Hubei Xiaoqu is mainly popular in small and medium-sized cities in Hubei, and its singing styles and tunes are very rich. Hubei ditties are mainly sung. There were more than 300 traditional repertoires at first. After a long period of talent loss, there are now more than 180 kinds. Its subject matter has changed with the continuous development of history. Want to know more about Hubei Xiaoqu? Hubei Culture below brings you more content.
Hubei Xiaoqu is a genre of Hubei music, commonly known as Hantan Silk String and Waijiang Xiaoqu. It evolved from the Ming and Qing slang songs that circulated in central Hubei. Around the Guangxu period, Tianmian Xiaoqu artists began to work with Hantan Xiaoqu artists, singing in teahouses, and gradually integrated into one. And gradually became popular in Hankou, Wuchang, Huangshi, Shashi, Jiangling, Yichang, Jiujiang and other places along the Yangtze River. In the 1920s, it was renamed Hubei Xiaoqu. During the Anti-Japanese War, when Wuhan fell, ditty artists fled one after another, so they spread Hubei ditty to distant villages and became an influential major genre in Hubei Province. It is popular in docks in Wuhan, Shashi, Yichang and other cities.
Qu species from Hubei, China. Around the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was formed by the merger of Hantan Xiaoqu and Tianmian Xiaoqu, which were popular in central Hubei. The singing tunes are rich, consisting of more than 100 folk songs in four tunes: Nanqu, Wenci, Western tune, and Tanhuang. Singing is mainly done while sitting, but you can also sing while standing or walking. Sitting singing can be divided into single, double and multi-person singing. The main form is double sitting singing, with men and women teaming up; the male actor also plays the Sihu, and the female performs the dance with a cloud board. The traditional repertoire includes "Grabbing the Umbrella", "Autumn River", "Dancing over the Pink Wall", etc. from the Southern Opera; "Hao Hong", "Missing Lover", etc. from the Western style; and "Song Jiang Killing", "An'an Sending Rice", etc. from the literary lyrics. After 1949, "Lei Feng Joins the Army" and "Sister Jiang Enters the Mountain" were compiled and performed, which brought new development to the art of Hubei ditty.
Characteristics: The singing form of Hubei Xiaoqu is mainly seated singing, with performances ranging from two to three people. In the 1960s, there were also forms of standing singing and walking singing. Hubei Xiaoqu has a rich variety of singing tunes and melodious tunes. It consists of four tune systems: "Nanqu", "Western tune", "Wenci" and "Tanhuang" and more than 100 folk tunes (tunes). The Nanqu tune system evolved from the development of Nanqu, forming "Nanqu Tou", "Nanqu Shuban", "Nanqu Wei" and other tunes in the same palace that are relatively independent of Nanqu and can be used to narrate , can be lyrical, simple and beautiful in style. Western tune is rooted in Tianmian folk music. The music and lyrics are in the format of upper and lower sentences. Through different cadences and rhythmic changes, it has evolved into "Xiqiang Tou", "Xiqiang Duoyu" and "Xiqiang Wei". Gong's version of Qupai has a melodious singing style and is good at expressing emotions such as longing, regret, and self-admiration.
Wenci is composed of "Wenci tone" and "Wenci number board". The beach spring is in the form of a single body. Other folk song minors adopt the tune cards and minor subsections of different palaces, which can be combined with the four tunes or independently combined freely. Singing is mainly done while sitting, but you can also sing while standing or walking. Sitting singing can be divided into three forms: single, double, and multi-person (also called "playing drums"). The main form is double sitting singing. Most of the singing is performed by men and women, with male singers and female singers, and male actors also perform four roles. Hu, the actress holds a cloud board to beat the knot. The lyrics are all written in spoken form and have no singing component.
The main accompaniment instruments are Sihu and Yunban, and Pipa, Sanxian, Yangqin, Erhu, etc. can also be added. The traditional repertoire of Hubei ditty includes Nanqu's "Grabbing the Umbrella", "Autumn River", "Dance over the Pink Wall", etc.; Western-style tunes such as "Haohong", "Yingying Farewell", "Missing Lover", etc.; Literary tunes such as "Song Jiang Kill" "Cherish", "An'an Sends Rice", etc. Hantan ditties are mainly composed of singing, with intermingled with rapping. The traditional singing form is mostly double-position sitting singing. When singing in two stages, the men play the huqin to accompany them, while the women hold cloud boards or discs to beat the beats and sing.
Popular in Hankou and along the Yangtze River and Hanshui River, it is divided into two types: Hantan and Tianmian Xiaoqu. The popular Hantan Xiaoqu (also known as Waijiang Xiaoqu) in Wuhan is mainly composed of seated singing and opera excerpts. The music is similar to local Han opera, and most of the tunes are Banqiang. Tianmian Xiaoququpai is similar to Tianmian folk songs, and Banqiang is Western tune It is the same as the Western tune of Jingzhou Flower Drum Opera. The two schools of ditty, Tianmian and Hantan, which have been performing in Wuhan for a long time, learned from each other and sang in Hankou dialect, gradually converging.
In 1985, when Xiaoqu participated in the first national folk art performance as a local folk song, Hantan and Tianmian Xiaoqu were named Hubei Xiaoqu.
This type of music is divided into two categories. One is the banquet tune, which includes Nanqu Tou, Nanqu Zhengban, Nanqu Wei, Xiqiang, etc.; the other is the minor tune tune, which includes Falling Money, Four Great Scenes, and Ten Cups of Wine. , stacked broken bridges, silver ties, and cucumbers. The traditional singing form is mainly seated singing, which is divided into three types: single person singing, double seated singing and multi-person seated singing. Double seated singing is the most common. The main accompaniment instrument is the Sihu, and when there are many people, the "Bayin" (Sihu, Erhu, Beijing Erhu, Pipa, Yangqin, Yueqin, Sanxian, and Tanban) accompaniment is used.
In 1959, Wuhan Folk Art Troupe and Hubei Provincial Folk Song and Dance Troupe began to recruit and train students of Xiaoqu. In the 1960s, young performers of Xiaoqu performed a large number of new programs. Music innovation changed greatly, and singing forms were diverse, including one-person singing, two-person duet singing, group singing, sitting singing, standing singing, playing singing and performance singing, etc. On the basis of exploring the origin of Hubei Xiaoqu, taking Nanqu, the main tune of Hubei Xiaoqu, as an example, using quantitative and qualitative analysis methods, music morphology analysis method, comparative induction method, etc., the perceptual understanding of predecessors and various proposed It is possible to compare and demonstrate it and continue to explore its various relationships with Chinese drama.
And explore the development and changes of its music's melody, structure, singing style, theme and content in different historical periods. At the same time, through the investigation of its current situation, combined with the knowledge of history, geography and other related disciplines, the reasons for its past prosperity and current decline are explained from a cultural perspective, and its future development issues are discussed.
The commonly used humming techniques in Hubei Xiaoqu can be summarized into five categories: 1. humming techniques for singing and decoration; 2. humming techniques for sound modeling and enunciation; 3. humming techniques for changing rhythm and speed; 4. Techniques for moistening the cavity through changes in intensity; 5. Techniques for moistening the cavity in local dialects. Learning and mastering these humming techniques plays an important role in the singing, creation and editing of rap music, and also has important reference value for the creation, singing and teaching of national vocal music works.