Lecture 1: Modern Literature
I. Word Scanning
1. Know How to Read and Write
The First Lesson
Delusional Thinking (chī xiǎng)
Cryptic (yǐn mì)
Iron Green (tiě qī ng)
Congealed (níng chéng)
Temptation (yòu huò)
Hustle (xuān téng)
A Moment (yī shùn jiān)
Major events rendered (dà shì xuàn rǎn)
Catharsis (xuān xiè)
寒暄（hán xuān）
水泄不通（shuǐ xiè bù tōng）
一泻千里（yī xiè qiān lǐ）
第二课
训诫（xùn jiè)
耸立（sǒng lì）
迂回（yū huí)
凝视（níng shì）
啜泣（chuò qì）
啜茗（chuò míng ）
笔耕不辍（bǐ gēng bú chuò）
点缀（diǎn zhuì）
纳罕（nà hǎn)
thin bones（shòu gǔ lín xú n )
心惊肉跳(xīn jīng ròu tiào)
头晕目眩(tóu yūn mù xuàn)
故弄玄虚(gù nòng xuán xū)
小心小心(xiǎo xīn yì yì)
The Third Lesson
零落(líng luò )
Broken (duàn xù)
Collected (shōu liǎn)
Forgiveness (kuān shù)
Humble (bēi wēi)
Meticulous (yī sī bù gǒu)
Rattling (guō guō)
Fourth Lesson
Yell ( rāng)
Spike (suì)
Cabin (cāng)
Bloom (zhàn)
Sedimentation (chén diàn)
Cooperative (còu)
Brewing (niàng)
Eminence (fā duān)
Finality (zhōng jí)
Bèng jiàn (bèng jiàn)
Tiǎo dòu (tiǎo dòu)
Fán mì (fán mì)
Zhù lì (zhù lì)
Níng wàng (níng wàng )
Lǒng zhào (lǒng zhào)
Líng dīng (líng dīng)
稀零 （xī ling）
忍忍俊（rěn jùn bù jīn）
仙露琼浆（xiān lù qióng jiāng）[来源:学. Science. Z. X. X. K]
Bee surrounded by butterfly array (fēng wéi dié zhèn)
盘虬卧龙 (pán qiú wò lóng)
浮想联翩 (fú xiǎng lián piān)
甘拜下风(gān bài xià fēng)
Bond (jī bàn) [Source: 學。科. )[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]
挑衅（tiǎoxìn）
澎湃（péng pài）
2.会译会用
(1)隐秘：隐蔽，不外露。
(2) A moment: in the blink of an eye.
(3) Nahan: surprised, amazed.
(4) Sob: to sob, to huff and puff.
(5) raucous: persistently noisy, distracting
(6) forgiving: tolerant of forgiveness
(7) can't help but laugh: can't help laughing. [Source:Academic]
(8) Lingding: lonely, without dependence. [Source:Academic. Section. Net Z.X.X.K]
II. Literary Sentence Collection
In-class Accumulation
1. On the other side of the mountain is the sea! It's the sea congealed with faith.
2.--The snow-white tide of the sea, night after night, comes running in / And again and again it wets my dry heart.
3.-I remind myself not to think of the rocks far below, but to focus on that first small step, taking that step and then the next, until I reach the place I'm meant to be.
4. It must live well in order to live on.
5. Each flower in full bloom is like a small, full sail with a pointed-bottomed cabin underneath, and the cabin is bulging, and it looks like a smile that you can't help but see is about to blossom.
Expansion outside the classroom
Verses on flowers and trees
A.Peach blossoms outside the bamboo are three or two in number, and the ducks are the first to know the warmth of the water in the spring river. (Su Shi) B. The sunrise flowers of the river are more red than fire, and the water of the river is as green as blue in spring. (Bai Juyi) C. Early warblers compete for the warmth of the trees, whose new swallow pecks the spring mud. (Bai Juyi) D. The flowers are in disarray, and the shallow grass has no hooves. (Bai Juyi) E. The rain of apricot blossoms is wet on my clothes, and the wind of willow is not cold on my face. (Zhinan) F. The rain falls one after another during the Qingming Festival, and the pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. (Du Mu) G. The willow does not cover the spring color, a branch of red apricots out of the wall. (Lu You) H. The small lotus is only showing its tip, and there are dragonflies standing on it. (Yang Wanli) I. I love the maple forest in the evening, and the frosty leaves are redder than the February flowers. (Du Mu) J. Falling red is not an unfeeling thing, turning into spring mud to protect the flowers. (Gong Zizhen)
Three, literary information [source: learning, science, network Z, X, X, K]
1, "On the Other Side of the Mountain" from the "Yangtze River Literature and Art", the author of Wang Jiaxin, this is a modern poem, the poet uses the technique of symbolism, taking the image of the mountains and the sea. The sea is a metaphor for the ideal, the mountains are a metaphor for the difficulties, and climbing is a metaphor for hard work. It tells people that the journey towards the ideal is a long one, but as long as they persevere in their struggle, the ideal will be realized in the end.
2. The author of "Take a Step, Take Another Step" is the American writer Morton Hunt. Hunter, this article describes "my" childhood, a "risk" experience. The article contains a philosophy: on the road of life, no matter what kind of difficulties and obstacles, as long as the big difficulties are broken down into small difficulties, one by one to seriously solve the small difficulties, will eventually overcome the great difficulties and win the final victory.
3, "two short essays" (cicadas) by Xiaosi, formerly known as Lu Weiluan, (shell) by Ximurong.
4, "Wisteria Falls" from the "Tie xiao man language", is a female writer Zong Pu's essay. Through stopping to watch a tree of wisteria in full bloom, this essay transforms the original grief and anxiety into tranquility and joy. He realizes that "flowers and human beings encounter all kinds of misfortunes, but the river of life is endless". Instead of letting yesterday's misfortunes overwhelm you, you should be like the wisteria flower and devote yourself to the river of life with full vitality, navigating on the river of sparkling flowers.
5, "Child's Interest" from the Qing Dynasty writer Shen Fu "Six Records of a Floating Life" in the chapter "Idle Interests", the main theme of this paper is the writer's childhood "outside the interest of things.
Four, basic exercises
1. The following note is wrong, please correct.
Demented (chí) heart Hidden (yníg) secret Bloom (diàn) open Cascade (bào) cloth Concrete (líng) into [Source: Zxxk.Com]
擎（qín）天 Sipping (zhuì) sobbing Pan gnarled (yóu) 骚(shāo)扰
2．Find out the misspellings in the following phrases, and correct them.
They are all so bad that they are white, so bad that the bees are surrounded by the butterflies and the butterflies are all over the town. [Source: Study*Science*Net]
Carefulness: solemn respect: Can't help it: happy to be at ease: behemoth: clear-cut
4. Explain the words in bold below in context.
(1) My heart beats winter and winter in my thin, bony chest. [Source:Study. Section. Net Z.X.X.K]
Explanation:
(2) But the long river of life is endless.
Explanation:
Reference Answer
1. chī yǐn zhàn níng qíng chuò qiú sāo
2. regret - shake Collapse - spoil Town --The following is a list of some of the most important things you can do to help your child.
3. Careful: careful and cautious, not daring to be negligent in the slightest. Can't help it: can't help laughing. Yiran Yifan: pleasant, self-congratulatory. Pang Behemoth: describes something that is large and bulky. Mingchaqiuhao: a metaphor for being very shrewd and seeing any small problems clearly.
4. (1), Jagged: describes a situation where the body is thin and weak. (2), This is a metaphorical expression comparing life to a long river.
V. Reading Enhancement (Read the passages in the lesson and answer the questions)
(1) Read the first stanza of the poem and complete the following questions.
On the other side of the mountain
When I was a child, I used to crouch at the window and wonder
-What is on the other side of the mountain?
Mother told me: the sea
Oh, is the sea on the other side of the mountain?
So, with a secret wish
One day I finally climbed up to the top of that mountain
But I came back almost in tears
-On the other side of the mountain, it was still the mountain
Oh, the mountain on the other side of the mountain, with an iron face,
Giving my A zero for my fantasy!
Mom, where is that sea?
1. Why did I climb to the top of the mountain and come back crying?
2. "O mountain on the other side of the hill, with an iron face, gave my fantasy a zero!" What rhetorical device is used in this verse? Please briefly analyze its expressive effect.
3. Can you read the specific meanings of "mountain" and "sea" in this stanza? Please analyze them briefly.
Analysis: Question 1 is about the understanding of the content of the poem, Question 2 is about the understanding of the rhetorical techniques used in the poem, and Question 3 is about the understanding of the refined and subtle language of the poem.
Reference Answers:
1. On the other side of the mountain, there are still mountains.
2. Anthropomorphism. The author used rich imagination to personify and visualize the mountain, vividly writing out the feelings of "my" heart, showing "my" inner extreme disappointment.
3, for the "sea", I was with a secret hope to pursue, where the "sea" is a bright, free, ideal realm of symbols. But the "mountain", but "to my fantasy scored a zero", knocked "my" dream, let "my" ideal fall through. ideal. The "mountain" here is the road that leads to the ideal, and it is the heavy difficulties, the road of difficulties.
(2) Read the following and answer the questions that follow
①I couldn't help but stop in my tracks.
②I have never seen such a full bloom of the vine, only a brilliant lavender, like a waterfall, hanging down from the air, do not see its beginning, nor do I see its end. Just shades of purple, as if in the flow, in laughter, in non-stop growth. On the purple banner, there is a bit of silver light, like a splash of water. When you look closely, you realize that it is the lightest part of each purple flower, teasing each other with the sunlight.
③There are no crowds of flower-appreciators, no bees or butterflies here, now that the spring blush is over. All there is is this tree of glittering, blooming vines. The flowers are in bunches, one after another, pushing and squeezing each other, so lively and lively!
4 "I'm blooming!" They were laughing.
5 "I'm blooming!" they yelled. They yell ( ).
6Each spike ( ) is full of flowers at the top, and the ones at the bottom are waiting to bloom. The color was then lighter on top and darker on the bottom, as if the purple had settled ( ) down, in the tenderest and smallest buds. Each bloom is like a small, open sail. Under the sail with a pointed bottom of the cabin, the cabin bulging; and like a smile that can not help but bloom like. What kind of dew was in there? I went up and tried to pluck one.
⑦But I didn't pick it. I'm not in the habit of picking flowers. I just stood and stared, feeling that this wisteria waterfall was not only in front of my eyes, but also slowly flowing over my heart. As it flowed, it took away the anxiety and grief that had been weighing on my heart all these times, which was about the mystery of life and death, and the love of brothers and sisters. I was so immersed in the light of this dense blossom that nothing else existed for the time being, but only peace of mind and the joy of life.
8 After so many years, the vine bloomed again, and bloomed so profusely, so densely, that purple waterfalls covered the thick, gnarled branches, and flowed on and on and on into people's hearts.
⑨Flowers and people encounter all kinds of misfortunes, but the long river of life is endless. I stroked the tiny purple flower pod, which was full of the wine of life ( ), and it opened its sails and sailed on the river of glittering flowers; it was one of ten thousand flowers, and it was one flower after another that made up the flowing waterfall of ten thousand splendid flowers.
⑩In this light purple glory and light purple fragrance, I could not help but quicken my pace.
1. What is the effect of the arrangement of the opening single sentence into a paragraph?
2. Pronounce the punctuated words in parentheses in the text.
3. What does the word "brilliant" mean in paragraph 2? What is the effect of its expression?
4. What rhetorical devices are used in the underlined sentences in paragraph 2? It has what effect?
5. What are the characteristics of the vine flower in the underlined sentence in paragraph ③?
6, paragraph (7), "I just Yan Li gazing" in the "gazing" can be replaced by "watching" why?
7, the seventh paragraph of the natural part of the wavy line sentence "flow by flow by" echoed the previous word?
8, paragraph 9, "flowers and people will encounter a variety of misfortunes ......" sentence in the text of the meaning of what?
9, paragraph ⑩ with "light purple" to describe "fragrant" is not a good match? Why?
10. What is missing from these selections in terms of meaning? What are the shortcomings of this writing?
Reference Answers
1. It sums up the writer's feelings and emphasizes that the wisteria flowers are in full bloom. 2. rǎng suì diàn niàng 3. The original meaning of the phrase is "radiant and brilliant". The vivid image of the wisteria flowers in full bloom. 4, anthropomorphism, simile, the wisteria flowers will be written alive, like lively children, laughing and growing. A simile, and the showy mood of the wisteria flowers. 5, bloomed densely, full of vitality. 6, can not. The word "gazing" means to look at, describe to look out of breath. The word "gazing" means to look at. The waterfall can not express the author's mood at this time. 7, the waterfall 8, pointing out the center of the article, the feelings of the article sublimation. 9, on the surface does not seem to match, from the content of the view is matched, because the light purple, not only refers to the color, which has become a wisteria flower pronouns. 10, these selections are missing to recall the description of the scene of the wisteria more than ten years ago the tragedy of the scene, which makes the main idea of the sentence of the 9th paragraph The main idea of paragraph 9 is that it lacks a reference and loses its power of generalization.
Lecture 2: Literary Language
I. Word Accumulation
(1)
[YU]I.
[童稚(zhì)]幼小. Wizened, young.
[qiu hao] The newborn slender feathers of birds in the fall. It is a metaphor for the tiniest things. Hair, fine hair.
[Therefore] so.
[Outside] beyond the thing itself.
[Private] secretly, secretly.
[Mimic] compare. To compare, to compare, to liken.
[To] approach.
[Ang head] To look up. Ang, lift. [item] Neck, neck.
[plain tent] An undyed tent.
[Xu] slowly.
[Guan] to see, to view.
[Fruit] really.
[唳(lì)]鸟鸣.
[怡（yí）然]At ease, pleasant.
[定神]使精神安定.
[Take ...... as ......]Take ...... as .......
[Gravel (lì)] broken stone, broken tile.
[Gully (hè)] pit valley, deep ditch.
[Shenyu] Excursion into an imaginary realm, pleasant and satisfying.
[Xing] interest.
[Gai] means "original".
[for (wèi)] to be.
[Square] square.
[whip] To strike with a whip.
[dozens]Dozens.
[Drive] to drive, expel.
(2) Tongyongzhi (通假字)
[强]通 "僵"，僵硬的意思。
(iii) Idioms
[Mingchaqiuhao] Ming, sight. Chia, see clearly. Originally, it describes the sharpness of the eyes, even the tiniest thing can be seen clearly. Later, it describes a person's insight into things. [Yiran Yifu] describes the comfortable, pleasant and satisfied look. [Yiran Shaofei] describes a very happy heart. [Pang Behemoth] Something huge in appearance. [Summer Mosquito] The sound of mosquitoes in summer is like thunder, describing a lot of mosquitoes.
Second, general knowledge of literature
This text is taken from "Six Records of a Floating Life? Idle Recollections of Interests. The author Shen Fu, a literary scholar of the Qing Dynasty.
Overall grasp
This article centers on the "interest in things outside" recounts several interesting things in childhood: first, mosquitoes into the thunder as a "flock of cranes dancing in the air", "cranes at the top of the clouds! The first is to take the mosquito into the thunder as "a group of cranes dancing in the air" and "a crane flying in the clouds"; the second is to take the grass, insects and ants, soil and gravel as woods, beasts and ravines, and swim in them; and the third is to drive away the toads when observing the bugs.
The first paragraph first points out the main theme of "the interest of the outside world", the second, third and fourth paragraphs of the account of the events described. The author uses the phrase "the interest of things outside" to summarize several events, which is intended to show that he already had a spontaneous sense of aesthetics and aesthetic interest when he was young.
Three, reading inquiry
From the first paragraph, what kind of skills, habits and gains do I have when I was young?
The ability: open eyes to the sun, see clearly. Habits: see the small things, will be carefully examined its texture. Harvest: sometimes there are things outside the interest.
What is the word that reflects the center of the text?
Out-of-this-world interest.
What are some of the things that are written around the phrase "the interest of the outside world"?
(a) The fun of likening mosquitoes to white cranes.
(2) The fun of wandering through a fantasy world of grass, gravel, insects and ants.
(3) The fun of watching bug fights and driving away toads.
What are the words that express the author's mood? What are their functions?
Words: "happy to be happy", "happy to be happy", "wandering", "ah-ran" and so on.
Role
Function: the image truly reflects the children's psychology of looking at things, showing the "interest in things outside", so that the reader is like being there.
Speculate the author will be toad "driven to another yard" purpose.
Possibly to avenge the "two bugs", mainly because it destroys his own aesthetic interest.
What is the statement in the fourth paragraph that shows the author's "childishness"?
Shending, catching toads, whipping dozens of them, and driving them to another yard.
What is the basis and key to the author's "interest in things outside"?
Foundation: meticulous observation. The key: rich imagination.
What is the basis and the key to the "interest in things outside the world" that the author got from the article?
1 Strong curiosity. ② A careful observation. ③ A rich imagination.
Transfer application
What do you learn from this article?
1 To love animals and nature, 2 live in harmony with life in nature.
3 To get a good experience to have a strong sense of curiosity, keen observation, rich imagination. [Source:discipline.com]
4 To be good at finding beauty in ordinary life,5 to have a childlike heart,6 to be an affectionate person.
You must have had some wonderful experiences in your childhood, write them down and share them with everyone.
(e.g.: observing ants moving, imagining them as an "army" supporting the front line; seeing snowflakes floating in the sky, treating them as flowers; building a small pond to block the water source and then opening the dam, imagining it as the Yellow River breaking its banks; playing house with pine needles when you are "playing house") "when, take the pine needles as leeks, take the handkerchief as bedding, take the rag doll as a child, take the small box as a house, hand manual, mouth said, intoxicated, the joy of it. (......)
How do you be a person of interest in life?
Open-minded, not tired of life; in case of trouble, the use of imagination to take the difficulties and setbacks as a friend's good-natured jokes; the good and bad things they encountered as life's gift to them; have a little bit of the "Q spirit" and so on.
Read the following ancient poem and talk about the mood it contains.
Fourth, translation
Children's interest (Shen Fu)
Yu remembered that when I was a child, I was able to open my eyes to the sun, and I was able to see the smallest things in detail, so I always had an interest in things outside of the world.
Summer mosquitoes into the thunder, privately proposed as a flock of cranes dancing in the air, the heart of the direction, or thousands or hundreds, really cranes; head up and watch, the item for the strong. And stay in the mosquito in the tent, Xu sprayed with smoke, so that the smoke and chirping, for the green clouds and white cranes view, such as cranes in the clouds, for which I am pleased to say fast.
Yu often in the earth wall concave and convex place, flower platform small grassy place, squatting its body, so that with the platform; fixed attention to see, to the grass for the forest, to the insects and mosquitoes for the beasts, to the soil and gravel convex for the mound, concave for the gully, the gods swim in it, happy.
One day, see two insects fighting between the grass, view, Xing is thick, suddenly there is a huge thing, pulling down trees and come, cover a toad, tongue a spit and two insects are swallowed. Yu young, Fang out of focus, do not realize that Yaran a shock. The god fixed, catch the toad, whip dozens, driven to the other yard.
Translation:
I think back to when I was a young man, I could open my eyes wide and look straight at the sun, my eyesight was very good, and every time I met something small, I must carefully observe its texture, so I could often feel the pleasure of going beyond the thing itself.
Summer night, the mosquito swarms issued a thunderous cry, I mentally compared them to a flock of cranes flying in the air, so I thought, there really appeared in front of my eyes a thousand white cranes; looking up at them, even the neck became stiff. I left a few mosquitoes in the white tent, and slowly sprayed them with smoke, so that they rushed at the smoke and flew and screamed at the same time, forming a picture of green clouds and white cranes, and it was really like a flock of cranes making a scream by the side of the green clouds, which made me feel happy.
I often squatted down in the uneven place of the earth wall, in the weedy place on the flower platform, so that my body was as high as the platform, and I took the grass for the woods, the bugs and mosquitoes for the wild beasts, and the protruding part of the earth for the hills, and the low-slung part for the ravines, and then I traveled in the realm under the assumption that I was happy and satisfied.
One day, I saw two small insects in the grass fight, (then squatted down) to observe, interest is strong, suddenly there is a great, great beast uprooting mountains and trees, it was a toad, tongue spit out, the two small insects were all eaten by it. I was very young, was watching out of breath, could not help but wow scream. When I recovered my senses, I caught the toad and lashed it with dozens of lashes and drove it to other yards.
Fifth, the literary reading
(A) read the following literary text, complete the questions
Yu remember when I was a child, I can open my eyes to the sun, clearly see the autumn and the hairs, see the smallest thing must be examined in detail the texture, so there is an interest in the outside of the object.
Summer mosquitoes into the thunder, privately proposed as a flock of cranes dancing in the air, the heart of the direction, or thousands or hundreds, really cranes; head up and watch, the item for the strong. And stay in the mosquito in the tent, Xu sprayed with smoke, so that the smoke and chirping, for the green clouds and white cranes view, such as cranes in the clouds, for which I am pleased to say fast.
Yu often in the earth wall concave and convex place, flower platform small grassy place, squatting its body, so that with the platform; fixed attention to see, to the grass for the forest, to the insects and mosquitoes for the beasts, to the soil and gravel convex for the mound, concave for the ravine, God swim in which, happy.
One day, see two insects fighting between the grass, view, Xing is thick, suddenly there is a huge thing, pulling down trees and come, cover a toad, tongue a spit and two insects are swallowed. Yu young, Fang out of focus, do not realize that ah a shock. The god fixed, catch the toad, whip dozens, driven to another yard.
1, the author when he was a child, sometimes outside the interest of things, the key reason is:
2, the third paragraph of the "forest" "beast" "hills" "Gully" all a wonderful situation entirely from the author's keen childlike mind, they are referring to:
3, four paragraphs of the "behemoth" refers to:
The plucked "mountain" refers to. similar and childlike situations? Write it out and share it with your classmates.
[Source:学科网ZXXK]
5.Author's childhood leisure, so that he later became a literary scholar, what do you get from this?
(2) Read the following and answer the questions that follow.
Kuang Heng, character Zhi Gui, studied hard but had no candle. The neighboring houses had candles but could not catch them. He was able to read the book by reflecting the light through the wall. Eup people surnamed Wen Tuo (name), rich books, Heng was with their servants and do not ask for payment. The master asked Hen, "I would like to read the master's book all over the place." The master sighed and gave him a book, so he became a university.
Hen was able to say "Poetry", and the people said: "If you don't say "Poetry", Kuang Ding will come; if you say "Poetry", you will be able to solve people's problems." Ding, Heng small name. The people of the time were afraid to serve as such, and those who heard it all laughed and smiled. Hengyi people have said "Poetry", Hengyi from the language, questioning, the euphonium frustrated (convinced), pour shoes () and go. Heng chased after him and said, "Mr. Heng, stay and listen to the previous argument!" The euphonious man said: "Poor!" So he went away and did not return. (From Ge Hong's Miscellany of the Western Capital, Jin Dynasty)
6. Explain the punctuated words in the following sentences.
Euphem ( ) people surnamed Wen did not know with his ( ) commissioned without seeking compensation
The people feared to serve as such ( ) Euphemia said, "Poor [ ] carry on!"
7. Explain the sentences drawing the "---" line in the text.
Would like to have the master's book read all over:
Mr. stayed to listen, more reasoning before the argument:
8. Please summarize the first natural paragraph of the selected text to write Kuangheng diligently read two small things.
①
②
参考答案
1、看到藐小的物必细察其纹理 2、丛草、虫蚊、土砾凸者、凹者 3、癞虾蟆 土砾凸者 丛草 4、略 5、略 6、同乡 他、指文不识 如此、像这样 穷尽 7、(1)I hope to read all of the master's books through (2) Mr. Stop and listen to me, please. You then talk about the previous point of view 8, (1) diligent learning without candle, through the wall to guide the light reading (2) with the people commissioned to do not ask for compensation, would like to read all the master book.