Tai Hao mausoleum temple to Fuxi the first day of the eight trigrams of the construction, is China's emperor mausoleum large-scale palatial architectural complex of a lone example, divided into the outer city, the inner city, the Forbidden City, three Imperial City, there are three halls, two floors, two corridors, two workshops, a, an altar, a pavilion, an ancestral temple, a church, a garden, seven views, sixteen gates. The main attractions in the scenic area include a series of buildings on the central axis - the afternoon gate, Daoyi Gate, the first heavenly gate, the Taiji Gate, the Unity Heavenly Hall, the Hall of Hianren, the door to the beginning of too, gossip Zhu Premier titled the Hsi Huang hometown
The altar, the Tahoe Fuxi Mausoleum, Yarrow Park, etc. constitute the main scenic area, as well as ancillary attractions: the Duxiu Park (formerly Shearer Park), Monument Forest, West Siguan, Yue Zhongwu Ancestral Hall, the same root garden, museums and other parts of the composition. The humanities ancestor rituals have lasted for thousands of years, and every year, from the second day of February to the third day of March in the lunar calendar, millions of people from all over the world flock to the Taihao Tomb Temple in Huaiyang County to worship Fuxi, and on the first and fifteenth day of each month in the lunar calendar, there are grand rituals, and the number of tourists reaches hundreds of thousands on a daily basis. With "the largest number of worshipers in a single day" by the Guinness World Headquarters in Shanghai into the Guinness Book of World Records, the Taihao Tomb Temple Fair has become the largest and oldest folk temple fair in China. The ceremony of the ancestor of Taihao Tomb was selected as a national intangible cultural heritage.
According to the record of Chenzhou Prefectural Records, there was a mausoleum at Tai Hao Mausoleum in the Spring and Autumn Period, and there was an ancestral shrine before the Han Dynasty. Tang Emperor Li Shimin in 630 AD (Zhenguan four years) issued an edict "forbidding the people to herd animals. In 954 A.D. (the first year of the fifth generation of Zhou Dynasty Emperor Xiande), the people were prohibited from woodcutting and plowing. In 960 AD (the first year of Jianlong), Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of the Song Dynasty, set up a guardian of the mausoleum, and ordered that sacrifices should be made once every three years, and that the animals should be used in the Taijian prison and sacrificial vessels should be made. In 966 AD (qiande four years) imperial decree to set up the mausoleum temple, set up to guard the mausoleum household five, spring and fall sacrifice to taijuan, the imperial book of Zhu plate; In 971 AD (kaibao four years) and add to guard the mausoleum household two, Zhu Xiang, Hao ying with the sacrifice. Since then, the mausoleum and temple worship. The day see Chonglong and the imperial sacrifice. Yuan Dynasty, the rituals are not repaired, the temple appearance is gradually destroyed, to the end of the Yuan Dynasty has disappeared. Before the Song Dynasty, only a tombstone was left for Su Dongpo's sister, Su Xiaomei scarf book. In 1370 AD (Ming Hongwu three years), Zhu Yuanzhang visited the emperor's tomb, Taihao mausoleum first, four years, driving honor Chen (now Huaiyang), the imperial wishes to sacrifice. Eight years, sent officials to visit the mausoleum. Nine years, reset the mausoleum households. In 1448 (Ming Yingzong Zhengtong thirteen years), the governor Zhang Zhidao played the establishment of the bedchamber, corridor, halberd gate, kitchen library, slaughtering and other rooms; in 1462 (Tianshun six years), repair, the establishment of the back of the hall, the bell and drum tower, lodging room, and for the three Qing Guan; in 1470 (six years of the Chenghua) to increase the height of the bell and drum tower, painted buildings; in 1576 (Wanli four years), the loss of three thousand gold, and then repaired; in 1745 (10 years of the Qing dynasty Qianlong), the Royal Palace of Justice. In 1745 (Qing dynasty Qianlong ten years), the silver 8,000 taels of money, greatly repaired. At this point, the inner and outer walls, the scale of the grand, lofty halls, brilliant, set into a pattern. After the establishment of new China, the party and the government attaches great importance to the establishment of Hsi Ling in 1949, the custodianship committee, in 1962, 1963 has been announced by the county, the province for the first batch of cultural relics protection units. 1980 built Tai Hao Mausoleum Cultural Relics Custodian, 1984 built Tai Hao Mausoleum Police Station, 1985 built Huaiyang County Museum, the museum is located in the Tai Hao Mausoleum in 1996 was announced by the State Council for the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1996, the State Council announced as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. [2]
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Duoshan Bridge
Tai Hao Mausoleum south of the blue waves of the 10,000 acres of Long Lake. Along the lakeshore, 70 meters northward, there is a Cai River about 25 meters wide, which is the southern boundary of the Taeho Mausoleum. A bird's eye view of the panorama, the first thing that comes to mind is the 11-meter-wide stone bridge across the Caihe River, called the "Bridge of Good Fortune", commonly known as the "Face Bridge", which means that the good men and women and tourists who come to the ancestor of the incense have come to this place to "meet with the master of the ancestors. "We have already met with "Master Renjo". The bridge is 25 meters long. The bridge is 25 meters long, open-shoulder type green stone bridge, four stone lions guarding the bridge.
Wu Chao Gate
Thirty meters past the bridge is the first gate of Tai Hao Mausoleum---Wu Chao Gate. This gate was built in the Ming Dynasty. The height of 10.35 meters, single-eave hermetic roof, the face of three rooms, red door gold nails, the door for 9 rows of 9 road, both sides are 7 rows of 9 road, belong to the imperial system. In front of the stage, in front of the stage, there is a three-connected five-stage pendant belt tread, on both sides of the hard mountain type "eight" word wall, hanging above the door with "Taeho Mausoleum", "Wuchao Gate", "Open Heaven and Establish the Pole" plaque hanging above the door. Its east and west sides are about 24 meters away from each other, there are steamed bread-style roof of the East Heavenly Gate and the West Heavenly Gate.
Daoyimen
After the Noon Dynasty Gate, the main tunnel on the central axis is paved with plasterwork, cypresses on both sides of the sky, solemn and dignified. About 30 meters from the Wuchao Gate, there is a small river, called the Yudai River, the river has three open-shoulder stone arch bridge. There are three open-shoulder stone arch bridges on the river, which correspond to the Noon Dynasty Gate, the East Heavenly Gate and the West Heavenly Gate respectively. Yudai River through the east and west sides of the mausoleum wall, leading to the Cai River, in the mausoleum wall on the outside bank, each has a well, called "Yudai buckle". Not far ahead of the Yudai Bridge, is through the hall of the "Road Yi Men", formerly known as Tongde Gate, the masses called the "three doors", 8 meters high, and 126 meters apart from the afternoon door, single-eaved hard mountain style, face three, inside the coupon door three, is the second gate of the tomb of the Tai Hao.
First Heavenly Gate
Sixth Elephant Gate
Through the Daoyi Gate, about 106 meters away, facing a high platform building, on which hangs a stone plaque named "First Heavenly Gate", 11.35 meters high, is a building of the Qing Dynasty, and the same as the Daoyi Gate, are named in praise of Fuxi's merits and virtues. On the platform there are three high pavilions of Feicui, gray tiles roof, the circumference of the corridor, there is a brick arch in the center of the platform. This door was no steps, 70s for the convenience of visitors, built on both sides of the spiral staircase, visitors can rely on the Pavilion view.
Taiji Gate Square
The first day after the gate for the Taiji Gate Square. The square is 73 meters long from north to south and 66 meters wide from east to west. In the center, there is the Jade Belt Road running across the east and west, which leads to the "Sancai Gate" of the inner city and the "Donghua Gate" of the outer city in the east, and to the "Wuxing Gate" of the inner city and the "Xihua Gate" of the outer city in the west. Xihua Gate". On the north side of the square, opposite to the Gate of the First Heaven, there is "Taiji Gate", which was called "Taiji Square" or "Halberd Gate" in the old days. It is the center of east, west, south and north of Tai Hao Mausoleum, together with "Two Yi Gate", "Four Elements Gate", "Three Talents Gate", "Five Elements Gate", etc., all of which are based on the concept of Fu Fu. "and so on are named after Fu Xi the number of eight trigrams of the first day. This door in the ancient architecture of the three three floor columns do not come out of the head of the wooden pagoda, 7.6 meters high, built on a high platform, platform height of five levels. The east has a corner door called "Yang Guan", the west has a corner door called "Bicha", to show the Taihao Fuxi's look up to the sky, look down to the ground, in the view of everything, the creation of the eight trigrams of the first day, the beginning of the Chinese civilization. After the Taiji Gate for the center of the Tahoe Mausoleum compound. There is a bell tower in the southeast corner of the compound and a drum tower in the southwest corner. The two floors are 11.2 meters high, east and west confrontation, are five rooms wide, three rooms deep, turn around the corridor, heavy eaves hermitage-style building, the lower part of the straight wall type foundation, the upper part of the gray tile cover, the building has a wooden ladder can be reached on the upper floors. Bell tower hanging with Ming cast a huge bell, hit the, its sound is melodious. The drum tower has a big drum hanging inside the building, knocking, the sound is pleasant to the ear. Bells and drums two buildings, layers of eaves in the air, Zhaomu confrontation, morning bells and drums, resounded through the mausoleum area.
Tongtian Temple
and Taiji Gate corresponds to the face of the "Tongtian Temple", commonly known as the "Hall", built in the Ming Dynasty, a height of 15.7 meters, is the largest volume in the mausoleum temple, such as Tongtian Temple
Highest level of key buildings. The five rooms, three rooms deep, dragon and phoenix ridge, the roof covered with yellow glazed tiles, the ridge is decorated: three sections of color glazed ceramic building, downstairs there is a niche, the niche is inscribed with the "Tai Hao Fuxi Hall" five words, left and right with 28 hosts on behalf of the 28 constellations of the heavens; four corners of the hall for the four best people (Pang Juan, Zidu, Han Xin, Luo Cheng) and other kisses. Beasts. Inside the hall there is "zhang eight wooden niche", carving fine, solemn shape. Inside the niche there is a statue of Fu Xi, head with two horns, waist with a tiger skin, shoulder leaves, hand over the gossip, bare feet and bare belly. Left and right with the enjoyment of Zhu Xiang, Hao Ying. Zhu Xiang is the Flying Dragon Clan, who made the Book of Deeds, and Hao Ying is the Submerged Dragon Clan, who made the Calendar of Armor. The walls of the hall are embedded with a 1.2-meter-high, 36-meter-long lapis lazuli bas-relief "Fuxi Sacred Signs", which are: Cui Giant Signs, Fuxi's Birth, Capital in Wanyuqiu, Setting up Net, Raising Sacrifices, Developing Kitchens and Cooks, Defining Surnames, Making Marriages, Painting Baguas, Inscribing Books and Deeds, Creating the Calendar of A, Developing Rituals and Music, Creating Dry Arms, The Barbarians Returning to Serve, Taking Dragon to Record the Officials, and Avalanche and Burial in Chen. There is a platform in front of the temple, with an area of more than 300 square meters. This is the center of the Ancestor Ceremony. There is a green stone balustrade around the hall and the platform, and it and the "Fuxi Sacred Signs Map" were newly added during the overhaul in 1998. Around the Hall of Unity, bell and drum two buildings, for the east and west corridor room, **** 42 rooms, curved shape, in front of the corridor, latticework doors and windows, brick ridges, anastomosis decorations, painted eaves and rafters, red columns and green windows. In the north section of the east corridor, there is the "Two Yi Gate" which leads to the outer city, and in the north section of the west corridor, there is the "Four Elephant Gate" which leads to the outer city, and the two gates are opposite to each other from the east to the west.
Hsienren Hall
Down 36.2 meters from the back door of the Hall of Unity, is second only to the Hall of Unity, "Hsienren Hall", commonly known as the "two halls". The hall is 16.4 meters high, the face of seven, five deep, heavy eaves hysterical style, gray tile roof, high corridor, around the huge columns standing, the structure is simple, dignified, rigorous.
Tai Shi Men
and 7 meters away from the Hall of the obvious benevolence is Tai Shi Men, also known as the "bedchamber", for the heavy-eaved hiatus type high platform building, 16.66 meters high, face three rooms, three rooms deep, turns around the corridor, gray tile roof. The temple for the ancient city gate type doorway, doorway embedded in the upper part of the yin carved regular script "Tai Shi Men" three words, the right hanging "following the sky and the pole", the left hanging "Zan Shenming" iron plaque. On the upper building of the bedchamber, the two compartments have steps, corner door, you can travel around the hall, so it is also known as "turn the room building". The whole building was built in the Ming Dynasty and was constructed in three times. Inside the building, there is an imperial tablet in 1513 (the eighth year of Zhengde of Ming Dynasty), so it is also called "imperial tablet pavilion". It is the earliest existing ancient monument in Taihao Tomb that has a year mark. At the beginning of the inscription, there are words "Hongwu four years", so there is a legend that the pattern of Tahoe Mausoleum now is built after Nanjing Palace in Hongwu four years of Ming Dynasty. Folk legend is: at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang led an uprising, lost a battle, he was left alone, and there were pursuers, in desperate times, ran to the small temple of Tai Hao Fuxi, praying that: "If the human ancestor can keep me safe and sound, in the future, once you get the world, must be in accordance with my palace, for you to rebuild the temple, and then molding the golden body, it is strange, he just said, a spider immediately flew in front of the temple entrance, and the spider was in a very fast and easy way. Spider immediately in front of the temple door quickly set up a spider web. Yuan soldiers chased to the temple, see the spider web sealed the door, then chased elsewhere. Later, when Zhu Yuanzhang won the world and established the Ming Dynasty, he sent his minister Xu Da in the fourth year of Hongwu to rebuild the Taeho Mausoleum. The monuments
The monuments
There are more than 200 monuments in Taihao Tomb, most of which are written in praise of Fuxi, and some of them describe the process of rebuilding or repairing the buildings in the tomb, and the most of them are the monuments of the people from all over the world who came here to worship their ancestors. And the emperor sent ministers to worship, it is called "imperial sacrificial monument", after the few remaining.
The first heavenly gossip altar
Behind the bedchamber is the "first heavenly gossip altar". The altar and the bedchamber distance of 5.22 meters, brick masonry, for the straight wall type equilateral octagonal, diameter 4.45 meters, 0.74 meters high, surrounded by green stone pressure strip. Altar face to brick eight trigrams, trigram order for the dry (three three), against (three three), away (three three), Zhen (three three), Xun (three two), Kan (three three), Burgundy (three three), Kun (three three). In the middle of an octagonal groove, on which there was a "Dragon and Horse Negative Figure", commonly known as the "four unimaginable". According to legend, the four not like for an ancient master of gossip high Taoist set up. He saw the world on the innate eight gossip, litigation, no one can say to the bottom of the place, the innate eight trigrams into the "four not like", will be funded to cast a four not like this altar, used to warn the later.
The Forbidden City
Forbidden City is after the first heavenly gossip altar, the city is the giant mausoleum of Fuxi's, "mausoleum high ten seek" (a seek is equivalent to today's 8 city feet). The side of the square base is 182 meters long, rounded at the top and rounded at the bottom, taking the meaning of heaven and earth. In front of the mausoleum there is a huge tombstone, 3.46 meters high, 80 centimeters wide, the characters are large diameter feet, neither inscription nor year. Therefore, there are different stories about the writer and the date of the inscription. Huaiyang County Records" said: the inscription for "Taihao Fuxi's mausoleum", but the last word "like a mausoleum and like Long", and said that "rumor has it that this tablet for Su Wenzhong female brother scarf book or thought Su Changgong ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..." There are also said to be written by the Wei Jin people. However, the legend about Su's younger sister, Su Xiaomei's scarf book is wider. It is said that during the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, the mausoleum temple was rebuilt, and the work was about to be completed, and he wanted to build a monument in front of the mausoleum, so that he could look at it in a spectacular way. Knowing that Su Dongpo was living in his brother's office, he sent someone to ask him to write the words "the mausoleum of Taihao Fuxi". Paper and ink note sent to the Department of Ruzhou, just when Dong Po went out of the city to play not yet returned, his sister-in-law Su Xiaomei with the maid to the study room, see the table ink and paper complete, the book is very excited, because there is no big pen, with her sweat towel, a breath of "Tai Hao Fuxi's mausoleum," the seven big words to finish writing. When Dong Po came back, he was overjoyed and thought that the calligraphy was so old and ancient that it could be passed down through the ages. Dong Po paid for it when the requestor came to get it. There are also rumors that it is the "Mo of the Tai Hao Fuxi Clan". It is said that when Su Dongpo came back from his trip, he saw that his little sister wrote six strong characters in front of her, but wrote "墓" wrongly as "莫", and felt sorry for her, while her little sister just laughed at the same time. Su Dongpo looked at his sister's complacency, suddenly realized, and praised: "wonderful, wonderful". It turned out that Su Xiaomei was using the earth as the soil. These three say I do not know what to say is, or three say are not, because of the age, weathering sun, the latter word has been blurred, so there is no proof.
Yarrow Garden
Yarrow Garden
The mausoleum is behind the "Yarrow Garden". According to Huaiyang County Records, "There is a Yarrow Garden behind the Tomb of Tai Hao, with a nine-foot-high wall and a square width of eighty paces." This is one of Huaiyang's eight scenic spots - "Yarrow Spring Glory". Legend has it that Fu Xi was based on the white turtle turtle back pattern, yarrow picking "sorting yarrow and drawing hexagrams", created the eight trigrams of the first day of life, so it is known as "God yarrow". It is said that there are only three places in the country where this grass grows: one is Qufu in Shandong Province, one is Jin Temple in Shanxi Province, and the other is the Tai Hao Tomb. Because of the rarity of the grass, the emperors and kings of the past dynasties sent their officers to worship the ancestors in the spring and fall seasons, and when they returned to the capital to resume their duties, they had to bring back a bunch of yarrow as a token to the tomb of Tai Hao.
Other buildings
Tai Hao Mausoleum in addition to the main building on the axis, in the Unity of Heaven Hall and the outside between the Hall of the Hinren, east of the three views: Yue Fei Guan, Laojun Guan, Yuandu Guan. There are also the Fire God Terrace; west of the four kwan: female snail kwan, Jade Emperor kwan, Tianxian kwan, Sanqing kwan. Of these seven kan, only Yue Fei kan exists now, and the other six kan are to be restored. In Taihao Tomb, not only the legendary gods, but also the Jade Emperor can only enjoy the incense. In addition, there are five changing pavilions outside the San Cai Men, and there are Dong Hua Men in the east and Xi Hua Men in the west of the outer city. The west side of the noon gate in front of the East Heavenly Gate, there is a stone plaque, said the opening of things into a business, the West Heavenly Gate, there is a stone plaque, said after the heavens to establish a pole. These also need to be restored. [2]
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Cypress
The mausoleum area has 108 cypress, 2 ancient acacia, ancient sandalwood 3, thousands of newly planted pines and cypresses. In the southeast corner of the mausoleum area, there is a park known as "Huaiyang unique", "one of the best in China" pine and cypress modeling park. June 1996, CCTV in one, two, four sets of programs, "Kyushu Charm" column, were made a special report entitled "Pine and Cypress Modeling The World's Wonders". The park was built in 1957, and there are more than 200 kinds of pine and cypress modeling. It is another landscape of Taihao Tomb. With its unique architectural style, magnificent building groups and profound cultural connotation, the Tahao Tomb is a sight to behold and marvel at. Qing Dynasty Lei Fangxiao wrote in a poem; "Wan on the Dragon Lake, face Bihu, a lonely tomb; work to open up the scale of the world, the Road King meteorological distinctions." More than eighty years old Taiwanese Mr. Fang Ya-chu unlimited emotionally poetic: "Thinking of his wife's daughter, dreaming of visiting the Tahoe Tomb." [2]
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History records, Fuxi's is a person, he taught everyone to fish and hunt, raising livestock, baking food, the first marriage system, book gossip, the system of musical instruments, the end of the primitive era of the way of life. The descendants in memory of his virtues, honored him as the ancestor of the Chinese nation, every year in the lunar calendar February 2 to March 3, are held in Taihao mausoleum "Chaozu incense" temple fair. It is called "Ancestor's Temple Fair", and locals also call it "February Fair". In the northeast corner of the Hall of Hsien Ren in the Taehao Mausoleum, there is a round hollow on the green stone pedestal, which is called "kiln" by tourists and visitors. All visitors to the Tahao Tombs, especially women, have to touch this "kiln" with their hands to pray for the prosperity and health of their children and grandchildren. That's why it's called "Zisunyao". It is rumored that the "Zisun Kiln" has existed since the time of the Fuxi Clan. Fuxi's ten great achievements, one of the great achievements is the system of marriage matching couples. The method of marriage is: every year in the month of mid-spring, to break the concept of clan, with the "meeting" form, the young men and women gathered to a meeting place in the center of the meeting place with a "kiln empty" stone, men and women, if they are interested in each other, they will use water to touch the "kiln". "If men and women were interested in each other, they touched the stone with water, indicating that they had feelings for each other and were willing to become husband and wife, and the marriage was fixed. From then on, human beings ended the history of group marriage and endogamy. The temple fair of Taihao Tomb in spring and February thus continued, and later gradually developed into the nature of ancestor worship and incense. People come to Taihao Tomb from February 2 to March 3 every year to pray to the gods, pray for the protection and blessing of Fuxi deity, and pray for the prosperity of their children and grandchildren. There are many rituals of worship in the temple fair of Taihao Tomb. There are all kinds of performances, such as circus, opera, dragon lanterns and so on. The "danjingchi", also known as "danhua basket", is indispensable. The "Dan Jing Zhi" is a primitive witch dance celebrating the virtues of Fuxi, in which the dancers wear black costumes, black shoes embroidered with flowers, and a black veil about five feet long. There are three types of dance: shears, iron chain, snake skin. These three types of formation has a **** the same characteristics, dancers walk to the center must be back to back and over, behind the black veil long tail touch together. The dance has been passed down from the ancient "Flower Dragon Society" to women and not to men. The "Flower Dragon" refers to Fuxi and Nuwa, with Fuxi as the big dragon and Nuwa as the small dragon, and the "Flower" refers to the ancestor worship activities in the form of flower baskets. Later, the temple fair of Taihao Tomb was even more grand in scale. During the festival, there were hundreds of thousands of people every day, up to more than 200,000 people. People in the ancestral incense at the same time, the use of various forms of cultural and material exchanges, now, pilgrims have been all over the country, many international scholars during this period also came to Taihao Tomb to explore the ancient search for the secluded, the study of the ancient oriental civilization. Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan compatriots and overseas Chinese children and grandchildren, every year groups to this pilgrimage, in order to show that they do not forget their ancestors. [3]