Qijiang Peasant Printmaking
In the 1980s, Qijiang people, on the basis of inheriting woodblock prints, gave this ancient art a deeper connotation and artistic language. Old trees blossomed into new flowers, and Qijiang farmers' prints took on a new vigor. Under the guidance and support of Niu Wen, Chairman of Chongqing Artists Association, and Zhu Xuan Xian, Executive Vice Chairman of Chongqing Artists Association and Director of Chongqing Folk Art Exhibition Office, Qijiang County Farmers' Printmaking Exhibition was held in Chongqing Fuzi Pond on Dec. 9, 1983, and was then exhibited in January 1984 at the National Art Museum of China in Beijing after it had been a success. Subsequently, it was exhibited in eighteen cities across the country, and also crossed the ocean to exhibit in 14 countries and regions, such as Japan, the United States, Britain, Canada, Switzerland, Norway, etc., and was loved everywhere it went, and was widely collected by museums at home and abroad. Today, the National Art Museum of China has collected more than 70 Qijiang farmers' prints; won more than 80 national awards, provincial and municipal awards nearly 100 / times, Qijiang farmers' prints by the art world known as China's modern school; Sichuan Provincial Department of Culture, Sichuan Provincial Association of Artists, Chongqing Municipal People's Government, Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Culture has been awarded the honorary title of the hometown of farmers' prints in Qijiang County; in 1988, the Ministry of Culture of the State In 1988, the Ministry of Culture of China officially named Qijiang County as the hometown of modern folk painting in China. In order to commend the achievements of Qijiang farmers' printmaking, Japan-Japan-China Art Research Association sent people from Japan to Qijiang to present three golden cups. CCTV's "Going Through China", Xinhua News Agency, China Culture News and other national media featured Qijiang farmers' printmaking. Chongqing Daily, Chongqing TV and Guangxi TV and other mainstream media have featured Qijiang farmers printmaking. The French newspaper "Toulouse", the U.S. Yellow River TV and Japan's "Printmaking World" magazine and other foreign media have also reported Qijiang farmers printmaking.
Tongliang Dragon Lantern is a kind of dragon dance and colorful lantern dance with dragons as the main props, which emerged in Tongliang County. It is a comprehensive art from the production of dragons and lanterns to the rehearsal of the dance, integrating folk dance, music, fine arts and handicrafts. Tongliang Dragon Lantern has a long history, starting from the Sui and Tang dynasties and flourishing in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Republic of China 12 years (1923), Tongliang folk artists Liu Lianshan, etc., to take a variety of dragon lanterns strengths, the creation of the creeping dragon, its shape is complete, than the fire dragon, flying dragon grows up, play and dance as a snake or worm wriggling form, slow when the light and elegant, fast jumping and soaring, magnificent and spectacular. 1984 New Year's Day, Tongliang with a length of up to 54 meters of the big creeping dragon to participate in the Chongqing Municipal Dragon Lantern Show, reputation; the same year, the folk artists Jiang Yulin and other colorful and elegant, and the same year, the dragon lantern. Folk artists such as Jiang Yulin color tie 9 big creeping dragon, went to Beijing to participate in the National Day ceremony, in front of Tiananmen Square dance up to accept the parade, reputation. Since then, in the national competition five winners, repeatedly won the gold medal. Its categories are many, divided into two categories of dragon lanterns and colored lanterns. The dragon lanterns include writhing dragon, positive dragon, fire dragon, color dragon, bench dragon, straw dragon, etc. The color lanterns include carp jumping dragon door, loach eating dumplings, bright lion, mountain tiger, eighteen bachelors, and rhinoceros looking at the moon, pig nibbling pumpkin, three?NB153?, mussel shells and so on, together with all kinds of decorative handicrafts, there are hundreds of varieties. Tongliang Dragon Lantern dance routines are rich in different props and dances with different interests. The main feature is to embody great momentum with big props, big movements and big scenes, together with cheerful folk music and fierce folk fireworks, to bring out a warm and festive atmosphere. Its adaptability, both in the streets, squares, farmhouse dam performances, but also on the cultural stage performance, retaining the traditional folk flavor. Its event is the Spring Festival Dragon Lantern Festival. The first day of the first month of the year to 15 days in the county to organize various types of dragon lantern assembly performance. By Huang Tingyan and other choreographers, Wang Xingfu choreography, Tongliang County Dragon Dance Team performs the Dragon Dance, in 1992, the second China Shenyang International Yangge Festival and the National Excellent Yangge, folk dance competition won the award (the competition's highest award), the same year was issued by the Ministry of Culture of the second National Group Star Award Bronze Prize. 1994, on behalf of the Chinese to participate in the Guangzhou Zengcheng International Dragon and Lion Dance Competition, won the championship.
Wujiang River boatmen's horn Wujiang River danger wave high, on the water, usually more than 10 boats set off in groups, every big beach, need to focus on the boat manpower *** with the fiber pulling, the boatmen's huge horn sound solid and resonant, high-pitched and impassioned, can be over the roaring sound of the river, spread dozens of miles away. One of the most typical to snatch the horn, it does not have a weak beat, there is no lead singer, there are no lyrics, divided into three groups of five voices to echo the liner notes. The whole horn is performed in harmony, with alternating in-place chords and inverted chords, which are bright and strong, and which penetrate into the voice. At the climax, the tempo is doubled and the atmosphere is more enthusiastic. The boat crosses the beach for a split second and ends on a long note, and the beach is suddenly filled with jubilation. Into the canyon, the waves are calm, the slender men and pull their respective boats slowly crawling on the treacherous road, the boatman on the boat leading the singing of the very slow narrative horn (such as the noise of the gorges), the sound of its melodious and gentle, relaxed and soft, the end of the sentence on the shore of the slender men have a long tone lining accent accent, between the sentence rest is longer, ushering in a clear echo of the valley. Boat line downstream over the shoals, the boatmen shouted three beats of the horizontal sailing horn, the first beat with the lead singer, two, three beats with the rhythm and melody around the levy keynote in the upper and lower quadratic within the jump into the horn smooth and free, tension and relaxation is clear. Into the flat water, mostly boat workers rotate rest or drink, this time also sing some with the plot of the number plate horn, in order to regulate the life.
XiuShan lanterns XiuShan County is known as the township of lantern songs and dances. Lantern Opera originated from the Han Lantern play, later integrated into the Xiushan Tujia, Miao song and dance performance skills, developed into a novel style, singing and dancing, for the Han, Tujia, Miao people of all ethnic groups love the art form. Lantern Opera actor class is small, such as the lanterns sings the lyrics of the cloud: lights brother flower sister jump lanterns, gold and silver flowers in charge of the lamp people, two pull the silk strings, four play gongs and cymbals, there is a palm tuning division, the youngest brother and sister to help the voice, will be, a line of thirteen people. Lantern dance is divided into single lantern, double lantern and lantern theater three kinds. Single lantern by once a clown two roles to perform. Dan role called the youngest sister or flower girl, more men dressed as a woman, tied fake braids, tie flower skirt, wearing a short jacket, the right hand holding a silk flower folding fan, the left hand holding a colorful scarf. Clowns called flowers or Lai Huazi, anti-wearing leather jacket, belt, head wearing a melon hat or turban, right hand holding a large fan. The double lanterns have two dans and two clowns or two dans and four clowns. Flower Lantern Opera is similar to Hunan Flower Drum Opera, showing a more complete storyline. There are more than 200 lantern dance phrases, such as snowflakes, rhinoceros looking at the moon, toads playing in the water, white cranes, sweeping the lotus flower, dragonflies and so on. The dance takes place on a miniature stage with a square table. The flower child comes on the stage first and invites the flower girl to come on the stage with the excuse of saying white, and starts to rotate and sing and jump, with delicate and accurate movements, and the performance is chic and comical. The lyrics of the lanterns are short and concise, reflecting daily life, love and marriage, production knowledge, historical stories and local tales. There are more than 400 music pieces in the lanterns, and the style of the songs is generally a single phrase with 2 to 4 phrases. The lyrics are mostly five or seven words. The lyrics are light and lively, and are divided into positive tunes and miscellaneous tunes. Miscellaneous tunes have a strong flavor of life, and the tunes and singing are very beautiful, which is the essence of lantern theater. After processing some miscellaneous tunes, such as "picking tea", "a handful of rapeseed", "poplar stretcher", etc., popular nationwide, famous at home and abroad.
The Tujia Hand Dance is a mass dance performed by the Tujia people in Youyang County during the activities of ancestor worship, New Year's prayers and festivals. It is performed from the third to the fifteenth day of the first month of the year, and also at night in the late spring and March. At that time, men, women and children clad in Xilan Kapu (earth flower quilt), holding a large banner of the dragon and phoenix, carrying a bird gun, pike, Qi Mei stick, a vast, gathered in the swinging hands of the hall or swinging hands of the dam. The sorcerer wears a high hat with a phoenix crown and eight skirts around his waist, and his hand shakes a brass bell and a sword, and he conducts the ceremony with his hands in the air. In the field, they sound the gongs and drums to shake the sky, blow the bullhorn and the earth horn, and set off the three-waisted cannons, and the crowd then sings and dances. The Pendulum Dance is categorized into two types: the Big Pendulum Dance and the Small Pendulum Dance. The Big Hand Pendulum Dance is mainly used for rituals and is held once every three or five years, with thousands of people and a grand atmosphere. The Small Pendulum Dance is used for general celebrations, with the number of people varying from tens to hundreds, and the atmosphere is warm and lively. Pendulum dance action is divided into a single pendulum, double pendulum and pirouette pendulum, showing a variety of sacrificial rites and ceremonies, labor and combat action, such as hands together, knee pads, Guanyin sitting on the lotus platform, lifting the knife and dancing stick, hunting and sowing nets, trekking, etc., manner simple, rough, primitive atmosphere is very rich.
The eight-panel gongs and drums are a form of folk music that has been passed down for hundreds of years in the Longtan area of Fuling City, Chongqing. The technique has been passed down from generation to generation, with the Shu Family Class and the Liu Family Class being the most outstanding performers. in the mid-1960s, the Sichuan Conservatory of Music made a recording of the eight-piece gongs and drums played by the Shu Family Class and invited drummer Shu Peicheng to pass on his skills to the conservatory. The eight-piece gongs and drums are simple and small, and there are generally five kinds of instruments: drums (commonly known as foot-pan drums, big on top and small on the bottom, with only one side covered with cowhide), horse gongs (also known as horse pawns), large gongs (equivalent to the alto gongs used in operas), and golden drums (which are actually made of copper). Generally five people play: the drum in the center, the right side of the horse gong, the bag of gongs, the left side of the cymbals, bowls of gongs. A few of the songs are played by the horse gongs, while the rest are conducted by the drums. There are more than 400 pieces of music played, but most of them have been lost. In the 1960s, the Shu family class could play more than 140 pieces. Commonly used tunes are One Dragon Swinging its Tail, Two Phoenixes Nodding its Head, Three Lions Rattling their Bells, Four Elephants Turning Over, Five Tigers Catching Sheep, Six Leopards with Money, Seven Oxen Scrubbing their Itches, Eight Horses Crossing the River, Nine Monkeys and Lions Cave, Ten Pigs and Eight Precepts; Many Chickens Putting on the Grass, Two Swallows Containing Mud, Dangfeng Chaoyang, Four Horses Casting into the Tang Dynasty, Five Langs Collecting Their Troops, Six Bites Rising Higher than the others, Seven Sages Passing Through the Gate, Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, Nine Dragons Rolling Over and Ten Dragons Crossing the River. The main feature of the eight-card gongs and drums is that they have many songs and are rich in expressiveness, and can be used on various occasions such as incense fairs, temple fairs and weddings and funerals. Its dots are dense, the melody is compact and clear, and the sound and emotion are fascinating.