From the 2nd century B.C. to the 16th century A.D., the Silk Road was the main transportation artery between Asia and Europe in ancient times, with silk as the bulk trade for long-distance trade and cultural exchanges. It was the road of integration, exchange and dialogue between the civilizations and cultures of the East and the West. This goes from Chang'an/Luoyang, China, west through Central Asia to the Mediterranean region and south to the South Asian subcontinent. It spreads over an area of about 10,000 kilometers long from east to west and about 3,000 kilometers wide from north to south across the Eurasian continent. It is the intercontinental cultural route with the richest communication content and the largest transportation scale in human history. How did the Silk Road go? The Silk Road passed through more than 40 countries and 100 cities, including China, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, India, Pakistan, Turkey, Romania and the Netherlands. Historically, the Silk Road had many routes, which changed with the times. Silk Road Eastern Route: from Chang Bei'an, the main route through Binxian, Tianshui, Lanzhou, Xining, connecting Wuwei, Zhangye, Dunhuang in the Hexi Corridor; Xining to Ruoqiang branch. Silk Road middle route: from Dunhuang, along the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains through Jimusar to Yining is divided into the northern line; along the southern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains, Turpan, Kucha to Kashgar in the middle line; along the northern foothills of the Kunlun Mountains, through the Ruoqiang, Hetian to Kashgar in the southern line. Silk Road western route: divided into from Kashgar through Fergana, Samarkand, Bukhara, Tehran, Istanbul to Rome in the middle line; from Kashgar through Balkh, Herat, Isfahan, Baghdad, Damascus to Alexandria in the south line;
Silk Road important nodes of the history of the place name cross-reference table
Xi'an important nodes of the Silk Road city introduction An: it is called Chang'an in Ancient times. Historically, thirteen dynasties, including Western Han, Xin Mang, Eastern Han (Emperor Xian of Han), Western Jin (Emperor Yin of Jin), Pre-Qin, Post-Qin, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang, built their capitals here. During the Han and Tang dynasties, it was the political, economic and cultural center of the dynasty, a famous cosmopolitan city and the starting point of the Silk Road. The name was changed to the present in the Ming Dynasty. Existing sites include Chang Weiyang Palace site Han Chang'an City, Zhang Qian's tomb, Daming Palace site in Chang Tang City, Big Wild Goose Pagoda, Small Wild Goose Pagoda, Xingjiao Temple Pagoda and other important sites of the Silk Road. Tianshui: Shangui County in the Western Han Dynasty. Sui was the seat of Tianshui County. It was administered by Zhou Qin in the Tang Dynasty, with no changes in the later period. Zhouqin was renamed today in 1913. It was an important town on the eastern section of the Silk Road. There are the Maijishan Grottoes, which have been excavated since the late Qin Dynasty. Lanzhou: Jincheng County in the Han Dynasty, Lanzhou was ruled by the Tang, Song and Yuan. It came under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province in the Qing Dynasty and was renamed to its present name, which has been in use ever since. Today, it is the capital of Gansu Province and an important town on the eastern central route of the Silk Road. 130 kilometers to the southwest, there are the Bingling Temple Grottoes, excavated in the late Qin Dynasty. Wuwei: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took the land west of the river and set up Wuwei County. Later dynasties were Liangzhou or West Liangzhou (prefecture) Yamen, known as Wuwei. The county was abolished in the Republic of China. It was a major town in the Hexi Corridor, the eastern trunk of the Silk Road. Xining: from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, it was the seat of Xiping County. Tangshan Town. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was also known as Qingtang City, which was later changed to Xining Prefecture. It was changed from a state to a county in the Qing Dynasty, and is now the capital of Qinghai Province. The eastern branch of the Silk Road, a major town on the Qinghai Road and the Tangfan Ancient Road. Zhangye: Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty collected the land of Hexi and managed it by setting up Zhangye County. Western Jin Dynasty renamed Yongping. Successive generations later for the seat of Ganzhou, so the name today. For
2. Silk Road tourist route name
From the Silk Road route, the Han Dynasty, there are two Silk Road from Dunhuang: one is from the southwest
The end of the Western Han Dynasty, Dunhuang Yumenguan northward, through the Iwu (today's Hami), the wall of the Gaochang wall (today's Turfan Basin) to the Yuliu, all the way westward. By the Tang Dynasty, the Silk Road underwent two changes: one was westward along the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains, where the Central Asians lived, opening up a road from Yiwu to Prehai (present-day Barkun); the other was the abandoned Yumen Pass, the passage between Loulan and Yuli.
This change led to the beginning of the Silk Road at Shazhou (as Dunhuang was called in the Tang Dynasty), and the decline of Yumen Pass and Hechang City northwest of Shazhou. However, the relationship and reasons between the abandonment of the road and the decline of Hecang City need to be further explored. The solution of this problem is necessarily related to the environmental changes in the northwest of a large area.
Ancient Loulan, located not far from the northwest coast of Lop Nor, was once an important node of the Silk Road. However, during the Han Dynasty, Loulan was connected to Dunhuang in the east and Shule in the west, and was an important connection point on the Silk Road. During the Western Han Dynasty, under the influence of Xiongnu, ancient Loulan often attacked and robbed Han envoys, destroying transportation, so it was defeated by Han soldiers and moved its capital to today's Ruoqiang. The northwestern shore of the former Lop Nor was the land where Han officials settled their fields. By the Sui and Tang dynasties, this area had changed dramatically.
3. Background of Silk Road Tourist Route Design
Dunhuang was a major town on the Silk Road. At that time, because of the Silk Road, the route of the spread of Buddhism and the accumulation of wealth in Dunhuang, Dunhuang Grottoes excavation, the murals of the grottoes and so splendid Dunhuang culture.
In the distant Middle Ages, the pioneers traveled from west to east along the overland Silk Road. In the Middle Ages, when transportation was closed, Buddhism had a wide influence in the hearts of Asian peoples, whose followers accepted Buddhist teachings according to the needs of the time, their national temperament, customs and social conditions, and molded their own images with their own aesthetic and artistic skills. Therefore, the brilliant and spectacular Dunhuang cave art formed through Sino-foreign exchanges is not only the unique treasure of the Chinese nation, but also the crystallization of cultural exchanges with the people of other countries. It is a pearl in the world's cultural treasury, loved by the Chinese people and admired by the people of the world.
4. China Silk Road Travel Route Map
This; Silk Road connects the Central Asian oasis city of Xi'anan (ancient Changan) as its starting point. On the way it was divided into three routes in the country. They are:
1. North Tianshan Road: Xi'anan - Dunhuang - Hami - Urumqi - Ili - Soviet (Russian) territory - Rome.
2. North Western Region Road: Xi'anan - Dunhuang - Hami - Turpan - Yanqi - Korla - Kuqa - Aksu - Kashgar - Pamir - Central Asia.
3. South Western Road: Xi'anan - Loulan - Zhimao - Niya - Hotan - Kashgar - Pamir - Central Asia - West Asia.
There are many historical and cultural sites along China's Silk Road. There are: the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang, known as the eighth wonder of the world, the Famen Temple, which preserves the bones of Sakyamuni Buddha, the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, the Maiji Mountain Grottoes, the ruins of the Great Wall in Jiayuguan, the ruins of the Han Dynasty beacon towers, the Ta'er Monastery, the famous Tibetan Buddhist monasteries, and the ruins of the ancient city of Gaochang, a major town on the Silk Road.
In addition, the Bird Island of Qinghai Lake, the Swan Nature Reserve of Bayinbuluk Grassland, the Tianchi deep in the Tianshan Mountains, the Qinghai Salt Lake, the Ya'egg Landform of Lop Nor, the Flaming Mountains of Turpan, and the Ghost City of Keramayi, all add infinite charm to the Silk Road.
Finally, the Silk Road in China covers an area spanning Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and other Chinese provinces. Many ethnic minorities live here. They are hospitable and can sing and dance well. In areas where ethnic minorities gather, tourists can experience local ethnic life, enjoy ethnic songs and dances, participate in weddings and festivals of local residents, and buy exquisite ethnic handicrafts.
5. Silk Road Tourism Route Map
The Maritime Silk Road (Ceramics Road) was a sea route for ancient Chinese and foreign transportation, trade and cultural exchanges. It was mainly centered on the South China Sea, and the starting point was Quanzhou and Guangzhou, so it was also known as the South China Sea Silk Road. The Maritime Silk Road was formed in the Qin and Han Dynasties, developed in the Three Kingdoms and Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and changed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is the oldest known maritime route. Land Silk Road, referred to as the Silk Road. Refers to Zhang Qian in the Western Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago) opened up the land route Xiahou _ mission to the West, is from Chang'an (now Xi'an An) and Luoyang in Eastern Han Dynasty, through Gansu, Xinjiang, to Central Asia, West Asia, connecting the Mediterranean countries (this road is also called the Northwest Silk Road to distinguish between the other two named the Silk Road later).
Because silk products have the greatest impact on the goods shipped to the West on this road, so the difference between this name are mainly: first of all, the reason for prosperity is different, the former is porcelain, the latter is silk; contact with the countries are not quite the same. The former is East Asia, South Asia and the West's coastal countries. The latter is mainly Central Asia, West Asia and European countries; and, the starting point is different, the former is the coast of South China; the latter is mainly in the Central Plains and Guanzhong region.
010 to 1010, the route of the Silk Road was from Guangzhou to the Straits of Mantsega (present-day Malacca) by ship. to Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka), India and East Africa.
The starting points of the Maritime Silk Road were mainly Guangzhou and Quanzhou. In the pre-Qin period, Lingnan ancestors in the South China Sea and even the South Pacific coast and its islands opened up a trade circle with ceramics as a link. In the Tang Dynasty, Guangzhou through the sea road China's earliest name is this was then the world's longest maritime silk road.
6. China's Silk Road travel routes which
Silk Road is divided into the desert Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road. The Silk Road is divided into eastern, central and western sections. The eastern section runs from Chang'an to Dunhuang, the middle section from Dunhuang to Onion Ling or Biluo Temple, and the western section from Onion Ling to Rome. There were three main maritime routes: 1. The Eastern Ocean Route ran from China's coastal ports to Korea and Japan. 2. The Southern Ocean Route ran from China's coastal ports to Southeast Asian countries. 3. The Western Route ran from China's coastal ports to the coasts of South Asia, Arabia, and East Africa.
The Oasis Silk Road is the main route of the Northern Silk Road, which is more than 7,000 kilometers long and is divided into three sections, namely, the Eastern, Central and Western sections. From Chang'an to Dunhuang for the eastern section to three lines for the west of Chang'an:
1. The northern line from Chang'an, along the Weihe River to Guoxian (now Baoji), over the Longxian (now Longxian), over the Liupan Mountains Guyuan, Haiyuan, along the Zu Li River, over the Yellow River to Jingyuan Guzang (now Wuwei). Is an early route, short distance, poor supply conditions along the way.
2. South line from Chang'an to Longguan, on the village (now s water), drip road (now Lintao), Han Jian (now Linxia) along the Wei River, from Yongjing to the Yellow River, through Xining, through the larger Batu Valley (now biaduokou) to Zhangye.
3. The center and south line divided on the village road, over Lushan, to Jincheng County (now Lanzhou), across the Yellow River, back to the Zhuanglang River, turn the Wushengling to Guzhang. The southern line, although the supply conditions are good, but the detour time is long, so the central line later became the main line.
After the north and south lines converge, Zhangye passes through Jiuquan and Guazhou to Dunhuang.
The middle section: Dunhuang to Congling (today's Pamir Plateau) or Jurus (today's city of Zambul, Kazakhstan).
From Yumen Pass and Yang Pass, there were two exits from the West: from Shanshan, to the north of Nanshan, to the west of Boga, to Shache, south, and then west across the Jungle Pass to Dayue may his family rest in peace. From Cheshi Xiahou_'s former royal court (modern Turpan), along the northern mountains and Boga to Shule (modern Kashgar) is the northern road. To the west of this road were Dawan, Kangju and Anzai (between the Black Sea and the Aral Sea). There were two important forks in the Northern Road: one from Yanqi to the southwest, across the Taklamakan Desert to Yutian on the Southern Road; and one from Guzi (present-day Kuqa) to the west through Gumo (Aksu), Wensu (Ushi), and Pambada
Western Segment: Congling (or Pelosi) to Rome. The western section of the Silk Road covered a wide area, including Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia and Europe. Historically, there were many countries and complex ethnic relations, so the route changed frequently and could be roughly divided into three routes:
1. The South Road traveled westward from the Congling of the more Hindu Kush Mountains to Kabul, Afghanistan, and then split into two roads. One traveled west to Herat to join the middle route from Cheng Lang, then west through Baghdad and Damascus to Sidon or Beirut on the eastern Mediterranean coast, then by sea to Rome. The other line went south from Peshawar to South Asia.
2. The Middle Road (Hanbei Road) extends northwest from Yue Onion Ridge to Shi Lang, one intersecting the South Island Road and the other through Tehran and the South Island Road.
3. The North New Road was also divided into two routes, one westward, after reaching Khan (now Fergana), Kang (now Samarkand), An (now Bukhara), traveled to Mulu and the Middle Road; once it reached Eros, it traveled northwestward along the Syr Darya River, skirting the Aral Sea and the northern coast of the Caspian Sea to reach Tana on the eastern coast of the Sea of Azov, and then turned toward Kerch by water to arrive in Constantinople (now Istanbul).
The Maritime Silk Road began in the Qin and Han dynasties, flourished in the Sui and Tang dynasties, flourished in the Song and Yuan dynasties, reached its peak in the early Ming Dynasty, and declined in the middle of the Ming Dynasty due to the prohibition of the sea. Important starting points of the Maritime Silk Road were Quanzhou, Panyu (present-day Guangzhou), Mingzhou (present-day Ningbo), Yangzhou, Dengzhou (present-day Penglai), and Liu Jiagang. The same dynasty may have had two or more starting points of the Maritime Silk Road. The largest ports were Guangzhou and Quanzhou. From the Qin and Han dynasties to the Tang and Song dynasties, Guangzhou was the largest commercial port in China. Guangzhou became the only Chinese port open to the outside world after the sea ban of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Quanzhou originated in the Tang Dynasty and became the largest port in the East during the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
The Silk Road through the ages can also be divided into three major routes:
1. The Eastern Route traveled from China's coastal ports to Korea and Japan.
2. The Southern Ocean Route went from China's coastal ports to Southeast Asian countries.
3. The Western route runs from China's coastal ports to the coastal countries of South Asia, Arabia and East Africa.
7. Silk Road Tourist Route Characteristics
The Silk Road passes through more than 40 countries and more than 100 cities, including China, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Iran, Iraq, India, Pakistan, Turkey, Romania, the Netherlands, Italy and Greece. The Silk Road began in Changdongqian, passed through Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, crossed the Green Ridge, passed through the CIS in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and reached the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, with a total length of more than 7,000 kilometers. The total length of China's Silk Road is more than 4,000 kilometers, about half of the total length of the Silk Road.
The Silk Road originated as a land route opened by Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, who sent Zhang Qian on a mission to the West, starting from Chang'an, the capital city, and traveling through Gansu and Xinjiang to Central and West Asia, connecting to the Mediterranean countries. The starting point of the Silk Road in the Eastern Han Dynasty was Luoyang. Its initial function was to transport silk produced in ancient China.
From the 2nd century B.C. to the 16th century A.D., the Silk Road was the main transportation artery between Asia and Europe in ancient times, with silk as the bulk trade for long-distance trade and cultural exchanges. It was the road of integration, exchange and dialogue between the civilizations and cultures of the East and the West. This goes from Chang'an/Luoyang, China, west through Central Asia to the Mediterranean region and south to the South Asian subcontinent. It spreads over an area of about 10,000 kilometers long from east to west and about 3,000 kilometers wide from north to south across the Eurasian continent. It is the intercontinental cultural route with the richest communication content and the largest transportation scale in human history.
8. Introduction to the Silk Road Tourist Route
According to the chart below, the Silk Road, or Silk Road for short, refers to the land-based Silk Road, which is roughly divided into the Land Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road.
The Silk Road originated in the Western Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago), when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian on a mission to the Western Regions to open up a route that began in Chang'an (now Xi'an An), traveled through Gansu and Xinjiang to Central and Western Asia, and connected to the Mediterranean countries. Its original function was to transport silk produced in ancient China, and in 1877, the German geographer Richthofen, in his book China, named this "Grand Canyon" the Silk Road, a major transportation route between China and Central Asia, and between China and India from 114 B.C.E. to 127 A.D. The term was quickly adopted by academics and the general public. The term was quickly accepted by academics and the public, and came into official use. The Maritime Silk Road was a sea route for transportation, trade and cultural exchange between ancient China and foreign countries. It was mainly centered on the South China Sea, so it was also known as the South China Sea Silk Road. The Maritime Silk Road was formed in the Qin and Han Dynasties, developed from the Three Kingdoms to the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and changed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is the oldest known maritime route.
9. China Silk Road Travel Route Map HD
The China Maritime Silk Road had two routes: the East China Sea Route and the South China Sea Route. The South China Sea Route starts from Guangzhou and Quanzhou, passes through the Central and South China Sea Peninsula and the countries in the South China Sea, crosses the Indian Ocean, enters the Red Sea, and reaches East Africa and Europe, passing through more than 100 countries and regions.
The Oriental Silk Road ran from the Jiaodong Peninsula to the Liaodong Peninsula, the Korean Peninsula, the Japanese islands and Southeast Asia.
10.Silk Road Tourism Route Design
Silk Road, referred to as Silk Road, refers to the land-based Silk Road, which is roughly divided into the land-based Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road.
The Silk Road originated in the Western Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago), when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian on a mission to the Western Regions, opening up a route that began in Chang'an (now Xi'an An), passed through Gansu and Xinjiang to Central and Western Asia, and connected to the Mediterranean countries. Its initial function was to transport silk produced in ancient China. The Maritime Silk Road was a sea route for transportation, trade and cultural exchange between China and foreign countries in ancient times. It was mainly centered on the South China Sea, so it was also known as the South China Sea Silk Road.