For thousands of years, the Buyi people have created a rich and colorful culture and art in their long-term production and life, which has become a precious heritage in the cultural and art treasury of the Chinese nation. The oral literature circulating among the people includes folk songs, stories, myths, fables, proverbs, epigrams and riddles.
The most characteristic folk songs are ancient songs, narrative songs, love songs, wine songs and labor songs, etc.; the form of solo, duet, and singing and singing; the tunes are divided into "big tune", "small tune" two. The "major tune" is used for grand occasions such as weddings and funerals, with a high and generous tone, which is fascinating. "Minor" is in the moonlit night or "catch the table" to talk about love when singing, soft tone, gentle, lively and beautiful.
The opera is famous for its local theater and lanterns, with vivid and beautiful plots. Common dances are weaving dance, lion dance, etc., movement coordination, robust and light. Musical instruments include suona, yueqin, sister xiao, gongs, copper drums and so on. Copper drums are traditional musical instruments that have always been treasured and can only be struck during grand festivals, and must be struck by a ghost master during funerals and rituals.
Arts and crafts are famous for batik, which is pure and simple in color and beautiful in pattern.
Weaving products such as Libo bamboo mats and Pingtang hats are famous in all directions.
Customs
The costumes of the Buyi are characterized by cleanliness and elegance, and solemnity and generosity. Men wear short or long shirts with lapels, and blue or white blue square head scarves. Most of the women wear right lapel tops and pants, or set of lace short coat, or tie flower waist, but also has a large lapel large collar short jacket, and with batik pleated skirt. The festival also wear a variety of silver jewelry.
The Buyei villages are mostly built on the mountains and water or on the river valleys and dams. The "dry bar" building, which is rich in regional characteristics, has the upper floor for living, and the lower floor for keeping livestock and storing firewood.
The Buyei people's marriage is monogamous, and close relatives do not marry, but the popularity of "aunt and uncle cousin marriage".
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Buyei people also practiced the custom of "catching the table". Unmarried men and women can take advantage of festivals, rushing or out of the opportunity to labor, gathered together in the song, the female fancy male? On their own pre-embroidered embroidered ball, thrown to each other, such as male consent, that is to meet to the venue is not far away from the place, singing songs, pouring out love. But in the feudal system, lovers are difficult to form a lifelong partner, before the founding of the country to enter into marriage must be the right family, heavy bride price. The early marriage arranged by the parents called "back with the pro".
Some areas of the Buyei people also prevalent in the "turn house" marriage system. Popular "not fall husband's home". Or "seat home" custom.
The Buyei funeral in recent times, the implementation of coffin burial, must ask the sorcerer to open the way, there are cut cattle to do fasting over the dead, known as the "playing Ga".
Religious beliefs and important festivals
Before the founding of the country, the general belief in ghosts and gods, worship ancestors. There were also Catholics and Christians.
In addition to the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, there are also the "April 8" and "June 6" festivals.
"April 8" is also known as the "Cow King Festival", which involves steaming glutinous rice to offer to ancestors and to give food to cows, and letting them lie fallow for a day.
"June 6" is a grand festival of the Buyi people, second only to the Spring Festival, the Buyi language called "more will". People give it a variety of myths and legends, and in some areas it is said to be a festival to commemorate the leader of the Buyei uprising.
Names and Characteristics of the Buyei 20 points Buyei - Brief Introduction
The Buyei*** have more than 2.545 million people and are a large ethnic minority in southwestern China. 95% of them reside in the two autonomous prefectures of Qi'nan and Qi'xi'nan in Guizhou Province, the autonomous prefectures of Zhenning, Guanling, and Ziyun, and the three districts of Bijie, Zunyi, and Qiandongnan (states). In Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and other provinces (regions), there are also a small number of Buyei living, but are historically migrated from Guizhou.
The mountainous areas where the Buyei live are characterized by beautiful scenery, rich natural resources, and many scenic spots and monuments. Guiyang City, 17 kilometers south of the suburb of "Huaxi", is a pearl of the Guizhou plateau. The environment there is fresh, the water quality is sweet, the air is clean, the mountain flowers along the way, the scenery is picturesque, is a famous tourist area. Buyei Lake Chiuzhai is located in the upper reaches of Huaxi, next to a gold and silver pool, the pool is deep, the spring springs half light green, half gold, the legend says that it is because of the immortal's golden bell fell into the deep pool.
Buyei culture and art is colorful. Traditional dances are "copper drum dance", "weaving dance", "lion dance", "sugar bag dance" and so on. Traditional musical instruments include suona, moon zither, cave xiao, wooden leaf, flute and so on. Ground Opera and Lantern Drama are the favorite dramas of the Buyi people. The Buyi are mainly agricultural, mainly growing rice. The Buyei cloth woven by the farmers themselves has been famous for a long time. In recent years, enterprises specializing in the production of Buyi brocade, batik cloth and ethnic craft clothing have been established, and their products are exported to Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe and the United States.
Buyei--History
The Buyei people are related to the Zhuang people and are a part of the ancient Baiyue people. Nowadays, the Buyi people still retain some customs and habits of the ancient Yue people, such as living in dry-fence houses and playing copper drums, etc. It is also believed that the Buyi people had their own customs and habits during the Western Han Dynasty. It is also believed that the Yelang Kingdom in the Western Han Dynasty had a relationship with the present-day Buyi people. Some of the Buyi people call themselves "Buyi" and "Buyei", while some of them call themselves "Buyei" and "Buman". "After the founding of New China, according to the self-proclaimed name of this ethnic group, they unified to use "Buyi" as their ethnic name. Buyei area more river valleys and flat dams, beautiful scenery, world-famous, spectacular Huangguoshu Falls in the Buyei people inhabited areas. Cultural relics unearthed in the Buyei area show that the Buyei are an ancient agricultural people who planted rice. The Buyei people are dexterous, and the batik cloth they make has a long history and beautiful patterns, which are renowned as crafts and collectibles at home and abroad.
Buyei--Rituals
The Buyei people are hospitable, warm, generous, sincere, wherever they come to the cottage, friends and relatives, old friends, strangers, all will be treated with wine. Buyi people are very polite, do not welcome foul-mouthed, rude guests.
Buyei - festivals
Buyei traditional festivals in addition to the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, there are "February 2", "March 3", "April 8 ", "Cow King Festival", etc., the grandest festival is the lunar calendar "June 6".
Jumping Flower Festival: Every year on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar to the twenty-first mouth of the Buyei jumping flower will be held. Every festival, the little girls are dressed in colorful lace clothes, locking the very good-looking disk flower buttons, young men wearing lapel shirts, tied with a bearded belt, blowing the wood leaves, a face full of spring breeze. Warm-hearted a sister for the boys to hold the horse, from five villages and eight cottages, from the invisible halfway up the mountain, rushed to jump flowers will be the location, that is a large flat meadow, next to a clear river, north is full of flower buds of the tung forest. There were people shouting and horses neighing, laughing and clamoring, at least a few thousand people. Cowhide drums thundered through the valley, sometimes fast, sometimes slow, sometimes suppressed, sometimes raised, coupled with the clanging cymbals, intoxicating! On the field, a group of young men and women at this time, there a bunch, dancing, singing ancient songs, singing beautifully, dancing lightly, sitting on the riverbank blowing "Leyou", playing the moon zither, blowing wood leaves, talking about love of young people, a pair of river water like bright eyes, expressed to each other a warm love, the reflection of the shaking, but also a flavor. Immediately adjacent to the edge of the tung forest, built a stage. There in the performance of wonderful Buyei opera, inside the colorful, the whole lawn is full of cheerful, happy atmosphere. They sang and danced, unknowingly the sun fell to the back of the slope, the evening sunshine spread on the buds of the Tonglin, people reluctantly mounted their horses, one after another, left the lawn.
Jumping flowers will be young boys and girls bridge will be, they sowed love on the grass dam, to the last day of the festival that is the twenty-first (called "combined"), announced the end of the annual jumping flowers. The 22nd is the "sheep" day, meaning engagement, young people to "sheep" to go home (bring the girl back to the blind date), to see the man's family, in order to decide their own life-long event. On this day, many young men have gone to the grass dam to put the future ...... >>
Buyei have any character traits? Indigenous people, generally two meals a day, three meals when busy. Favorite dog meat, cold dishes, pickles and sour soup. They are good at making pickles, cured meat and black beans. Every year, every family brews a large amount of rice wine. The Buyei Wax Geng has been famous for a long time. Unmarried young men and women from all over the world freely combine with three, five to seven or eight people to talk or express their feelings through talking, laughing and singing. Buyei people hospitable, warm, generous, sincere
What are the characteristics and types of Buyei clothing Buyei men and women like to wear blue, green, black, white and other colors Buyei dress cloth clothes. Young and middle-aged men are often wrapped in a turban, wearing a lapel short coat (or a large lapel long coat) and long pants. Most of the elderly wear short or long shirt with lapel.
Women's clothing varies from place to place, some wear blue and black pleated long skirt, some like embroidery on the clothes, some like to use a white towel to wrap the head with silver bracelets, earrings, collars and other ornaments. Huishui, Changshun area women wear large lapel short jacket and pants, Department of embroidered bibs, head wrapped in home weaving gingham wrapped handkerchiefs. The girls around Huaxi are adorned with "railing" on their clothes and pants, tie a girdle, wear a bandana, and have their hair plaited and pressed on the bandana. Zhenning Biantanshan area women's upper garment for the large lapel short coat, the lower garment pleated skirt, the upper collar, plate shoulder, sleeves are set with "railing" (i.e., lace), the skirt material is mostly with a white background and blue flowers of the batik cloth, they are accustomed to wear a few skirts at a time set, tie a black lace waistband. Before marriage, their heads were plaited and they wore knotted headscarves; after marriage, they changed to wearing false shells made of green cloth and bamboo shoot shells. The Buyi women in Luodian and Wangmu wear short blouses with big lapels and wide sleeves and long pants. Women in Molong and Huaxi wear knee-length short tops and pants with large lapels, laces on the lapels, necklines and trouser legs, and waistbands embroidered with floral motifs; most of their heads are wrapped with green lattice headbands, and some of them wear embroidered shoes with thin pointed tips pointing upwards, while others wear fine-arsed straw sandals. Duyun, Dushan, Anlong and other counties in some areas of the Buyi women's clothing and Han Chinese women are basically the same. Buyi women like to wear silver bracelets or bone bracelets, rings, silver hairpins, collars and other jewelry.
Buyei clothing fabrics are mostly self-weaving and self-dyeing cloth, white cloth, color woven cloth. The color woven cloth is mostly lattice, stripes, plum blossoms, spicy flowers, peppers, fish spines and other patterns, up to more than two hundred kinds. Costume colors are mostly green-blue background with multi-color pattern, red, yellow, blue, white, etc., that is, solemn and generous, but also novel and chic. Reflected his stand pure and simple, kind, gentle and enthusiastic character.
What are the characteristics of Buyei clothing Buyei men and women like to wear blue, green, black, white and other colors Buyei dress cloth clothes. Young and middle-aged men are mostly wrapped in headscarves, wearing lapel short clothes (or big lapel long clothes) and long pants. Most of the elderly wear short or long shirt with lapel.
Women's clothing varies from place to place, some wear blue and black pleated long skirt, some like embroidery on the clothes, some like to use a white towel to wrap the head with silver bracelets, earrings, collars and other ornaments. Huishui, Changshun area women wear large lapel short jacket and pants, Department of embroidered bibs, head wrapped in home weaving gingham wrapped handkerchiefs. The girls around Huaxi are adorned with "railing" on their clothes and pants, tie a girdle, wear a bandana, and have their hair plaited and pressed on the bandana. Zhenning Biantanshan area women's upper garment for the large lapel short coat, the lower garment pleated skirt, the upper collar, plate shoulder, sleeves are set with "railing" (i.e., lace), the skirt material is mostly with a white background and blue flowers of the batik cloth, they are accustomed to wear a few skirts at a time sets, tied a black lace waistband. Before marriage, their heads were plaited and they wore knotted headscarves; after marriage, they changed to wearing false shells made of green cloth and bamboo shoot shells. The Buyi women in Luodian and Wangmu wear short blouses with big lapels and wide sleeves and long pants. Women in Molong and Huaxi wear knee-length short tops and pants with large lapels, laces on the lapels, necklines and trouser legs, and waistbands embroidered with floral motifs; most of their heads are wrapped with green lattice headbands, and some of them wear embroidered shoes with thin pointed tips pointing upwards, while others wear fine-arsed straw sandals. Duyun, Dushan, Anlong and other counties in some areas of the Buyi women's clothing and Han Chinese women are basically the same. Buyi women like to wear silver bracelets or bone bracelets, rings, silver hairpins, collars and other jewelry.
Buyei clothing fabrics are mostly self-weaving and self-dyeing cloth, white cloth, color woven cloth. The color woven cloth is mostly lattice, stripes, plum blossoms, spicy flowers, peppers, fish spines and other patterns, up to more than two hundred kinds. Costume colors are mostly green-blue background with multi-color patterns, red, yellow, blue, white, etc., that is, solemn and generous, but also novel and chic. Reflecting their simple, kind, gentle and warm character.
Buyei residential characteristics Buyei
Buyei, one of China's ethnic minorities. There are 254,505,059 of them, including more than 2 million in Guizhou Province, accounting for more than 95% of the population of the Buyi. They mainly live in Qiannan and Qianxinan, the two autonomous prefectures of the Buyi Miao nationality, as well as Duyun, Dushan, Pingtang, Zhenning and other 10 counties (cities) in Guizhou. The rest are scattered in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and other provinces (regions).
The Buyei region has green mountains and water, and colorful natural scenery. The famous Huangguoshu Waterfalls, Guiyang Huaxi, Anshun "Dragon Palace" cave, Panjiang Iron Bridge and other dozens of tourist attractions, meet thousands of tourists every year. In addition to tourism resources, wildlife resources and mineral resources are also very rich.
The Buyei people are mainly agricultural, and have a long history of growing rice. The Hongshui River Basin is also one of the most important forest areas in China.
The Buyi are the indigenous inhabitants of the southeastern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and have been laboring and living here since the Stone Age. The Buyei people have a relationship with the ancient "Bong", "Baiyue", "Bai Pu". In the Tang Dynasty, they were called "Southwest Barbarians", and after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, they were called "Tombs" and "Zhongjia Barbarians", and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they were called "Zhong Barbarians". After the founding of New China, collectively known as the Buyi.
The Buyei language belongs to the Zhuang-Dai branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and there is no written language of this ethnic group.
In the 1950s, the Buyei language was created, but it was not universally promoted, and now there are many more common Chinese characters.
Since the Song Dynasty, the Buyei people have resisted the exploitation and oppression of the feudal ruling class of the peasants' struggle, in modern history, and against foreign churches, resistance to Japanese imperialism and *** reactionary struggle, is a glorious revolutionary tradition of the nation.
Mountain waterfront slate house
The Buyei people live in a remarkable feature is that they live in the mountains along the water. Most of the dwellings are dry-rail type buildings or half of the building (the front half of the front is a building, the back half of the back is a cottage) type of slate houses. Zhenning, Guizhou, Anshun and other Buyei areas are rich in high-quality stone, and there can be layer by layer to uncover the basic uniformity of the thin and thick flat slabs, this thin slice of stone from the water into shale. Local Buyei people to adapt to local conditions, local materials, with stone to build a block of stone houses with national characteristics. Slate house with stone or stone block wall, the wall can be built to five or six meters high; to slate roof, paved into a neat rhombus or with the material paved into the scale pattern, stone dwellings are not only impervious to the wind and rain, but also simple and beautiful, the roof is heavy, live in peace and is not depressing. In short, in addition to the sandalwood rafters are wood, the rest are all stone, and even the daily use of family tables, stools, stoves, bowls, pestles, mills, grooves, tanks, pots and so on, are stone chiseling. Everything is simple and honest. This house is warm in winter and cool in summer, moisture-proof and fireproof, only poor lighting.
Zhenning Buyi Hmong Autonomous County seat of the town of Chengguan, the vast majority of houses are built of stone, three or four layers of stone buildings there are dozens of buildings. Because the stone is light gray-white, processed more crystalline, so look at Zhenning during the day, the silver light flashes; moonlit night look at Zhenning, condensing frost cover snow. For this reason, the ancient "silver Zhenning", commonly known as "silver Zhenning" reputation. The town's stone building, a long history of more than 600 years of wind and rain, so it can be called both solidified music, but also as an immortal epic.
The Buyei people have a lot to say about building houses. First of all, we should ask Mr. Yin and Yang to look at the "feng shui", choose to make the base of the house by the mountain and the water, not only to the back of the mountains, but also to face the Bifeng. The best mountain is "crouching lion arching", "green dragon guard", "nobleman riding" and other mountains; to the mountain to choose "two dragons grabbing treasure "," Double Dragon Playing with Pearls "," Ten Thousand Horses to the trough "," Longevity Star " and other forms. Good in the Buyei area is mostly limestone mountains, this kind of mountains is not difficult to find. To build a house, you need to choose an auspicious day, and one month before the auspicious day, you need to ask a carpenter to break the material to make a house frame. On the auspicious day of the erection of the frame, we should offer sacrifices to Master Lu Ban. Room frame erected, the father-in-law's family to send the beam, the beam tied with red silk tied to the large flowers, and there are bands and lion dance team firecrackers accompanied. At the time of the beam, songs and dances, rituals and banquets are held. Finally, the ancestors' tablets and the God of the Stove (charcoal fire) are taken to the new house. The whole process of building a new house is full of festivities and mutual support in the Buyei villages.
Batik craft is famous.
Batik of the Buyi people has long been famous. As early as in the Song Dynasty, there are records of Guizhou Huishui specialty batik cloth. Qing Dynasty history books said "blue and white cloth", is the batik cloth. Buyi girls start to learn batik technique from their mothers when they are 12 or 13 years old. First, the beeswax is heated and melted into wax juice, then a triangular copper wax knife is dipped into the wax juice, and all kinds of beautiful and vivid patterns are carefully drawn on the self-woven white cloth, which is then put into an indigo tank and dyed blue or light blue, and then the cloth is finally put into a pot to boil off the beeswax, and then fished out into the river to be repeatedly swept, dried, and then it is turned into the unique batik handicrafts.
Made of batik fabric, rich and simple pattern, painting lively and bold, and ...... >>
What are the characteristics of the Buyei architecture Online information for reference
Buyei Architecture
Buyei like to rely on the mountains and the water to gather the tribe and live, usually a dozen or dozens of households for a cottage, there are hundreds of households to hundreds of households. The Buyei people's houses are similar to the Dai bamboo buildings, but the main structure is made of wood, and there are "dry-rail" buildings, cottages and slate houses, the most special is the slate house. The "dry bar" style is a 3-bedroom, 3-story bamboo and wood structure. The bottom floor is not walled, with wood for fences, livestock, the middle layer of bamboo with Fengtai Zhaiza around, used to live; the upper layer of the pile of miscellaneous goods. The side of the house with a bamboo balcony, straight through the floor, can be cool, sunshine. It is called "hanging foot tower".
Habitat
The Buyei are used to living near the water, and their villages are located on the hillside, surrounded by dense bamboo forests or fengshui trees. In front of the village, there are fields, rivers and streams surrounded by willows, a beautiful idyllic scenery. Inside the walled village, there are many clans living with the same family name. Those who live in the flat dam, most of them have short-walled courtyards, and those who live in the mountainous areas are restricted by the terrain, and their houses are built on the mountains. The buildings are superimposed, and some of them are built as "footstools" with the front half as buildings and the back half as cottages, which is the continuation of the historical "dry-rail building". Buyei people living in different areas, their homes are not the same. From the shape, there are pole and rail buildings, footstools, there are also cottages; on the material, there are wooden structures, wood and stone structures, earth and wood structures, there are also stone masonry ......
Slate houses are generally 3, there are now 5, but it must be a singular, the folk believe that the singular belongs to the yang, which is for those who live in the sun. For those who live in the Yang, can live and work in peace and prosperity for generations. The layout of the slate house, the bigger one in the middle is the hall, which is the activity center of the whole family, the place for eating, treating guests, resting and doing batik for women. The houses on both sides are the bedrooms and kitchen. In the center of the hall there is a shrine for the ancestors, and the left and right sides are separated into a stove room, a sleeping room and a guest room. There is a fire pit inside the house for the family to gather warmth for cooking. Houses built with wood, roof tiles, some cover thatch or straw; Anshun, Zhenning, Guanling, Puding and Liuzhi area, due to the real estate stone, housing from the foundation to the wall are built with stone, the roof is also covered with stone slabs, commonly known as "slate house". Together with the stone wall of the cottage and the top of the stone fortress, forming a typical stone building complex. Such as the stone cottage in Biantan Mountain, all the houses are arranged along the contour. All the houses are arranged along the contour, and all the houses and walls, ancient castles, passages inside the fortress, as well as flat bridges across the rivers, arch bridges, terraces, and so on, are built with stones. Even household utensils, such as pestles, mills, bowls, troughs, tanks, etc., all away from a "stone" word. Can be called "stone kingdom", showing that the Buyei people craftsmanship, craftsmanship, good at taking materials from the local ingenuity.
Slate house
The Buyei people live in a dry-rail building or half of the building (the front half of the front to see is the building, the back half of the back to see is the square) type of slate house. Guizhou's Zhenning, Anshun and other Buyei areas abound in high-quality stone, the local Buyei people in accordance with local conditions, local materials, stone repair out of a block of slate houses with national characteristics.
The slate house with stone or stone block wall, the wall can be built to 5 to 6 meters high; to the top of the slate cover, the wind and rain. In short, in addition to purlins, rafters are wood, the rest are all stone, and even household tables, stools, stoves, bowls are stone chiseled. Everything is simple and unadorned, solid as gold. This kind of house is warm in winter and cool in summer, damp-proof fire, just poor lighting.
Buyei village
Often built on flat dams, river valleys or mountains along the water, very few away from the rivers and streams and living. Therefore, there is a "high mountain Miao people water Zhongjia" proverb, and "Buyei water township" of the name. The village is surrounded by dense Fengshui forest and bamboo forests, embellished with tall banana trees, pleasant scenery, generally dozens of households to hundreds of households for a village, usually a few families or a few family names gathered and living, single-family scattered very few.
The Buyei people have a lot to say about building houses
First of all, we should ask Mr. Yin and Yang to look at the "feng shui", and choose a place where the house is based on the mountain and the water, not only backing up to the green mountain, but also facing the Bifeng. The best mountain is "crouching lions", "green dragon", "nobleman riding" and other mountain potential; to the mountain to choose "two dragons grabbing treasure "," Double Dragon Playing with Pearls "," Ten Thousand Horses to the trough "," Longevity Star " and other forms. Good in the Buyei area is mostly limestone mountains, this kind of mountains is not difficult to find. To build a house, you need to choose an auspicious day, and one month before the auspicious day, you need to ask a carpenter to break the material to make a house frame. On the auspicious day of the erection of the frame, we should offer sacrifices to Master Lu Ban. Room frame erected, the father-in-law's family to send the beam, the beam tied with red silk tied to the large flowers, and there are bands and lion dance team firecrackers accompanied. At the time of the beam, songs and dances, rituals and banquets are held. Finally, the ancestors' tablets and the God of the Stove (charcoal fire) are taken to the new house. The whole process of building a new house is full of festivities and mutual support in the Buyei villages.
Features of Buyei architecture in various regions
The Buyei of Zhenning and Anshun in Guizhou ...... >>