pressure in preventing coronary heart disease. Fourth, quit smoking and limit alcohol. Fifth, don't overeat. After a full meal, the blood supply demand of digestive tract increases, the cardiac output increases, the myocardial oxygen consumption increases, and the cardiac load also increases. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease can eat 70% to 80% full. Can moderate drinking prevent coronary heart disease? As liquid bread, beer is rich in amino acids needed by human body and is deeply loved by everyone. Reasonable drinking can promote the secretion of gastric acid and the absorption of nutrients in gastrointestinal tract. The study found that people who drink beer moderately are less likely to suffer from heart disease and high blood pressure than those who don't drink alcohol. However, the expert group of the World Health Organization does not recommend drinking as a measure to prevent coronary heart disease, because drinking does more harm than good to the cardiovascular system. Generally speaking, hard liquor has a high alcohol concentration. Long-term or excessive drinking will increase the burden on the heart and liver, directly damage the myocardium, cause myocardial energy metabolism disorder, aggravate or induce arrhythmia, angina pectoris or myocardial infarction, and increase the incidence of sudden death. Moreover, acetaldehyde, a metabolite of alcohol, can promote the release of catecholamine, excite sympathetic nerves, and cause coronary artery spasm and myocardial ischemia through α -adrenergic receptors on coronary arteries. The suitable dosage recommended by American Heart Association is about 15g per day, which is roughly equivalent to 250ml beer with 6% alcohol concentration. On the premise of moderate drinking, drinking is a healthy lifestyle. As we all know, the incidence of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction of coronary heart disease increases correspondingly in cold weather or in late winter and early spring. Patients with coronary heart disease must pay attention to climate change. When autumn and winter alternate or spring and summer alternate, the temperature and humidity contrast greatly. At this time, people's sympathetic nerves are in a state of high excitement, which will accelerate the heart movement and easily induce coronary heart disease. Therefore, all patients with coronary heart disease should be warned to pay attention to maintenance in the season of great climate change. First of all, we should pay attention to preventing colds. Cold can lead to active inflammatory factors, affect blood viscosity and vasoconstriction, and make blood run poorly, thus leading to myocardial ischemia and heart disease. Secondly, don't overwork, overwork will increase the burden on the heart, lead to myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, and cause heart and brain diseases. This article is excerpted from Dialogue with Cardiologists: Heart You Don't Know/Sun Hongtao (Associate Professor and Deputy Chief Physician of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, China Academy of Medical Sciences)/Metropolitan Cultural Enterprise Co., Ltd.