Huaibei ancient painting drama is a kind of drama developed on the basis of folk songs and dances in Huaibei area, Anhui Province. It originated in Huaibei area, where the actor played with the flower drum on his back and the band played with the flower drum as the main music, so it was called Huaibei ancient painting drama. Popular in northern Anhui and the border areas of Anhui, Henan, Jiangsu and Shandong, it can be roughly divided into North Road (Xuzhou, Cao Zhou, Dangshan, Xiaoxian, Kaifeng and Pixian), Middle Road (Suxian, Lingbi, Sihong, Yang Guo, Mengcheng and Fuyang) and South Road (Bengbu, Huainan and Shouxian). The original form of Huaibei ancient painting drama is folk small song and dance. Working people amuse themselves in their leisure time, and sometimes these folk songs are accompanied by dances. These dances are based on the content of folk songs and imitate the movements in production and life. Later, some folk acrobatics were absorbed in the dance, such as "four doors and eight forks" and "topping people", which made the dance more active and attractive. At the same time, some short stories with story lines were compiled and sung, such as the Three Kingdoms in The West Chamber, which gradually changed from singing short paragraphs to singing long paragraphs, from singing by one person to performing by two people (once a clown was played by one person). Later, through the long-term practice of ancient painters and operas, they changed the story of singing in content, began to sing series, increased the number of actors, and gradually improved their singing and performing arts. After liberation, they reached a colorful and increasingly perfect level.
There are two kinds of ancient paintings in Huaibei, among which there are more than 70 kinds of traditional operas, such as "Wang Xiao Catches Feet", "Four Treasures of the Study" and "Garden Party". The content mostly reflects the life, labor, habits and character of the people at that time, using the simple language of the local people and having a strong local flavor.
Generally speaking, the aria of Huaibei ancient painting drama can be divided into two categories. One is the special tune used for "Eight Sentences" and solo, such as "peddler section", "West Chamber section" and "Black donkey section", with beautiful melody, symmetrical upper and lower sentences and tight organization; The other kind is the board tune used in the original play, such as "flat plate" and "cold plate". Strong narrative, flexible change and strong expressive force.
The performance art of Huaibei ancient painting drama has its own unique style, no matter its characters, movements, eyes and so on. It can vividly show the bold, enthusiastic and strong personality characteristics of Huaibei working people, rough, unrestrained, simple and humorous. The newly arranged traditional play "Touching the Sedan" was made into a film and was well received by the audience.
The predecessor of Beijing Opera-Hui Opera
Hui Opera originated from the "Hui Wing Elegant Tune" in Ming Dynasty. During Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, Yiyang dialect in Jiangxi spread to Qingyang, Guichi and other places in Anhui, and was combined with folk tunes loved by local people. On the basis of absorbing Yiyang Opera, Huizhou artists have created new operas and formed Huizhou Opera and Qingyang Opera with local characteristics. Qingyang tune, influenced by folk ballads and Kunqu opera, became the predecessor of Huizhou opera. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Hui Opera was formed, and now it is called Hui Opera.
It is characterized by rolling singing, which not only gives the characters in the opera a broad space to pour out their inner feelings of anguish and anger, but also is narrative. The main accents are Chuiqiang, Siping, Tizi and Huanger, but also Xipi, Gaoqiang, Kunqu, Kunyi and Huaqiang minor. He has many plays and is good at acting historical plays. Rich in musical tunes and playing skills. In the middle of Qing dynasty, it spread widely and had a far-reaching influence on many operas in the south. Anhui opera is popular all over the country, forming a perfect drama with equal emphasis on singing, reading, doing and acting. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, famous artists Gao Langting and Hao Tianshou brought Huizhou Opera to Yangzhou to perform. At that time, Yangzhou was one of the national cultural centers and the concentrated place of "Flower Department", but it was quickly submerged by the exquisite Huizhou opera. At that time, there were as many as 47 class clubs in Huizhou, among which Da Shouchun had more than 180 artists. The main Huizhou classes are
Lao Qingsheng is the originator of Huiban, with strong team, strict articles of association, complete business and huge lineup. LaoYangchun is good at Kunqu opera, and XinYangchun is relatively old-fashioned. There are 28 boxes, 72 artists and 30 net towels in the class, and more than 200 performances are often performed. Zhuang's class club, which is mainly yellow-skinned voice. Cai Qingban is famous for his performance of "Caitou".
Emperor Qianlong celebrated his eightieth birthday in Chuntai class, which went to Beijing to offer his birthday. Because of his superb skills, he was known as one of the "Four Classes in Huizhou".
The birthday celebration class has outstanding skills and is known as one of the "four major classes in Huizhou" outside Beijing.
Cai Qingban was funded by many businessmen in Huicheng and gathered by celebrities. On March 3rd every year, the class will attend the "Saibao Fair" in Huizhou and the big gathering in the four townships.
Phoenix Dance Class was founded in 15, and it is also called "New Four Huizhou Class" with Xin Caiqing, Er Yangchun and Ke Changchun.
In the fifty-five years of Qianlong, Gaolangting was once again brought to Beijing and was welcomed by the audience in Beijing. Then, it caused Sixi, Chuntai, Hechun and other Hui classes to enter Beijing. Shortly after Anhui Opera entered Beijing, Han Opera also entered Beijing, and Anhui Opera absorbed Xipi from Han Opera, further enriching and developing its own voice. Since then, Huizhou Opera has not only entered the court and shocked the capital, but also spread widely, affecting the whole country. It took root in the north, gradually absorbed the Beijing dialect in the north, and its high-pitched tune was combined with the northern language to develop into Beijing opera. It also had a far-reaching impact on Southern Opera. Jiangxi's Gan Opera, Sichuan's Sichuan Opera, Guangdong's Cantonese Opera, Guangxi's Gui Opera and Yunnan's Yunnan Opera are all influenced by Huizhou Opera to varying degrees. Cheng Changgeng, an old artist, is an outstanding representative of the performing arts of Huizhou Opera and has made outstanding contributions to the performing arts of Huizhou Opera. Cheng Changgeng was born in Anhui Buried Hill. He combines emblem sound, Beijing sound and Chu sound, refining and innovating, becoming an outstanding family. For Anhui opera, he played a connecting role, and for Beijing opera, he played a connecting role. Therefore, he became the founder of Beijing Opera. The performing arts of Anhui Opera are rich and colorful. It pays attention to Taiwan and Taiwan martial arts, the sculptural beauty of figures and looks, the shaping of figures and the style of pictures. Platform and Gao Tai Wushu are the most prominent Anhui operas. Platforms such as "single kick with one foot", "single kick with fork legs", "knife gate" and "flying fork" are extremely thrilling. As for Gao Tai Wushu, it is even more dangerous. The average actor has to turn over three tables, and some have to turn over seven tables. The characters in Anhui Opera are very artistic. Anhui opera pays attention to collective performance, and when necessary, all the songs dance together, which is magnificent and lively. There are many Anhui operas, including 1404. Because of its long history, most of them are manuscripts, and many books have been lost. After liberation, after excavation and sorting out, the representative plays rich in the characteristics of Huizhou opera include Bao, Joe's Marriage, Electric Horse, and Flooded Seven Armies.
Luxi opera
Lu Opera, formerly known as "Daoqi Opera", was renamed after liberation. Popular in central and western Anhui, with a population of10 million, it is the largest drama in the province. The origin of Lu Opera is relatively early. It is said that there were professional mobile class clubs during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Based on the folk songs in Dabie Mountain and the songs and dances between Jianghuai and Jianghuai, it absorbed the vocals and repertoires of Duangong Opera, Haizi Opera and Menge, and gradually developed into a local opera with unified style and bright colors. There are several obvious characteristics in the singing of Lu Opera. First, the melody sung in falsetto appears constantly in singing, which is called whispering. The second is to help the stage in singing, that is, when the actors on the stage sing to a certain extent, the actors on the scene and backstage sing in unison, with a loud and vast voice, which sets off the plot and renders the stage atmosphere. It has a strong local flavor and distinctive style. Lu Opera has more than 200 repertoires. Borrow Luo Yi, learn money, and take lilacs, which impressed the audience deeply. Most of the scripts are based on historical legends circulated by the people or folk legends that reflect people's lives. The language is easy to understand, fresh and vivid. The performance of Lu Opera is simple and lively, simple and true. Percussion is very rich, almost a set of gongs and drums. Its figure dance is also carried out in the sound of gongs and drums when singing. You usually stand and sing, and then make some small facial expressions. After singing for a while, you can dance with percussion instruments. Dance absorbs folk flower drum lanterns, early boat dances and other forms, with novel style and beautiful posture.