What are the folk customs in Yunnan?

Dai Water-splashing Festival: Dai people celebrate the New Year in the form of "splashing water" all over Yunnan, so the Dai Lunar New Year is also called "Water-splashing Festival". "Water-splashing Festival" is one of the hundreds of festivals of ethnic minorities in Yunnan with the widest influence, the largest scale and the largest number of participants. Xishuangbanna is a populated area of A Dai people, and there are "Water Splashing Festival" all over the state, especially in Jinghong City. The annual "Water Splashing Festival" is the largest and unprecedented. The water-sprinkling festival usually begins on the third day of the Dai New Year (April 15). On this day, Dai's polite children took clean water, dipped it in the branches and sprinkled it on each other to show that they had washed away the dirt of the year and wished you a clean and safe new year. Nowadays, the "Water-splashing Festival" has evolved into a mass carnival activity, "splashing water makes the Dai people crazy". People carry buckets and pots to get water, and when they meet, they throw them at each other. The water blooms in the air, symbolizing prosperity, happiness and health. Young men and women splash crystal drops on each other, mixed with sweet love. In the streets and squares, people are chasing each other and splashing water everywhere. Everywhere is the baptism of water, the blessing of water, the singing of water, the spray in the air and the laughter of the earth. The "Water Splashing Festival" has become an ocean of joy. During the Songkran Festival in Jinghong City, ethnic entertainment activities such as cockfighting, peacock dance jumping, young Dai men and women throwing hydrangeas, flying high, dragon boat racing in Lancang River and flying Kongming lanterns were also held. Yi Torch Festival: The Yi, Bai, Naxi, Hani, Bo, Lahu, Pumi and other ethnic minorities in Yunnan have the same festival-Torch Festival. The Yi Torch Festival has the largest number of people, the largest scale and the highest popularity. It is also the most grand festival of the Yi people. Torch Festival was also called "Chinese Valentine's Day" in ancient times. There are different opinions about the origin of Chinese Valentine's Day: Naxi people are God-given generals who died to protect the harvest of human crops; In order to welcome Zhuge Liang's southern expedition, the Yi people lit torches to dispel the miasma along the way and drive away wild animals. Yi people kill pests and celebrate the harvest; Sani people are a branch of Yi people. They celebrate that Sani heroes killed the devil who oppressed Sani people with horn fire. Every year from June 24th to 25th of the lunar calendar (July 8th-9th in the solar calendar), the Yi people wear festive costumes, play Qin Yue and Da Sanxian, and play Lusheng to participate in the Torch Festival. The content and procedure of Torch Festival are: During the day, people drink alcohol to celebrate the festival and engage in wrestling and bullfighting. The Yi people in Wuding County and Luquan County also carry out archery, horse racing, swinging and other activities. At night, when the sun sets and the night is dark, adults and children in every household will light the pre-made dried Song Ming with a length of about 2 meters and a diameter of about 20-30 cm. People hold torches high, gather at the head of the village, at the edge of the village or in the square, and then gallop in the pine forests and fields to show that they can drive away evil insects and seek bumper harvest and happiness. Every year on Torch Festival night, tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of Chinese and foreign tourists travel from Kunming to Shilin Scenic Area in Lunan County. Everyone held torches and got together with the Yi people in Shilin Scenic Area, turning the whole land red and forming a dazzling sea of fire. In order to entertain tourists, the local government also organized a fireworks show in Shilin Scenic Area. The whole night sky was colorful and dazzled tourists. March Street of Bai Nationality: March Street in Dali, Yunnan, with a history of 1000 years. March Street, which lasts about a week from March 15 of the lunar calendar every year, is not only a grand gathering of the Bai people in Dali, but also an annual gathering festival of the Bai people. March Street is held on time at the east foot of Cangshan Mountain and west of Dali City every year. During this period, "many merchants gathered and goods piled up." People of all ethnic groups should take good handicrafts and local products to March Street to sell, move the best cultural programs to March Street to perform, and select the best riders to participate in horse racing. With the development of commodity economy, the scale of March Street is getting bigger and bigger. Its content is more colorful: foreign friends from more than 20 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and dozens of countries participated in this grand event, which is rare in the whole country or Yunnan. Long Street Banquet of Hani Nationality: The annual lunar calendar is 65438+early February (solar calendar is 65438+ 10 or so), which is the Spring Festival of Hani Nationality in Haber Village, Ozha Township, Yuanyang County-Anmata Festival. Anmatu Festival is a festival for Hani people to worship village gods and pray for rain. On the first day of the festival, the village head will set up a sacrificial platform in the middle of the Longlin at the head of the village to slaughter the dragons and pigs without variegated hair. Please come and spend the holidays with everyone. After the dragon was invited by the dragon head, the dragon pork was cut into pieces equal to the number of households in the village and distributed to each household. On the second day of Omma Festival, every household will cook nearly 40 Hani-style dishes such as yellow glutinous rice, three-colored eggs, pigs, chickens, fish, ducks, beef jerky, muntjac jerky, pork floss and peanuts, prepare good wine, carry it to the designated street center and put it on. There are one or two tables in a family, and the tables of each household are placed along the street, forming a street center with a length of more than 700 meters. Jingpo people's eye-brain longitudinal song: Eye-brain longitudinal song is a traditional festival of Dehong Jingpo people, which means "everyone dances". It is usually held on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, mainly in Luxi City, Dehong Prefecture, for four to five days. The festival is dominated by large-scale songs and dances. Yi people's knife and pole festival: it is the traditional knife and pole festival of Yi people on the eighth day of the second lunar month every year. On the Blissful Festival, the most attractive performance is the so-called "going up the mountain and going down the sea of fire". In addition, of course, there are large-scale songs and dances. Knife-pole Festival can be seen in areas where Yi people live in compact communities, with Liuku in Nujiang Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Tengchong in Baoshan. Yi Flower Arrangement Festival: Flower Arrangement Festival is a traditional festival of Yi people in Dayao County, Chuxiong, Yunnan. It is held on the eighth day of the second lunar month every year and usually lasts for three days. The location is Tan Hua, Dayao County. As the name implies, this festival is of course dominated by flowers. Local Yi compatriots will gather in Tanhuashan from all directions, singing folk songs and dancing with their left feet happily, wearing festive costumes and holding flowers, and wishing each other good luck. Miao Huashan Festival: Huashan Festival, also known as "jumping on the field", "jumping on flowers", "playing with flowers" or "stepping on flowers", is a traditional festival of Miao people in northeastern Yunnan and southern Yunnan. It is held every year from the third day to the seventh day of the first lunar month. Yongshan County and Pingbian Miao Autonomous County in Yunnan are even grander, sometimes reaching tens of thousands of people. Huashan Festival is dominated by all kinds of songs and dances and other games and entertainments of Miao people. Huashan Festival is also an important opportunity for Miao young men and women to find partners and fall in love. Wang Pan Festival: Wang Pan Festival, the main festival of Yao nationality, is to commemorate Pan Hu, the ancestor of Yao nationality, and celebrate the bumper harvest. On October 16th of the lunar calendar every year, Yao people wear festive costumes, beat gongs and drums, play flutes, sing folk songs and celebrate for three days and three nights. The main activities during the festival include offering sacrifices, singing duets and beating drums. Three Flowers Festival This is a grand festival for Naxi people to worship "Three Flowers", which is held in the eighth day and August of the second lunar month every year. During the festival, Naxi people will hold a grand ceremony to sacrifice "Three Flowers" in their own homes, except in Beiyue Temple. In addition, Naxi people will hold many recreational activities and have picnics in the wild. The Bangbang Festival on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month is a traditional festival of Naxi people, and it is a grand exchange of bamboo, wood and iron farm tools, with a wide variety and great excitement. Farmers in neighboring counties, as well as farmers in Dali, Baoshan and Tibet, bring local specialties to gather and sell, and then buy necessary items, while farmers in Lijiang also buy farm tools and supplies necessary for spring ploughing. The Mule and Horse Festival is held in the middle of July of the lunar calendar every year for a week. Mainly engaged in mules, horses, cattle, sheep and other livestock, but also exchange local products. Farmers from Dali, Jianchuan, Heqing, Zhongdian and Yongsheng all came to buy mules and horses and Lijiang bronzes, and tens of thousands of mules and horses went on the market. Various entertainment activities held during the festival, such as horse racing and performances, are the most popular festival contents. There is a legend among the Yi people in Lanping County, Yunnan Province: In ancient times, cows lived in the sky and lived comfortably. Later, it saw people on the ground eat bitter wild fruits for a living. I can't stand it. So one spring, behind the gods, the seeds of five grains hidden in the gourd were scattered on the earth, so the world began to grow with five grains, and the Yi people got rid of the plight of hunger. The gods were very angry. They drove the cows away from the sky and came to the earth. Yi people keep it at home, but the cow sees people's hard work in farming and takes the initiative to pull the plow and rake to help grow crops. Seeing that life on earth is getting better and better, the gods let out the plague of first frost insects to make trouble and persecute. In addition to farming, in order to ensure the growth of crops, cows argue with gods to prevent all kinds of disasters from succeeding, which has made great contributions to the Yi people. Therefore, every year on the fifth day of the sixth lunar month, the Yi people here also have a "cow bath festival". On this day, families should not only bathe the cows, but also cook a pot of porridge with salt to feed them. The oldest woman in the family prayed to the cow, hoping that it would plead with the gods to avoid disaster and have a good harvest. Niuge Festival The slang branch of the Yi people in the northwest mountainous area of Yunnan Province holds the Niuge Festival every early winter to thank the cattle for their hard work over the past year. At that time, people used potatoes and radishes as models of cattle and buffaloes, ears of corn as tails, grains of wheat or corn as eyes, ears of wheat as horns, and straws of wheat or corn as legs. Then, they put the cow model into a big dustpan and put it in the middle of the lawn in front of the cow god cliff. There are 12 pine trees around the lawn, and red silks decorated with adopted sons, oats and corn are hung on the trees. Under the leadership of an old singer, people brought bulls with red silks and danced around the dustpan, praising the hard work of the bulls and the farmers who carefully raised them and got a bumper harvest. Finally, the dairy cow model and concentrated feed mixed with wheat feeding, oatmeal fried noodles, tortillas and oatmeal stalks were presented to the families with outstanding achievements, so as to reward the care for cows and agricultural achievements. The winner will feed the cows on the spot, weave a "cow sedan chair" with colored thread, carry the cow model and dance in the village. After returning home, I gave the cow model as a family heirloom to the dry house, which fully explained the importance of farming cattle. Niu Nana The Hani people in Yunnan Province will celebrate the "Niu Nana" (hani language, meaning "cow takes a breath") festival in early May after the busy spring ploughing in March and April of the lunar calendar. Is to let the hard-working cow have a rest on this day and accept people's respect for it. On this day, people picked Eupatorium adenophorum, boiled purple water juice to dye glutinous rice, and killed a rooster to worship the ancestors. After the sacrifice, the cows were fed chicken and broth mixed with glutinous rice, congratulated at the same time, and let the cows roam freely up the mountain to eat grass. On the other hand, people washed their faces and wiped their bodies with purple water that morning, indicating that they had washed away the fatigue in spring ploughing. Also washed a suit of clothes, symbolizing Shan Ye's habit of indulging in singing love songs when planting. In this way, both cattle and people had a happy and festive day. Paying attention to raising cattle and celebrating the holidays is a major feature of agricultural nationalities in South China.