Here are three situations to illustrate-
Rule number one: use colons and quotation marks. If the ideas used in the article come from a source and are written word for word, it is a direct quotation, which requires colons and quotation marks. For example:
1. Speaking of modesty and pride, I think of what a great man once said: "Modesty makes people progress, while pride makes people lag behind."
2. Whether the roadside stalls should be cancelled or not, the residents in the community are discussing. Zhang Dajie said: "Street stalls should be allowed, so that people can buy things conveniently." Uncle Li objected. He said, "Roadside stalls affect traffic."
The second type: only use quotation marks, not colons. If you express other people's opinions, you can integrate them into one sentence without colons, and only use quotation marks. For example—
As for whether to dance square dance in the community, there are obviously two opposing opinions. Aunt Wang clearly stated that "square dance can be performed in the community" on the grounds that "it is beneficial to the health of the elderly". Xiao Zhang objected, saying that "the noise is too loud, disturbing the people."
The third type: no quotation marks. If the opinion expressed is not quoted directly, but quoted to the general idea, then there is no need to use quotation marks or colons, just use commas to quote it. For example—
Experience is the mother of wisdom. As a great man said, if you want to know what pear tastes like, you must taste it yourself.
About what punctuation marks are used in quotations, it is probably the above three situations.