Introduction: Buyi is one of China's ethnic minorities, most of them are distributed in Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan and other places, livelihood to agriculture, is a "rice nation" known as the ethnic minorities, so do you know what is the traditional festival of Buyi? What are the most important customs and festivals of the Buyi people? The following is my introduction to the Buyei, go and take a look together.
What are the traditional festivals of the Buyei
Buyei is one of the ethnic minorities in China, evolved from the ancient bureaucrats, mainly agricultural, Buyei ancestors began to cultivate rice very early, enjoying the name of "rice nation". Buyei men like to wear lapel short coat, long pants, wrapped scarf, women wear right-overlapping lapel coat, long pants or pleated skirt, wearing silver bracelets, earrings, collars and other fine soft. China's Buyei people are mainly distributed in Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces, including Guizhou Province, the largest population of Buyei.
In the life of the Buyi people, there are festivals in almost every month of the twelve months of the year. In addition to the same festivals as the local Han Chinese people, such as the Spring Festival, Ching Ming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival in May, Half of July, Mid-Autumn Festival on the 15th of August, and Chung Yeung Festival in September, there are also festivals of February 2, March 3, April 8, June 6, etc., which are uniquely ethnic in character.
The most important customary festival of the Buyei
Worship the old man's room
The old man's room of the Buyei villages is built on the highest part of the walled village of the God of the Walled City. Every year in February of the lunar calendar, the first rabbit day of the whole village to sacrifice the old man room, praying for the whole village of people and animals safe, wind and rain, grain abundance. Offerings, by the first two families settled in the village of the elders, or elected Walled Village in the highest respect for the oldest man dressed as the village God. During the festival, the old man's room and the walled village are cleaned, and one representative from each family is sent to participate in the festival in the old man's room. During the festival, there are many taboos, such as women are not allowed to enter the old man's room; men whose wives are pregnant are not allowed to participate in the festival; loud speeches are not allowed; outsiders are forbidden to enter the village and so on. Those who violate the rules will be punished for buying pigs and chickens to re-sacrifice.
Some places in the lunar calendar on the second day of the second month sacrifice dragon, that is, the sacrifice of village protection God and *** with the clan ancestors. In the woods near the village village by the village in the highest generation of male elders of the family name as the host, please Tao Gong chanting prayers, with pigs, chickens and a variety of cooked vegetables and fruits for sacrifice.
March 3
The third day of the third month of the lunar calendar is the biggest traditional festival of the Buyi people, is the festival of the Buyi people sacrificing to the gods of the community, the gods of the mountains, sweeping the graves, ancestor worship and social activities. The content and focus of specific activities vary from place to place. In addition to sacrificing to the gods of the community and mountains, some places focus on sweeping tombs; some focus on ancestor worship; and some focus on singing, wrestling and other recreational activities. When the Buyis on both sides of the Duoyi River in Luoping celebrate "March 3", the most lively place is Sanjiangkou, and the festival lasts for 3 to 5 days. Before the festival, villages and hamlets are busy killing pigs, chickens, braiding eggs, loading colored eggs, and every family is prepared to make red, yellow, blue, purple and black five-color flower rice, which means colorful and happy life. On the day of the festival, the whole village goes to the riverbank or under the dragon tree agreed upon every year to make sacrifices. Sanjiangkou is crowded with people, singing songs, racing bamboo rafts, playing water pistols, blowing leaves, splashing holy water, and all kinds of activities, which is a good opportunity for young men and women to make lovers and sing songs to settle down their love.
April 8
The eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar is the traditional festival of the Buyei people - "Cow King Festival", also known as the "Shepherd Boy Festival" or "open rice festival". "It is a festival related to farming activities. At this time is the beginning of the busy planting season, first of all, let the cattle eat well, rest well, the festival day to sacrifice "cattle king" and comfort cattle, the colorful glutinous rice, wine and meat, etc. carried to the front of the cattle to sacrifice, and grass wrapped in glutinous rice to feed the cattle, so the cattle to rest for a day. In addition, some places also hold ancestor worship or recreational activities.
June 6
"June 6" is the traditional festival of the Buyi people, there has been a "small year". Due to the different living areas, the date of the festival is not uniform, some areas of the lunar calendar June 6 festival, some in June 16th or June 26th festival. When the festival comes, all villages and hamlets will clean up and invite friends and relatives. After killing chickens and pigs, small triangular-shaped flags are made of white paper, dipped in chicken or pig blood, and inserted in the crop fields as a sign of sacrifice to the god of the fields. Parents take their children to the field to teach production knowledge and skills; village several respected old man to lead the young and strong to hold the traditional sacrifice of Pangu, sweeping the village to drive the "ghost" activities; to convene a general meeting of the whole village, by the village elders to announce the village rules and regulations. In addition, the festival is also not without "throw flower bag" and other entertainment activities.
Cow King Festival
On the eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar, the Buyei people, no matter how busy the farm work, have to let the cows rest, and every household has to do yellow, blue, black, white, red "five-color" glutinous rice (with the "dyeing of rice flowers, leaves," on the color), glutinous rice steamed! When the rice is steamed, a ball of glutinous rice is first pinched and given to the cows to eat as a token of appreciation for their hard work, and then people eat it. On this day, the house should be hung around the maple branches and leaves, rumor has it that the crops can grow as lush as maple.
Chabai Festival Day
Chabai Festival Day is a traditional festival of the Buyei people in Chabai Zhai, Xingyi County, Guizhou Province. It is held on the 22nd day of the 6th lunar month every year.
The Baofu
The Baofu is the harmonic of "playing the leopard and tiger". Guizhou Province, Dushan, Libo and other places Buyei folk festival, the purpose is to pray to the gods to stop the locusts to eat crops. It is held on the sixth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar every year. The festival is said to have a history of more than two hundred years.
Disk Festival
The Disk Festival is a traditional festival of the Buyi ethnic group in Huaxi, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, held on the 15th day of the first lunar month every year. The Huaxi opera began in the Daoguang period, initiated by Long Defu, an artist from An and Bu (now Pingba), and was performed on the 15th day of the first month of every year, gradually forming a fixed festival. The ground theater does not set up a stage, the actors stand on the ground to perform, the audience in the surrounding high places to watch, hence the name.
Donglangqiao Song Festival
Donglangqiao Song Festival is a traditional festival of the Buyei ethnic group around Huishui, Guizhou Province, held on the sixth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar every year, when nearly 10,000 Buyei people from neighboring villages in the adjacent counties, come to the local Donglang River, singing at the top of their voices and get together happily. This day is a great opportunity for young people to talk about love and seek lovers, the girl and the back step after they generally meet to first sing the enthusiastic song of acquaintance, mutual names, addresses, and then around the interesting plate song (also called guessing song) Pan Tianqidi, each other feel the bottom, and then began to sing songs of praise and adoration song. If the girls through the song to find a love interest, it will be presented to the rice dumplings and socks pads, and then both hide to avoid quiet place to talk about love.
Catch Dry Hole
Catch Dry Hole Festival is a traditional festival of the Buyi ethnic group in Qinglong County, Guizhou Province, on the second day of the Qingming Festival every year. According to local legend, the dry hole located in the southeast of Qinglong County, formerly known as the Qingquan hole, and the spring water is clear all year round. At that time, the local two cottages in a pair of young people A Wei and A flower fell in love, often in the Qingquan hole side of the song date, both parents read them both heart true intention, also agreed to the marriage of the two of them, and scheduled to be married at the Qingming Festival. Unexpectedly, this matter let the patriarch know, he thinks not through the matchmaker door to door to hire the marriage is hurtful to the customs, so to interfere. A Wei Ahua learned of the very angry, to the Qingming Day night secretly to the Qingquan cave, the cave as a matchmaker, kneeling to heaven and earth, the wedding on their own. On the next day, the chief of the clan came to ask for punishment, Awe Ahua had to escape and throw the Qingquan Cave martyrdom. The god of Qingquan Cave was touched by the loyalty of the two youths, so he drained the Qingquan water and let Awe Ahua turn into a pair of golden eyebrows and fly away. From then on, the cave dried up. A Wei A flower deeds moved the nearby Buyei cottage in the young men and women, they are in every year on the second day of the Qingming Festival, will be rushed to the dry hole to sing and play, talk about love. Now this festival has evolved into a large-scale trade event.
Catch Nuomi slope
Catch Nuomi slope festival is Huishui County, Guizhou Province, the party around the ancient Buyei, Miao folk traditional festival, held every year on the eighth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar. On that day, people from all directions flocked to the local glutinous rice slope, the girls dressed in costume, or song or dance, the elderly are gathered in a family life. Young men holding their respective horses, first around the field for a week, and then galloped back and forth on the glutinous rice slope, a time the runway on both sides of the crowd of observers. Slope on the most important activity is the song, many nearby Hmong youth also came to participate in the song, the song is mostly acquaintance song, praise song, young men and women who are mutually interested in singing love songs, and then to a secluded place to make up their minds. At night, the slope of the cottage family full of guests, we continue to drink and sing. It is said that Nuomi Po Po will have a history of more than two hundred years. Legend has it that once upon a time, the Buyi women went to the slope to dig wild vegetables while singing about the poverty of life and the cruelty of rituals, and brought glutinous rice for the noon meal. When the latter heard the singing, they came to sing to each other, thus forming this festival. Miao legend, their ancestors could not stand the oppression of the Tusi, migrated here, but also brought the "April 8" festival here, so every year this festival.
Catch Xiao Chongqiao Festival
Catch Xiao Chongqiao Festival is the traditional song of the Buyi people in Changshun County, Guizhou Province. It is held on the 15th day of the 7th month of the lunar calendar every year and lasts for three days. During the festival, Buyi youths from dozens of miles around gather on the local Xiaochong Bridge to sing freely. Through the songs to tell their hearts, pass the love. Those who are in love with each other will become lifelong partners.