It's very long, probably more than 5000 words, but try it~
See Mao Dun's Talking about the Characters and Structure of Water Margin.
Originally:
Talking about the characters and structure of the Water Margin
The characterization of the Water Margin has always received the highest praise. The so-called one hundred single eight people each with a different face, of course, not inevitably overstated, but at least a dozen of the book's important characters have their own faces, but it is a fact. I remember a note, fabricated a Shi Naian how to write "Water Margin" story, to this effect: Shi Naian first asked the master painter Song Jiang and the following thirty-six painted images, hung in a room, night and day speculation, for a long time, the thirty-six people's voices and smiles in the imagination of the Shi Naian are ripe, and then pen, so it can be This is a fabricated story. This is a fabrication of Shi Nai-an's method of creation, there are obviously attached to the place, such as saying that the image is Song Jiang and other thirty-six people, it is from the "Xuan and the legacy of" the account of the association, but it is emphasized in the night and day to try to figure out, there is a part of the truth, although it is basically this statement is unscientific. Because, if the writing of the "Water Margin" is really Shi Nai-an, then, before he put pen to paper, relative to the night and day speculation, it should be the oral literature that has long been circulating in folklore to praise the Liangshan Po heroes, rather than Shi Nai-an himself to ask what the master painter made of the thirty-six people's image.
Each face is different, this is a general comment; only this sentence, is not enough to explain the "Water Margin" characterization features. Try to take Lin Chong, Yang Zhi, Lu Da three characters as an example. These three people in the grass before, are officers, all have a good martial arts, this is the same thing; three of them would not have dreamed of the day to fall into the grass, but finally fell into the grass, but each fell into the grass of the reason is quite different. In order to high yannei want to get Linchong's wife, so Linchong ate a wrongful lawsuit, assassination cangzhou, and to such oppression, Linchong just go against the grain, so in the wild boar forest, lu da want to kill the two damned relief, but was Linchong persuade to stop; to the cangzhou, Linchong is at ease to be a prisoner of the until high yannei and sent to kill him, which he only kill revenge, went on the road of the grass. Yang Zhi, for the first time in order to fall into the flower and stone outline and lost the official, reinstatement is not possible, down and out selling knives, inadvertently killed a shrew, and therefore confiscated, but unexpectedly because of the blessing, and in the Liang Zhongshu Door as a military officer, and finally because of the fall into the outline of the birth of a child, but only to die of the rivers and lakes, fall into the grass. Only Lu Da, his Cao encounter is "active". Initially in order to save people for righteousness, officers can not do, do the monk, and later in order to save people for righteousness, even the monk can not do, had to fall into the grass. "Water Margin" from these three people's different encounters in the characterization of the three people. Not only that, "Water Margin" from these three people's different ideology that the inevitability of the different encounters of the three people. Yang Zhi is bent on being an official, "to win a wife and children", the result is to lose all the care, but still fell into a void. Lin Chong is contented and submissive, but he is forced to go nowhere. Only Lu Da, nothing to worry about, dare to do, and never suffered losses. For Yang Zhi, we pity its suffering, but despise its own; For Lin Chong, we send both full of sympathy, but also y regret its lack of understanding; For Lu Da, we but in addition to praise, nothing to say. "Water Margin" is so through the brilliant image makes us for these three people have different feelings. Not only that, "Water Margin" also illustrates the ideology of these three people from these three people come from different classes. Yang Zhi is "three generations of generals, the grandson of five marquis Yang Linggong", so do not forget to be an official, "wife and son", as long as there is an official, Liang Zhongshu is also his good boss. Lin Chong from the family of the gun and stick teacher, is a petty bourgeois technician, he has a sense of justice, but meticulously satisfied with the status quo, not to be forced to the end of the road, can not make up his mind. As for Lu Da, no relatives, a bachelor, and no industry, the light is a poor peasant or craftsmen from the ranks of the military officers promoted. "Water Margin" does not recount the origin of these three people (only in the mouth of Yang Zhi himself confessed to be the descendants of the family), but in the description of the character of these three people, every place is fastened to their class composition.
So, we can say, good at class consciousness to describe the character's behavior, is the "Water Margin" characterization of the biggest one of the characteristics.
Secondly, another characteristic of "Water Margin" characterization is that everything about the character is explained by the character's own actions, and the author will never make a comment. Still take Lin Chong and other three people as an example, these three characters out of the moment, are in the middle of other people's events suddenly appeared; Luda's appearance in the event of Shi Jin looking for the head of the Wang, Lin Chong's appearance in the time of Luda practicing martial arts, and Yang Zhi's appearance in Lin Chong for a certificate of allegiance of the moment. When these three characters appeared, except for a brief description of their appearance, there was not a word about their lives, and naturally there was not a word about their character; all their lives and character were gradually revealed in their later actions, until the end of their main story, which made us recognize all their lives and character. This is like a person coming from afar, at first we only see him wearing a long coat or a short coat, and then we see whether he is fat or thin, and then we see whether he is square or round, and finally, we see his eyebrows and even his voice and smile: at this time, we count all of them as clear. "Water Margin" writing characters, using this method from far and near, so it can be fascinating, very vivid.
"Water Margin" characterization is said to end here. The following is a brief discussion of the structure of the "Water Margin".
From the whole book, the structure of "Water Margin" is not an organic structure, we can be a number of major characters of the story were compiled into their own independent short or middle without a sense of fragmentation. However, from the point of view of a character's story, the structure of "Water Margin" is tight, and even organic. In this regard, it can be proved that "Water Margin" when it is still oral literature is the same theme and each independent of the many stories.
These independent, self-contained story, in the structure of some **** the same characteristics. Generally speaking, first, the development of the story, before and after the hook, step by step, but also sparse and dense, swaying. Second, good use of intricate techniques to avoid the flat narrative. Take the story of Lin Chong as an example. Lin Chong story, from the Yue Temple incense to the water to grass, a **** five books, the story began to raise the issue of the fate of Lin Chong, and from then on step by step to the apex of the development, but the development of this line is not a vertical flavor of the tight go down, but the twists and turns, a loose a tight; verdict charging army Cangzhou, is the whole story of the middle of a large paragraph, is not the apex of the apex of the Liangshan, but the story of Lin Chong on this! But this is where Lin Chong's story ends. In these five books, the writing, exhausting the ability to move around, so that the reader is suddenly angry, and suddenly broke down into laughter, just happy on behalf of Lin Chong, and immediately worried about him. Even the story of the small episodes (such as Lin Chong met Chai Jin and with the Hong instructor than martial arts) is not a straight forward. This paragraph of text, first written Lin Chong to Chai Jin Zhuang, Chai Jin is not in, Lin Chong disappointed and go, but on the road and ran into Chai Jin (Chai Jin appeared in this paragraph of the text written in a colorful way), and later with the Hong instructor than the martial arts. Lin Chong than the description of this small paragraph, the first and last but more than a thousand words, but, how intricate and rich in change. Said to compare the martial arts, but not than, eat wine first, when it really began to compare the martial arts, but half true (Hong teach head side) half false (Lin Chong side), so Chai Jin to make the silver called to open the shackles, and with a large silver ingot for the note, and finally the real than, only more than a hundred words on the end of the; but this more than a hundred words is really concise, very image of the Lin Chong martial arts of the high strength. This small paragraph of more than a thousand words, but also Chai Jin and the face of the two Hong teach also carved out, the economy of ink, to the extreme. Then look at the story of Yang Zhi. Yang Zhi's story a *** only three books, 15,000 six thousand words, the first and last three major paragraphs: sell the knife, get the official, lost in the Shengchen Gang. Structurally, Yang Zhi's story is different from Lin Chong's story. While Lin Chong's story first puts forward the main eye of the whole piece, and then develops step by step towards the apex, Yang Zhi's story summarizes Yang Zhi's dream of seeking an official position in the trilogy of Lost, Gained, and Disillusioned, and structurally, the climax is in the middle section. In the powerful noble Gaozius, Yang Zhi touched the bad luck, but in another powerful noble Liang Zhongshu, Yang Zhi was promoted at the beginning, it seems that it can be smooth sailing, but it is not easy to be a lackey under the door of the powerful noble. There were factions among the lackeys, and they were often at each other's throats. Liang Zhongshu's lack of specialization in hiring people doomed Yang Zhi's disillusionment. At the same time, Yang Zhi was doomed to fail in the Huangni Lan. The logic of the story development is like this, but the logic of the novel's structural development reaches its apex in a series of positive and negative spirals. Before Yang Zhi and his men set out, Wu Yong had already laid a trap, which is explicitly written in the book; in contrast, it is Yang Zhi's shrewd countermeasures. Readers are anxious to know at this time, is Wu Wu and so on for this 100,000 Guan Jinzhu is "soft take" or "hard take"? If "soft take", and how to hide from Yang Zhi's shrewd eyes? This mystery, until the end of the story to reveal, the structure of the vertical and horizontal opening and closing, is so caused.
The above is a little rough opinion on the characters and structure of "Water Margin". If you want to learn from "Water Margin", these are the places worth learning. Naturally, "Water Margin" also has many advantages worth learning. For example, the characters of the dialogue commonly used at the time of the folk verbal language, which makes us like hearing their voices; and such as the description of the action, only a few words, to achieve a clear image, active in the paper ...... These should be learned, but from a broader point of view, should be used as the main object of study, or its characterization and structure. In this regard, my bias, I thought "Water Margin" double "Dream of Red Mansions" stronger. Although the entire structure of the book seems to be "Dream of Red Mansions" than "Water Margin" is closer to the organic structure, but the story of a character as an independent short story, as mentioned above, "Water Margin" structure is also organic. The structure of "Water Margin" is also organic.
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Talking about the "Water Margin Characters and Structure Test Bank
I. Basic knowledge and its use.
1. The following blackened words are all correctly pronounced ( )
A. zhuàn 撰写 zhuàn 揣摩 chuāi 解差jiè
B. yè 摇曳 yè 行伍 háng 倾轧 yà
C. báo 鄙薄 báo 绚烂 xuàn 稗官 bì
D. zī 渣滓 zī 封妻荫子 yìng 沽酒 gū
The following blackened characters have the correct pronunciation. p>2. The following words or phrases written in black are correctly written and interpreted.
3. The following four sentences are wrongly punctuated ( )
A. The Water Margin does not recount the origins of these three men (only in Yang Zhi's mouth himself confessed to be a descendant of a general's family), but in describing the character of these three men, their class composition is fastened everywhere.
B. Even the minor episodes in the story (such as Lin Chong's encounter with Chai Jin on the road and his match with Instructor Hong) are not told flatly.
C．Yang Zhi was "the descendant of three generations of generals, the grandson of Yang Linggong, the fifth marquis," so he was determined to be an official, "to have a wife and children," and as long as he had an official job, Liang Zhongshu was also his good boss.
D. Yang Zhi's story a **** only three books, 15,000 or 16,000 words, the first and last three major paragraphs: the sale of the sword, get the official, and lost the Shengchen Gang.
4. In the □ place to fill in the related words most appropriate one is ( )
Lin Chong than the martial arts this small paragraph of the insertion, the first and last but more than a thousand words, □, written how intricate and rich in change. Said to compare the martial arts, □ and do not compare, first eat wine, really started to compare the martial arts, □ half true (Hong teach head side) half false (Lin Chong side), □ Chai Jin make silver to ask to open the shackles, □ with a large silver ingot for the note, and finally the real than the last is really than, only more than a hundred words on the end of it.
A. But but but but so again
B. But but but so again
C. But but but so again
D. But but but but so again
5. The following is an incorrect statement of understanding of the content of the text (）
A.. The literary criticism begins with a folk legend about the creation of Water Margin to emphasize the fact that the Water Margin was written by a man who was a member of a group of people. The purpose of this literary criticism is to emphasize the fact that the artistic achievement of the characterization of Water Margin has long been established, thus introducing the thesis and laying the groundwork for making one's own point.
B. "This fabrication of Shi Nai'an's method of creation has its obvious attachments, such as the statement that the image is Song Jiang and thirty-six others, which is an association from the account of the Xuanhe Remains, but there is a partial truth in its emphasis on the night and day of speculation, even though it is basically an unscientific statement." The three "it's" in this compound sentence all refer to the "fabricated Schnee's method of creation"; the clause after "but" is an inverted transitive compound sentence, and the purpose of the inversion is to emphasize the fact that "it emphasizes the fact that it is not a scientific method". The inversion serves to emphasize the fact that "it is partly true that it is emphasized in the night and day of speculation".
C. "Therefore, we can say that the ability to describe the characters' behavior from the class consciousness is one of the most important features of the characterization of Water Margin." This passage stands alone as a general summary of the previous paragraph. "Therefore" is a correlative word indicating a cause-and-effect relationship, and "we can say" is an interjecting element, making the whole sentence a causal compound sentence.
D. "In this, my prejudice, I thought that the Water Margin is stronger than the Dream of Red Mansions; although in the whole structure of the book as a whole, it seems that the Dream of Red Mansions is more nearly organic than the Water Margin, but in terms of the story of a particular character as an independent short story, as mentioned above, the structure of the Water Margin is also organic." The clause after "although" is a transitive compound, and the semantic focus is on the organic nature of the structure of Water Margin. The author calls himself "biased", which indicates the uniqueness of his own opinion, and also reflects the modesty, prudence and rigorous attitude of the famous author.
II. Reading.
Read the following passage and complete questions 6 to 9.
...... and to such oppression of the trap, ① just against the grain, so in the boar forest, ② to kill the two damned relief, but was ③ persuaded; to Cangzhou, ④ is at ease to do the prisoner, until ⑤ and sent to kill him, which he killed to take revenge, went on the road to grass. ⑥ it, because of the failure to fall into the flower and stone outline and loss of office, reinstatement is not possible, down in the dumps to sell knives, inadvertently killed a pervert, and therefore confiscated the army, but unexpectedly due to the blessing of the disaster, and then in the ⑦ door to do the officer, and finally, because of the failure to fall into the outline of the birth of a man, but only to die in the rivers and lakes, and fall into the grass. Only ⑧, his encounter is "active". Initially, in order to save people for justice, the officer can not do, do the monk; later, in order to save people for justice, even the monk can not do, had to fall into the grass.
6. The corresponding characters on the horizontal line are
①______②______③_____④______
⑤______⑥______⑦______⑧_____
7. "Because" brings out the following The corresponding result should be ( )
A. Loss of office B. Loss of office and failure to be reinstated
C. Loss of office and failure to be reinstated, and selling of swords D. Enlistment
8. "Therefore" is a clause that indicates the result, and the corresponding cause should be ( )
8.
A．B．Being reinstated to the post, selling knives in despair
C．Killing a shrew unintentionally
D．Being reinstated to the post, selling knives in despair, killing a shrew unintentionally
9．The one that connects with the above is the best one ( )
A．Before these three men fell into the grass, they were all officers, and all had a good martial arts skill. a good martial art, which is what they have in common.
B．All three of them would never have dreamed of going into the grass one day, but they finally did.
C．The Water Margin is written in such a way that it shows the different encounters of the three men and the different reasons why they fell into the grass.
D．The Water Margin portrays the characters of the three men from their different encounters.
Read the following passage and complete questions 10 to 12.
Secondly, another characteristic of the characterization of Water Margin is that everything about the characters is explained by the characters' own actions, and the author never gives a single word about them. Still take Lin Chong and other three people as an example, these three characters appeared in the middle of other people's events; Luda's appearance in the event of Shi Jin looking for the king's head, Lin Chong's appearance in the time of Luda's martial arts, and Yang Zhi's appearance in the time of Lin Chong to seek for the certificate of surrender. When these three characters appeared on the scene, except for the description of their appearance, there was not a word about their lives, and naturally there was not a word about their characters; all their lives and characters were gradually revealed in their later □□, and it was not until the end of the main story that we recognized all of them, which is like a person coming from afar, and at first we only see him wearing a long coat or a short coat, and then a short coat, and then a long coat or a short coat. This is like a person coming from afar, at first we only see that he is wearing a long coat or a short coat, then we see whether he is fat or thin, then we see whether he has a square face or a round face, and finally, we see his eyebrows and even his facial features: at this time, we count all of them as clear. The Water Margin" write characters, with such ________ method, so can be fascinating, very vivid.
10. fill in the blanks of the text of the words, the most appropriate one is ()
A. according to the language suddenly brief action B. according to the language suddenly briefly act
C. qualifying language suddenly brief behavior D. comment suddenly brief action
11. last sentence of the last sentence of the text should be filled in the line of the concluding words that summarize the method of the "Water Margin" describes the characters, the correct one is ()
12. One is ( )
A. Portrait B. Action C. Generalization followed by localization D. From far to near
12. The method of argumentation in this passage is _______.
III. writing.
13．Read Wen Yiduo's Song of the Seven Sons-Macao and write a 300-word commentary on its ideological content or artistic features.
Song of the Seven Sons - Macau
Wen Yiduo
Did you know that "A-Ma Kong" is not my real name? ......
I have been away from your swaddling clothes for too long, Mother!
But it is my flesh they have taken,
You still hold the soul of my heart.
O birth mother of three hundred years of dreaming!
Please call me "Macau" by my maiden name!
Mother! I want to come back, Mother!
14. With reference to the writing style of Talking about the Characters and Structures of Water Margin, write a literary criticism of not less than 800 words on the topic of Talking about the Characters and Structures of Lin Jiao Tou's Wind and Snow in the Temple of the Mountain God.
Requirements: Characters, should be Lin Chong; structure, can be commented around the development of Lin Chong's character.
Reference Answers
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C
6. ①Lin Chong ②Lu Da ③Lin Chong ④Lin Chong ⑤Gao Nga Nai ⑥Yang Zhi ⑦Liang Zhongshu ⑧Lu Da
7. A 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. D
12. Example, Metaphorical Argumentation 13. (omitted)14. (omitted)