2. Fat and protein: A high-fat diet will affect and aggravate the disease, while a low-fat diet can relieve nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension in patients with liver cancer. Patients with liver cancer have poor appetite and little appetite. If they don't have a balanced diet, they must increase their dietary calories and eat crude fat that is easy to digest and absorb. Patients with liver cancer should eat more foods rich in plant protein, especially high-quality plant protein.
3, vitamins: vitamins A, C, E, K, etc. All have certain auxiliary anti-tumor effects. Vitamin C mainly exists in fresh vegetables and fruits. Carotene can be converted into vitamin A after entering the human body, so patients with liver cancer should eat more vegetables and fruits with more vc.
4. Inorganic salts: namely minerals. Nutritionists divide inorganic salts into two categories: macroelements such as calcium, sodium and potassium; Trace elements such as selenium, zinc and iodine. Scientists have found that minerals such as selenium and iron have anti-cancer effects.
5. Patients with liver cancer often have indigestion symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea and abdominal distension, so they should eat more digestible food.
6. Most patients with advanced liver cancer are in a state of general failure and have difficulty eating. They should give priority to strengthening their body resistance and eating digestible food.
The treatment of patients with liver cancer is more complicated, and they need to rest for a while without hospitalization. Patients can go home to recuperate, which can reduce economic expenses and improve bed turnover rate. Family nursing is an integral part of nursing and a method of non-hospitalization nursing for patients. There are some differences between home nursing and clinical nursing in nursing form and quality. From the perspective of patients, patients will have goodwill and trust, produce feelings of mutual support and interdependence, and improve their quality of life.
(A) the content of home care
1, psychologically comfort patients, patients with liver cancer are irritable and irritable, and their families should understand and be patient.
2. Keep the living environment clean and comfortable, and use convection ventilation indoors.
3. Basic nursing should be "six cleanness" (cleanness of mouth, face, hair, skin of hands and feet, perineum and bed unit), "five prevention" (prevention of bedsore, postural hypotension, respiratory tract infection, sexual intercourse infection and urinary system infection), "three noes" (no feces, no falling bed and no burns) and "one management".
4, medication safety. Take the medicine on time and according to the doctor's advice, and keep the medicine well.
5, health education, guide patients to self-care, correct bad habits, don't smoke, don't drink, improve the ability of self-care, avoid the adverse effects of harmful stressors, and help them keep a balance between body and mind.
6. Encourage patients to participate in normal life, take part in easy work, study moderately, and re-establish their own survival value in work and study.
The folk prescription of liver cancer refers to the method and content of patients adding meals under normal diet. Good and effective diet therapy can play a very good role in patients' physical recovery. Let's explain the remedies for liver cancer:
(1) Lily beverage
Composition: fresh lily 30g.
Usage: Wash fresh lily, put it in a pot, add 500 ml of water, cook with strong fire for 3 minutes, and then cook with slow fire for 30 minutes. Drink it several times and take it continuously.
Efficacy: nourishing yin and clearing heat.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to the type of heat toxin damaging yin, abdominal distension, hot flashes, night sweats, constipation in stool and short and red urine.
(2) Jinhua Luffa Beverage
Composition: honeysuckle 10g, old luffa 20g.
Usage: Wash Flos Lonicerae and Luffa respectively, put them 3minto a pot, add 1000ml of clean water, boil with strong fire for 3 minutes, change water to clean water for 20 minutes, filter residue and take juice, and take it in batches.
Efficacy: clearing away heat and toxic materials, dredging collaterals and relieving pain.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to the type of yin injury caused by heat toxicity, stinging in hypochondriac ribs, dry mouth and heat annoyance.
(3) Crab Yellow hawthorn powder
Composition: 300 grams of crab, 300 grams of hawthorn, and appropriate amount of yellow wine.
Usage: Bake crab and hawthorn together and grind them into fine powder for later use. 15-20g, taken with yellow wine twice a day.
Efficacy: detoxification and blood stasis.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to the type of heat toxin damaging yin, abdominal distension, dizziness, dry stool and dry mouth.
(4) bird's nest tremella lean broth
Composition: 20 grams of bird's nest, 20 grams of tremella, and 50 grams of lean meat.
Usage: Clean the lean meat, cut it into small pieces, put it into a pot, add l000 ml of water, add bird's nest and tremella, boil it with strong fire, remove the foam, add yellow wine and salt, cook it with slow fire for 20 minutes, and then serve after seasoning.
Efficacy: tonify liver and kidney.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to yin deficiency of liver and kidney, tingling in chest and hypochondrium, soreness of waist and knees and emaciation.
(5) Leek juice milk beverage
Ingredients: fresh leek 60g, milk100ml.
Usage: Wash leek, mash it to get juice, mix it with milk, stew it while it is hot, and swallow it slowly while it is hot.
Efficacy: Harmony with injury, nourishing yin, removing blood stasis and relieving pain.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to the type of yin injury caused by heat toxicity, stinging in hypochondriac ribs, dry mouth and heat annoyance.
(B) Bedsore care of liver cancer
Patients with liver cancer are bedridden for a long time, thin and weak, which is easy to cause bedsores.
The causes of bedsore are: ① local pressure friction displacement; ② Ischemic necrosis of local tissue; ③ Local humidity, stimulated by excrement; Four people were malnourished. The main manifestations of bedsore are congestion, redness, rash, blisters, ulceration, local tissue necrosis, even ulceration, and finally invasion of muscle membrane. Muscle. Deep tissues such as bones. Once bedsore occurs, it will not only increase the pain of patients, aggravate the condition and prolong the course of disease, but also endanger life due to sepsis caused by secondary infection. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen basic nursing to prevent bedsore. The presence or absence of bedsore is one of the important criteria to judge the quality of nursing.
(1) nursing goal
1, to prevent the occurrence or deterioration of bedsore.
2, promote the healing of bedsore wounds.
(2) Nursing measures
1, preventing bedsores
(1) prompts the patient to move or move. Patients who can't move, help them turn over, once every 2 hours; Encourage patients with mild activity to exercise in bed or with the help of their families.
(2) Instruct the patient to turn over correctly, and don't drag, so as not to damage the skin by friction.
(3) When lying flat or sedentary for a long time, a small pad should be placed at the apophysis to prevent local oppression, and the heel can be raised with gauze pad.
(4) Massage the bony process with safflower alcohol every day to prevent bedsores.
(5) Protect the skin clean, wipe the skin with warm water every day, and change clothes soiled by excrement and sweat in time. Moisturizing cream can be applied to dry skin.
(6) Water cushion or air cushion bed can be used when necessary.
(7) Give adequate nutrition. Give high protein. People who can't eat a high-calorie diet can use nasal feeding or parenteral nutrition.
2. Promote the healing of bedsore
(1) Primary bedsore: Massage local skin with safflower alcohol twice a day. Use air cushion to overhead the blood stasis part to avoid local recompression and guide patients to stay in bed for exercise.
(2) Stage Ⅱ bedsore; Rubbing the ulcer with mercuric chloride can converge the skin and promote local skin healing. Or cover the broken place with egg film. Those with blisters suck out the liquid in the blisters with sterile syringes, sterilize the needle holes and cover them with sterile gauze.
(3) Stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ bedsore: the wound should be changed. Choose a suitable dressing to cover the wound and apply pressure directly to the wound. To avoid bleeding (poor coagulation function in patients with liver cancer). Dress the wound with oily antibiotics every day and observe the wound healing. If you don't get better within a week, you can cultivate and look for sensitive antibiotics.