When Song was a child, he and his brother answered the phone and studied in a family school run by his uncle. Song Heqing has been a scholar in Qin Long for three years (1569). Zhejiang Anji granted Tongzhi and Guangxi Liuzhou was sentenced. A few days later, he resigned and returned to Li, where he established an education. Song studied at home with his uncle Song Guozuo and later with the newly-built Juren Deng (1558- 1638). Song was clever since childhood, and he memorized "how old he can rhyme" (writing poems), and he never forgets anything, which was deeply loved by teachers and elders. A little longer, he was admitted to the county school as a student, familiar with the classics, and a hundred schools of thought contended. In the Song Dynasty, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, Zhou Dunyi, Zhu and Zhang Zai were the four great masters, and he advocated Zhang Zai alone and accepted the materialistic view of nature. He is very interested in astronomy, acoustics, agriculture and technological manufacturing, and has read Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica (1596) and other books. Besides, I like music and poetry. He often goes to the scenic spots in this county with his classmates and friends, urging each other to write poems, encouraging each other and chatting about what's going on in the world. In the forty-third year of Wanli (16 15), Song and his brother should be promoted to Nanchang, the provincial capital, to take the compulsory subject after having obtained the rural examination. Among more than 10,000 candidates, 29-year-old Song won the third place in the province, and his brother ranked sixth. Among all the students in Fengxin, only their brothers are among them, so they are called "Fengxin Ersong".
Encouraged by the success of the rural examination, the Song brothers went to the capital (now Beijing) that autumn to take the Chen Bing exam next year, but they failed to go to Sun Shan. They decided to try again next time. In order to prepare for the exam, Song Yingsheng, Song and others went to the ancient Bailudong Academy in Jiujiang, Jiangxi for further study. At that time, Shu (1558- 1636) was a famous scholar and the owner of the cave. Shu Rijing, who is straightforward and nicknamed Jieshi, was introduced to Song, a native of Nanchang. He was a scholar in the 20th year of Wanli (1592) and was an accomplished educator. "Once, he was very famous, very famous." The forty-seventh year of Wanli (16 19) was the last year of Zongshen's administration. Song's brother and other candidates from Jiangxi met in Beijing, but the two brothers still didn't arrive. Later, I tried again in the Apocalypse and the early years of Chongzhen, all of which failed, and then I gave up the idea of imperial examination.
County learning guidance
In the fourth year of Chongzhen (163 1), Song Yingsheng was selected by the official department as the magistrate of Tongxiang County, Zhejiang Province, and Song returned to his hometown to serve his mother. In the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), Song was appointed as a scholar in Fenyi County, Yuanzhou. Professors and students are inexperienced faculty members. That year, his brother Song Yingsheng was transferred to Enping County, Zhaoqing District, Guangdong Province. Because of his political achievements, he was sealed as a writer. Song Ying Xing taught in Fenyi County for four years, which was an important stage in his life, because all his major works were published during this period.
Official career life
In the 11th year of Chongzhen (1638), Song Fenyi was promoted to the official position of Tingzhou Prefecture in Fujian after his term of office expired. He is an official under the provincial observer, in charge of a prison, commonly known as the execution hall, also known as the manager. Before his term of office expired, he resigned in the 13th year of Chongzhen (1640) and surrendered to Li. In the 16th year (1643), Ren Nanzhi (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province) was well-known in Fengyang Prefecture (Zhengwupin). However, at this time, he is worth the death of the Ming Dynasty. After Song Yingxing came to power, the country was destroyed by the war and there was no place to go to worship, so many officials fled. After several efforts to rebuild, he made it take shape and donated money to set up a college in the city. At the beginning of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Song resigned and returned to Fengxin. In March of that year, Li Zicheng's army captured the capital and the Ming Dynasty perished. In April, the Qing soldiers entered the customs, established the capital, and the Song Dynasty perished. In May of Shen Jianian, the first year of Hong Guang, Axe King established Nanming regime in Nanjing. In the Southern Ming Dynasty, Song was recommended as the Governor of Chuhe River and Nanrui (a kind of regional governor between provinces and states), but Song resigned. Before the death of Ming Chengzu, Song Yingsheng had been promoted to the magistrate of Guangzhou. After the death of Ming Chengzu, he had no intention of falling in love with officials, so he returned to Li.
Old age life
The brothers of the Song Dynasty pinned their hopes on Nan Ming, but this regime was dominated by eunuch Ruan Dacheng and ruled out Zhongliang, and the regime soon perished. Qing soldiers went south to take Jiangxi, and Song Yingsheng was poisoned on 1646. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, Song lived in seclusion, lived in poverty and refused to be an official. He died in the fifth year of Kangxi (1666) at the age of 80.
Pan Jixing, 1. Biography of Ancient Scientists in China (Part Two): Science Press, 1993: 954-965.
Some works
In addition to excelling in nature and creating things, Song also wrote ten kinds of words, most of which have been lost. Later, four lost versions of Song's works were found in Jiangxi: Ye Yiben, Lun Qiben, Ben and Si Ben. Ye Yi is a work on current affairs, which exposes and criticizes the corruption in politics, economy, military affairs, ideology and culture in the late Ming Dynasty, and puts forward some reform ideas. Compassion poems include ten beautiful poems and forty-two pity poems, which reflect the author's feelings of cynicism and love for the people. On Qi and Talking about Heaven are both works about natural science. Judging from the titles of these two articles, they are probably some chapters in Ten Languages.
The value of the work
His works have precious historical and scientific value. For example, in Hardware, Song was the first scientist in the world to discuss zinc and copper-zinc alloy (brass) scientifically. He clearly pointed out that zinc is a new metal and recorded its smelting method for the first time. This is one of the important achievements in the history of ancient metal smelting in China. China has long been the only country in the world that can smelt zinc on a large scale. The method of extracting brass with zinc instead of zinc compound (calamine) in Song Dynasty is the earliest record of obtaining brass by direct melting of copper and zinc in human history.
In particular, Song paid attention to discovering essence from common phenomena and made some achievements in natural science theory.
First of all, in biology, he recorded the case of farmers cultivating new varieties of rice and barley in Wu Kai of Tiangong, studied the influence of soil, climate and cultivation methods on the variety change of crops, and noticed the variation caused by the hybridization of different varieties of silkworm moths, indicating that the variety characteristics of animals and plants can be changed through human efforts, and obtained the scientific view that "soil veins change at any time, and species are divided by water and soil".
In physics, the newly discovered book Qi and Qi Sound is an outstanding chapter in acoustics. Through the concrete analysis of various sounds, the Song Dynasty studied the law of sound generation and propagation, and put forward the concept that sound is air waves.
Pan Jixing, 1. Biography of Ancient Scientists in China (Part Two): Science Press, 1993: 954-965.
Song Yingxing Park.
Song Park is located in Fenghuang Mountain and Guishan Mountain in Fengxin County, in Songbu Town and Fengtian Economic Development Zone, the hometown of the famous scientist Song in the late Ming Dynasty. It covers an area of 1 0,000 mu, and has invested10.5 million yuan for scenic spots and infrastructure construction. The park has superior natural conditions and beautiful environment. The main scenic spots planned are: central square area, Song Memorial Hall, agricultural demonstration area, nursery farmhouse area, ancient folk sports exhibition and entertainment area, villa fishing and leisure resort and other scenic spots.
Song Yingxing Memorial Hall
Opening of Song Memorial Hall1987165438+10/0. It is an important popular science base and patriotic education base in Jiangxi Province. The new building is a traditional garden building, with bamboo walls and grey tiles, carved eaves and overlapping arches, which is simple and elegant and quite ethnic. The whole pavilion consists of three parts: the main pavilion, the Tiangong Pavilion and the Wu Kai Pavilion. With a large number of historical documents, physical books and exquisite models, the exhibition hall of the main museum introduces the life story of Song Dynasty, the science and technology of Ming Dynasty, the social and historical background, the writings and thoughts of Song Dynasty, the important scientific and technological achievements of Song Dynasty and their influence on the domestic and international nature, and vividly reproduces the present situation and advanced technology of agricultural and handicraft production in China more than 400 years ago. The Tiangong Pavilion and the Wu Kai Pavilion vividly demonstrated the production process of the book "Tiangong Wu Kai" from agriculture to handicraft industry by using high-tech means. The original museum has been demolished. In 2003, the Song Ying Xing Memorial Hall was newly built. The new site of the memorial hall is located in Song Park and Fengtian Industrial Park, an agricultural science and technology demonstration park.
1, from Fengxin County * * *
2. Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology