1, a hundred years old alley - crotch street
A street, is a piece of history, and Tianyi Street is buried in how much of the rise and fall of the matter, only you personally knocked on the door of the history of this street will know. Originally, Tianyi Street, formerly known as Crotch Street, when one of the oldest streets in Harbin, because this is the birthplace of Harbin fishing village. As early as 200 years ago, this area of water, swamps, rivers criss-crossed, grass and trees flourish, beasts and animals, is a piece of sleepy treasure. Since the Qianlong period (1736-1795), there have been people opening net farms here to catch fish. According to the archives, in 1870, Harbin villagers Xu Chengmu opened a pawnshop here. From this, the crotch street in 1870 around the formation is credible, but the name officially appeared in when, have not seen the exact records, but no later than 1898.
Crotch Street, as its name suggests, is a "human" shaped street, with some pawnshops and small stores located at the intersection of the two flanks of the "human" shaped street. This street from Taikoo Street to the crotch of the street began to diverge, a ferry to the outside of the road, a road to the Zhaolin Park (the original three and a half fishing huts), nine stations (the original sentry post a), which is the origin of the crotch of the street.
Before 1898, in today's Jihongqiao high bank, summer and no direct access to Daoli, Daowai riverside path, only along the direction of Dazhijie Shungang line to Harbin Amusement Park, turn left Taikoo Street into the village of Harbin Crotch Street, and then go to Daoli riverside.
The residents on both sides of the crotch Street are mostly Shandong people, fishing, running boats, merchants, farming. In order to strengthen the fellowship, mutual aid, gathered in this area of Shandong fellowship formally established Shandong Hall, Fu Juchuan for the first president, for Shandong fellowship to seek a lot of benefits. So the crotch street on both sides of Shandong culture is the most intense; five lines of eight, three teachings and nine streams, to name a few. The most Shandong characteristics of the small theater, storytelling, teahouse, tavern covered the streets, more show a prosperous scene.
In 1933, because of the "crotch" word is not elegant, renamed Tianyi Street. Today, Tianyi Street has long disappeared from the city map, but the entrepreneurial spirit of Shandong people, Shandong people's achievements will always exist.
2, stone road - Lot Street
Harbin's famous stone road, has given how many poets and writers to bring creative inspiration. One year the famous essayist Zhu Ziqing came to Harbin, originally thought Harbin than Beijing dust to be more, which know the opposite. Zhu Ziqing was not surprised to say: "the road here are made of stone, walking on the street from some aspects, it is much more comfortable than Beijing". In fact, before 1898, Harbin only a few country roads, one of which is from Xiangfang Tianjia burn pot by Majiagou River to Nangang, although the winter can be directly to the riverside of Daoli, but in the summer can not be directly. In those years, there were not many pedestrians in a day, and the so-called "some road" was just a trail through the grass.
In 1898, due to the construction of the Middle East Railway, the headquarters of the Bureau of Engineering in Xiangfang Tianjia burn pots, and a large number of railroad construction equipment is stacked and unloaded in the area of nine stations in the Dori District, in order to communicate between Dori and Nangang, Xiangfang traffic, the Bureau of Engineering in the first place, the Songhua River and Nangang between the construction of a stone road in 1899 was completed, when there was no road and no name, only because the Railway Bureau of the Ninth Construction Section The Russians called it "Lot Street" because the ninth construction section of the Railway Engineering Bureau was stationed here.
The construction of this road was extremely difficult, this area of low-lying muddy. People had to use tree trunks, branches, and then the grassy ground, sand and soil pile up, and finally paved with small stones, so as not to turn over in the summer. Therefore, it is the first stone masonry road ever in Harbin, that is, in the whole Northeast, is also unique.
In May 1915, Shirkov, a railroad engineer of Russian aristocratic origin and deputy director of the Middle East Railway Administration, was promoted to the chief office of the Russian Black Sea Railway Company. On the eve of his departure, the "Harbin City Board" awarded Shirkov Harbin "honorary citizenship" title, and because the person was the ninth section of the section chief, so the "Lot Street" renamed "Shirkov Princes Street", commonly known as the "King Street". 1926, the Chinese local government to recover the municipal administration of Harbin, canceled the "King Street", still known as the lot of the street.
In this street, there has been the Heilongjiang Provincial Railway Negotiation Bureau, Chinese and Russian school (today's Dafa Hall diagonally across), the Russian Red Cross Hospital (today's Children's Hospital), the Japanese Yokohama Shokin Bank branch (today's provincial art exhibition hall), as well as Japan's Jincheng Chamber of Commerce and the Beiman oil company and other dozens of industrial and commercial enterprises. After the liberation, the lot of the street was built many times, and in the stone pavement paved with asphalt, and now has long been a bustling commercial street in Daoli District.
3, the former swamp - Xinyang Road
"Partial face of the name of those older Harbin people is how familiar ah, and now no one mentioned. Originally, the partial face is located in the Jingwei Street south of Xinyang Road on both sides of the street, the streets in the area are named after the word "An", An Guo Street, An An Street, An Shun Street, An Liang Street and so on **** there are more than 20. These "An" streets, except for Ande Street and Anlong Street, all the other streets and alleys are skewed, so the area is called "skewed face".
Originally, "Yifaizi" was a swamp, reeds, ducks, foxes and badgers, mosquitoes and flies, and in 1917, after the outbreak of Russia's "Ten Years' Revolution", a large number of Russians fled from Chita, Hailanbao, Vladivostok, and Harbin Russians Autonomous Association set up shelters in this area. 1918, the Russians began to develop the area, the establishment of the "village of Nakharovka". So some people say, this place is remote and desolate, so it is called "partial face".
"Naharovka", by the Russian language "Nahal" word evolved, meaning lazy shameless. In the village of Naharovka, some houses are cluttered on the high ground and there is no road at all, so people use bridges to pass through. The contours of the streets were gradually formed by dumping large amounts of garbage and debris. Most of these streets are named after Russian cities and people, such as peace of mind Street (Sevastopolskaia), Anhua Street (Tverskaya), Anping Street (Warsaw Street), Anguo Street (Kolorevskaya), etc. In 1932, Harbin flooding, after the water receded, the Japanese hypocrites began to prepare for the construction of a large road across the side of the face of the village, and in 1933, construction began. In order to realize the Japanese imperialism long-term domination of the eastern provinces of the dream, it will be Aixinjueluo Puyi's year name this road - Datong Road.
The original Datong Road consisted of two roads paved with square stones, starting from the present Xinyang Square in the east to the present Kang'an Road in the west. Each road was about 4 meters wide, and in the middle of the two roads was a wide, flat earthen platform with poplar trees planted on both sides, and the sidewalks were paved with square cement slabs and poplar trees were planted near the roadside.
After liberation, Datong Road removed its humiliating name and was changed to New Old Road. It has been reconstructed twice, the first time for 1958, the two roads in the middle of the dirt platform to open up a road; the second time for 1976, widening the middle road, both sides of the bike path is also widened outward, and paving asphalt, Xinyang Road has a new look, and has become a link between Harbin and the three Zhaoshan, Heihe, Daqing, Tongjiang, and other northern border links.
4, distinct - border street
Border Street is now Chengde Street. Originally, in 1898, due to the construction of the Middle East Railway in Harbin, will be Xiangfang, Nangang, Dori for the railroad lease, the so-called "Harbin Railway City" and its reputation as "Eastern Moscow", "Eastern small Paris" is limited to this area. And will Fu Jiadian, Tianjia burn pot circle, is the "Harbin Railway City" of the countryside outside the city.
At that time, the Harbin Railway City and outside the city of Fu Jiadian demarcation line for the present Daowai District, Chengde Street, east side of the city room, is located in the south-central Daowai District, south of Nangang District, steep bank, north of Jingyang Street, a total length of 1.7 kilometers, the carriageway width of 15 meters, the north end of this street is open, said Chengde Square. In today's words, west of the border street is a "special zone", is a "country in the country". 1903, the Middle East Railway Administration organized "urban public **** business management committee", in 1907, the Middle East Railway Administration will be the Daoli, Nangang most of the urban area, the establishment of the "Harbin Autonomous City". This part of the land development, municipal construction, business administration are under the governance of the Russian city council, and the Chinese local authorities have no right to manage. Similarly, the Middle East Railway Administration did not have the right to exercise power in Fu Jiadian, east of the "State Street".
East of the border street, before 1898, was originally only a dozen families of a small fishing village, until 1906 was only adjacent to the "Harbin Railway City," a small market town. 1907 set up the Binjiang Hall, is the beginning of the county town of Binjiang, 1913 changed the hall to the county in 1929 set up the city of Binjiang. In fact, Binjiang County is "Harbin Railway City" satellite city, is the nature of the two different, independent of the development of the city, and later as Lushun, Dalian, as one, the formation of an area, the population (plus the original jurisdiction of the Heilongjiang Province, the Majia Shuangkou City) more extensive city.
Because of this, in the first two decades of this century, the Russians and Chinese to "border street" as the boundary of each police station, respectively, to govern, have "border street" origin. 1926, the Chinese local authorities to recover the "Harbin Autonomous City" management, only to change the "border street" for the Chengde Street.
July 1, 1933, Binjiang City (i.e., Fu Jiadian) was formally incorporated into Harbin City (i.e., Daoli, Nangang), and it was not until here that the role of "Border Street" (Chengde Street) as a demarcation between the two cities was finally lost. At the same time, the city of Songpu (i.e., Jiangbei), the East Province Special Zone Annex (i.e., Xiangkeng, Guxiang) also merged into the city of Harbin, combined four into one to establish the Harbin Special City.
5, shochu fragrance - Anbu Street
Shangfang District, the oldest street, when the formation of the 1895 Anbu Street. The formation of this street began with the famous Tianjia Shochu.
There is very little historical information about the early days of Harbin, but there is no shortage of records of the Tian family's pots and pans. Legend has it that around 1805, six brothers from Huang County in Shandong Province, led by their grandfather and father, came to Harbin. According to the provisions of the Qing Dynasty at the time, the Han Chinese are not allowed to arbitrarily open the land. Therefore, the Tian family will recognize a family living in A-cheng flag person as the landlord, open up the land for planting, and accumulated years of success, opened the first burner. Xiangfang good water quality, brewing wine has a strange aroma, Tian brothers and hospitality and kind, so that the Tian family burn pot is known far and wide. At that time, people passing through Harbin, not to drink a mouthful of Tianjia Shaojian wine, can not be considered Harbin ah!
In the Tianjia Shaojian main entrance, buy wine, naturally out of a "wine road". According to field measurements, Tianjia burn pot is located in the middle of the north side of Anbu Street, east and west for 410 meters, north and south for 182 meters, close to 8 per cent of the land, high walls and deep yard, and there are corner buildings. 1898 June 9, the Middle East Railway Bureau of Engineering first boarded in Harbin will be stationed due to banditry and harassment of the closure of the Tianjia burn pot, resulting in the door of this street is more lively, so that this is the first Harbin's "foreign street" it!
In 1900, the Boxer Rebellion rose, the Boxer brave earth will Tianjia burn pot back and start fighting with the Russian army. August 2, stationed in the Tianjia burn pot Boxer warriors were outnumbered, Tianjia burn pot was destroyed by Russian artillery. 1901, in the former site of the Anbu Street to rebuild the Jiyuan burn pot. In theory, the street formed in 1895 should be called "Yakiniku Street", but why the name Anbu Street? Originally, because the Boxer Rebellion was pacified, this street gradually became a trade center, so the name "Anbu", that is, "stability" meaning. Initially on this street, there were three poly Yong, Hong Fa Hop, Yong Sheng Kui, Yong Ju Heng, Tian Zeng Dian and other grocery stores. Because of the Tianjia burn pot by the railroad concession circle, so to Anbu Street, Hongqi Street, Tongtian Street, Oil House Street, within the port area, surrounded by walls dug trenches, and set up four gates, Anbu Street, the two ends of the East Gate and the West Gate, until 1939 to tear down the door, fill in the ditch, leveling trench.
Initially, the street is dirt road, widened in 1948, paved with asphalt, now the west from the Red Flag Avenue, the east end of the Tongtian Street, a total length of 5,000 meters, 15 meters wide, become a major commercial street in Xiangfang District.
6, the dragon's back - Dazhi Street
Nangang, like a giant dragon, lying in the raging Songhua River for thousands of years. Now Dori and Dawai, originally the former course of the Songhua River, Nangang is a terrace on the south bank of the Songhua River, about 150 meters above sea level, is a piece of the ideal place to build a city, but in the traditional feudal economy does not show the geographical superiority.
In 1898, the Russian engineers and technicians first landed in Harbin, that is to see this piece of the back of the river, "Fung Shui". 1899, the Railway Bureau of Engineering first of all Nangang focus on street planning, the scope of its north to the Railway Street, the south to the Majiagou River, the Dazhijie across the center of Nangang District, straight and wide, known as "Dazhijie".
Because of the planning of Nangang street is not formed in the city before, but also in Petersburg, Russia, according to the hilly terrain of Nangang by senior engineering designers to plan the completion of the construction of Harbin according to the drawings, so the streets are smooth, reasonable layout, very conducive to the rapid development of the city.
On both sides of Dazhi Street are mainly two types of buildings, one is piercing the sky of high-rise buildings, such as St. Nicholas Cathedral (commonly known as the Lama's Terrace), the Middle East Railway Administration building {now the Harbin Railway Bureau), Harbin Business School (now the library of the Harbin Institute of Technology University), Harbin, Moscow, shopping malls (today's Provincial Museum), the Middle East Railway Club (today's Palace of Culture of the Harbin Railway), the Autumn Forest Company, and so on; the other type is Hidden in the elm bushes in the courtyard type of senior housing and unit type of ordinary staff housing, they are mainly distributed in the garden street, folder tree street and Minyi street on both sides. Dazhi Street is like a "meridian" will be the "Little Paris of the East" in two, half of the river, half of the land, interpretation of urban life colorful.
After the Cultural Revolution in 1966, under the influence of extreme "leftist" thinking, some street names were changed, such as Central Street was renamed Anti-Repair Street, Lot Street was renamed Anti-Imperialist Street, and Dazhijie was renamed "Dongfanghong Street". 1976, the original name of "Dazhijie" was restored.
7, history in the spotlight here - Red Army Street
The intersection of the d-shaped Middle East Railway is in the square in front of the station. 1899 October, in the present Harbin Railway Station baggage room (fork) set up a station, which is now the Harbin Railway Station, the station house was very simple, temporarily put up a small house as a stationmaster's office, telegraph room and rest room for the traveling staff. The station building was very simple at that time. At the same time, at the other end of the station street, St. Nicholas Cathedral (commonly known as Lama Terrace) was also completed. As Lama Terrace Square was the city's high point and the intersection of Station Street and the main street, St. Nicholas Cathedral became the focal point of the city's vision, reflecting the traditional European approach of centering the city around the church. In a long period of time, Lama Terrace Square, St. Nicholas Cathedral has become the symbol of the "Eastern Moscow" and the symbol of the city of Harbin.
Short Station Street, but the interpretation of many significant historical events. 1909 October 26 morning, a Korean youth wearing a duck-tongued cap, wandering near the Station Street, when a yellow face, white beard, very proud of the little old man out of the train car, suddenly three gunshots, the little old man fell to the ground. At this moment, an extraordinarily amazing news from Harbin quickly spread all over the world: "Korean volunteer Ahn Chong-geun killed Japan's Imperial Senior Minister Ito Hirobumi at Harbin Station".
Near the station on the left side of the forefront of the Russian-style building reflecting the new European art trends, is now the HART Guest House, when the Russian "officers Klu City (club)", the people called it "Gobidan Paradise", is a place of leisure for pleasure. The Russo-Japanese War was temporarily opened as a hospital for wounded soldiers, and it became a place of pain and suffering. Later, it was turned into the Russian Consulate General. During the Japanese-Japanese period, it was turned into the Yamato Hotel, which hosted military and political dignitaries. The unusual thing is that the Tsarist Russian Minister of Finance and Transportation, Count Witte, and the Chief of Staff of the Japanese Kwantung Army, Kuniaki Komo, the Commander of the Military Police, Hideki Tojo, and the Undersecretary of the Pseudo Ministry of Industry, Nobusuke Kishi, all stayed here.
A few steps forward, a small building is still European classical renaissance style, now the exquisite door hangs next to the "Heilongjiang Provincial Federation of Industry and Commerce" long sign, when it was the famous Chinese and Russian Daosheng Bank. Further ahead, is the British Consulate (next to the Provincial Education Commission building), flying the blue cross. Further ahead is the Nangang Stadium, which was a Japanese Shindu during the Japanese-Japanese period, dedicated to Amaterasu Omikami and Emperor Shinmu.
The right side of Station Street, from top to bottom, the first one is a baroque building, now a museum, when it was a Moscow shopping mall. Downhill, now the HART Club, was the creepy Japanese gendarmerie back in the day. Further down, the Consulate General of the Empire of Japan (now the HART Public Security Bureau). The building at the bottom of the slope was the Russian tax office, and in 1945, the Soviet Red Army came and left the "Red Army" behind. In 1945, the Red Army of the Soviet Union came to the city and left the name "Red Army Street" behind.
8, the history of the long street - Zhaolin Street
The end of the 19th century, the Middle East Railway Engineering Bureau in order to solve the Harbin machine section of the water supply tower water, in the street north of the river, the construction of a railroad water supply, the street named Waterway Street. During the Republic of China, the waterway was paved with rectangular granite.
In this street, the construction of the first market in Harbin - Dori District eight miscellaneous market, there are 236 stores, was the largest Harbin port a "super market", trading is very prosperous. 1923, in this street, the establishment of a Harbin Guangyi Middle School, later renamed the first secondary school of the Eastern Provincial Special Administrative Region, is now the first secondary school in Harbin. At the end of the twenties, the British HSBC Bank in the south end of the street near the waterway, built a Harbin HSBC branch office building (now the Harbin Municipal Bureau of Education). In the early thirties, the first middle school diagonally across the street, the construction of one of the largest hotels in Daoli District at the time - Banquet House Hotel.
From then on, on both sides of the waterway street, to feast on Binlou Hotel prevail, has been to the north, to the park along the river (now Zhaolin Park) stops, one after another in 5 years, has built a 3-story or 4-story buildings. Stores were set up downstairs, while the upper floors were occupied by households. At the end of the thirties, near the north end of Shui Dao Street, Japan built a secondary school, called "Avenue Hall" College (now the Provincial Song and Dance Drama Theatre). 1940, in the middle of the Shui Dao Street, the construction of a theater - Harbin Hall (now the Harbin Drama Theatre), the Shui Dao Street has taken shape, and gradually flourished.
In the spring of 1946, the leadership of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association, founded by General Li Zhaolin, is located in this street in a small building (now Harbin Municipal Party Committee office building). March 9, the second floor of the Watercourse Street, No. 9, a long-planned political murders in this place to get it, General Li Zhaolin died heroically in the Kuomintang agent's knife. March 15, after the funeral ceremony, the Watercourse Street is officially named Zhaolin Street, Daoli Park into Zhaolin Park, well in the death of General Li Zhaolin hanging a "national hero General Li Zhaolin killed" plaque, to commemorate.
9, the vicissitudes of life - Zhongshan Road
Today's Zhongshan Road, across the Nangang, power, Xiangfang three districts, high-rise complexes such as the range of peaks, so that the broad and flat Zhongshan Road appears more staid and majestic, magnificent. However, 100 years ago, Zhongshan Road was originally Tianjia burning pot leading to the countryside of Nangang nameless road, formed around 1890. At that time, the road on both sides of the wild grass, both ends of the village near the sorghum, corn, poppies, a reckless scene. The occasional pedestrian on the road was a country farmer with a rope tied around his waist and a long braid on his head.
June 9, 1898, a steamboat's whistle broke the quiet of this country road. A team of "foreigners" on horseback with equipment appeared on the road, at the end of the road Tianjia burn pot set up the main camp for the construction of the railroad. In order to communicate with Xiangfang and Nangang as soon as possible, the Middle East Railway Engineering Bureau first widened and paved this road. The Chinese used to call it Passage Street, the original name in Russian: Old Harbin Highway (Xiangfang Road). At that time, the first impression of Zhongshan Road was secluded and rough. From the original Lama Terrace to the current provincial government section, the road surface is paved with large stones, and further south to Xiangfang is a dirt road. Along both sides of the road is more than a hug thick jiaoli tree, branches and leaves in the sky, stretching for miles, spectacular.
The residents of the northern section of Zhongshan Road, many of whom are Russians, have small courtyards surrounded by board walls. In front of the house, a few fruit trees, a few lilacs, summer evenings, often drifting the melodious sound of the piano, more or less exotic flavor.
April 5, 1921, Harbin City Council elected the first director of the Middle East Railway Administration Horvath as the city's "Honorary Citizen". At the same time, the street was named "Horvat Street". 1925 was changed to Army Street, in 1931, the Japanese invasion was changed to "Toho Park Road" (Japanese name). May 18, 1946, after the establishment of the People's Government of Harbin, in order to commemorate Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the street was changed to Zhongshan Road.
From then on, the street developed rapidly. 1955, Zhongshan General Store was opened. 1957, Harbin Workers' Cultural Palace was built, which became the pride of Zhongshan Road. Peace Estate Hotel (commonly known as 107) is located in the middle of Zhongshan Road, four European-style villa buildings and a modern ten-story building constitutes a high-rise buildings and low-rise villas combined with the complex. Especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, the city's political and economic situation has fundamentally changed, Zhongshan Road along the street high-rise buildings rise, has become the center of Harbin's political and economic and urban style symbol.
10, full of foreign flavor - Central Avenue
Harbin's most rich "foreign flavor" of the street is Central Avenue (formerly known as China Street). Do not say that outsiders even wonder, is the old Harbin people, every time you go to this street, will also be for those chic, different styles of architecture and intoxicated. Those who have not been to Moscow, Paris, Rome, Greece, as much as possible in this street to appreciate the characteristics of these urban buildings.
Said "foreign street", of course, to have a "foreign history". 1898, Harbin began large-scale construction of railroads and urban construction, from the Guannai and the neighboring provinces of the massive influx of laborers in Harbin. The original section along the river is an ancient river channel, all desolate and low-lying meadows. Wagons carrying railroad equipment drove a dirt road through the mud, which was the prototype of Central Avenue. The Middle East Railway Engineering Bureau allocated the barren land along the river to the Chinese diaspora in Harbin, and by 1900 it had formed "China Street", meaning "the street where the Chinese live". On both sides of the narrow street is the gutter, paved with wooden planks, iron plates, for people to walk. At each intersection, wooden bridges were erected. The street was traveled by mule and horse-driven vehicles. Dusty sunny days, muddy rainy days, due to the establishment of the port district, here, the Russian store also more, plaque in Russian, they operate grocery, watch repair, etc., so although called "China Street", but both sides of the European-style buildings, business is also run by foreigners, as if the foreign city in general.
May 1924, by the Russian engineer Komtraschok design, supervision, China Street paved with square stone, suddenly appeared to be gorgeous, when China Street on the foreign stores, pharmacies, restaurants, hotels, bars, dance halls countless, which Dori Qiulin branch, Mardi Gras Hotel in the entire Far East region is also quite famous. In the most fashionable street in Harbin, Russian furs, British tweeds, French perfume, German medicine, Japanese cotton, American oil, Swiss watches, Javanese sugar, Indian sacks, as well as dried and fresh fruits from various countries are on sale, no less than an international commodities fair. Revolutionary Qu Qiubai, the American journalist Edgar Snow on the "China Street" have a wonderful description.
In July 1928, China Avenue was officially renamed Central Avenue. Now the Central Avenue from the north of the riverside flood control memorial tower square, south of Xinyang Square, 1400 meters long, 11 meters wide road, sidewalks 2 to 6 meters wide, still maintain the original smooth square granite pavement. Street on both sides of the commercial, food service outlets nearly 200, forming a complete range of categories, services more complete commercial eye service center. Especially in recent years, the merchants have redecorated the facade, gold and silver, lights and colors, the Central Avenue dressed up more opulent, becoming the most famous in Harbin, the most characteristic commercial street.