Characteristics of Yangge in Fushun Area
Before square dance became a big hit, what dominated the dance world was the "Yangge twisting" of the past, "a slow-motion left-handed right-handed, and a replay of the slow-motion right-handed left-handed." Simple and spontaneous rhythm, swaying body left and right, charming dance. So, do you know Fushun Di Yangge? Just follow me to learn about it!
Fushun Earth Rice-planting Song, is a form of Chinese folk dance with a long history of formation, ethnicity, folklore and regional characteristics are extremely strong, and is mainly circulated in Fushun City in the northeastern part of Liaoning Province.
Introduction
Fushun Rice-planting Song, also known as "Tartar Rice-planting Song", is a long-established folk dance form with strong ethnic, folk and regional characteristics. Fushun Rice-planting Song is mainly popular in Fushun, the northeastern part of Liaoning Province. Fushun City is the hometown of the Manchu people and the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty. After the unification of the Qing Dynasty, the Northeast region is more stable, the Manchu folk in the original folk dance based on the continuous absorption of other ethnic folk dance, and gradually formed from the form of performance to the role, dress up, dance movement are unique characteristics of the Manchu rice-planting song.
It has a direct relationship with the folk dance of Manchu ancestors. According to historical records, there was a dance called "Tap Hammer" in Tang Dynasty, and there was a song and dance called "Mang Style" in Ming Dynasty, which had a certain influence on the formation of Fushun Rice-planting Song.
The most representative characters in Fushun rice-planting songs are "Tartar officials" dressed in flag costumes and "Kerry spits" (commonly known as "foreign Tartar"), who wore only a fur coat, a cross-body bell, and all kinds of living and hunting implements. (commonly known as "foreign Tartars"). The performance of the action more from the leaping horse, archery, fighting and other primitive state of Manchu production life, but also some of the Department of imitation of the eagle, tiger, bear and other actions, which have more elements of traditional dance.
The movements of the ryuns are rich in squatting, stomping, panning, swinging, trembling, etc. They are vigorous and bold, and are characterized by the distinctive life of fishing and hunting, as well as the battle life of the Eight Banners. The accompanying music is borrowed from the percussion form of the Manchu shaman jumping to the gods, and there are "old three points", "seven sticks", "fast drums" and other ways of playing, which are quite different from the Han Chinese rice-planting songs. Fushun rice-planting songs have been circulating in Fushun area since the Qing Dynasty, and are y loved by the masses. According to a survey in 1986, there were still 50 rice-planting teams active at that time, but only 4 rice-planting teams whose origins and lineage are clearer.
Kinds
Fushun Manchu rice-planting songs are mainly divided into two kinds, one originated in Hebei, about the immigrants from within the imported rice-planting songs; on the other hand, it originated from the traditional folk dance of the Manchus, and through the evolution of the fusion of the formation of the Manchu rice-planting songs, also known as the "Taiping rice-planting songs", commonly known as the "Tartar rice-planting songs", which is the most popular form of rice-planting. It is also called "Taiping Yangge" and commonly known as "Tartar Yangge". Fushun rice-planting songs were formed in the early Qing Dynasty and have been passed down to the present day. According to experts, the characters and their costumes in the Manchu rice-planting songs are not only the embodiment of the Manchu way of life, but also the artistic embodiment of the Eight Banners system and the unity of the army and the people.
Historical Traceability
Fushun Manchu Rice-planting Song, or Fushun Manchu Rice-planting Song, is a kind of Manchu folk dance circulated in the counties and districts belonging to Fushun. The Fushun rice-planting song was formed in the early Qing Dynasty and has been passed down to the present day. It has a direct relationship with the folk dance of Manchu ancestors. According to historical records, in the Tang Dynasty, there was a dance called "Tap Hammer", and in the Ming Dynasty, there was a song and dance called "Mang Style", which had a certain influence on the formation of Fushun Rice-planting Song.
Since the end of the Ming Dynasty, Nurhachu rose to power in Fushun, and the formation of the "Manchurian" race, the Manchus inherited the "Mang-style dance", a folk dance that had been handed down from the time of their forefathers, the Jinns. Yang Bin, a Han Chinese who lived in the Northeast for a period of time in the early years of the Kangxi period, authored the "Liubian Jiliao" (The Chronicles of Liubian). Liu Bian Jiliao" (Volume III-15) recorded the "willow side" (including the Fushun area) circulated at that time "Mang-style dance" dance movements and performance forms: "Manchuria has a big banquet, the host family men and women will be more and more dance, the rate of Raise a sleeve in the forehead, reverse a sleeve in the back, circling for momentum, said Mang potential."
After the unification of the Qing Dynasty, the Northeast region is more stable, Manchu folk dance in the original folk dance based on the continuous absorption of other ethnic folk dance, and gradually formed from the form of performance to the role, dress up, dance action are unique characteristics of the Manchu rice-planting song. Some historical materials, such as: "Liu border chronicle", "Fengtian Tongzhi", etc. There are many specific descriptions of the Manchu rice-planting songs.
In 1936, the lead-printed book "Xingjing County" (Xingjing County is now Fushun City, Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County) recorded: "the fifteenth day of the first month, home offerings for the Lantern Festival, through the hanging lanterns and colorful, the townspeople play said "Taiping song", said that it can be expelled from the evil and epidemic". Xingjing County Records" said "Taiping song" is both Fushun Manchu rice-planting songs, is the most direct record of Fushun Manchu rice-planting songs in modern local history. In the 1980s, Fushun Manchu folk dance integrated survey is found, Fushun Manchu rice-planting song inheritance is long.
Born in 1926 in Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Manchu rice-planting song veteran Zhou Rongjia (deceased), at the age of 14 years old, that is, to learn Manchu rice-planting song. He and the old artist Yang Chuanfang (deceased) once recalled: "We know that the old Tartar rice-planting song has a history of about two hundred years, mainly because the old Han King Nurhachu ascended to the throne in Xinbin Hetualla as Khan, created the eight banners, the soldiers and the people as a whole, and when they won a battle or celebrated the New Year's Day, they had to drink rice wine, sing and dance, which gradually turned into the rice-planting song. Drums and music, led by the Tartar officials, they twisted up and sang, which is also a way to have fun with the people, so that 'Tartar rice-planting song' is the Manchu rice-planting song."
In 1986, in the Chinese folk dance integrated Fushun City data book review meeting, Liaoning Province rice-planting experts on this folk dance scientific analysis, identification, that Fushun region of the rice-planting costumes wearing the eight banners flag mark, performance of the performance of the implementation of the "playing thousands of children gift", "hold the waist gift", is the "Tartar rice-planting" is a way to sing with the people. The "holding waist ceremony", is a distinctive Manchu characteristics; action in the unique rhythms - Yang, squatting, stomping, pan, swing, trembling, with a strong Manchu people's fishing and hunting life and social activities of the characteristics of the way, can be done as a representative of the Manchu people in the Fushun region of the folk dance.
In view of the policy of respect for ethnic minorities, not called "Tartar rice-planting", officially named "Manchu rice-planting". From the above historical data can be seen, Fushun Manchu rice-planting song formation and development of a long history.
Artistic Characteristics
There were two varieties of Fushun Manchu rice-planting songs, one originated in Hebei and was introduced to Fushun by immigrants from Guannai, and the other one originated from the traditional folk dance of the Manchus, which was evolved and fused to form Manchu rice-planting songs. Fushun rice-planting song refers to "Fushun Manchu rice-planting song", also known as "Taiping song", commonly known as "Tartar rice-planting song".
The most representative characters in the Fushun rice-planting songs are the "Tartar officials" dressed in flag costumes and the "Kerry spit" (commonly known as "foreign Tartar") who only wear leather jackets, cross-body bells, and a variety of living and hunting equipment. (commonly known as "foreign Tartars"). Its performance movements are mostly originated from the primitive state of Manchu production life such as horse jumping, archery, fighting and so on, and some of them imitate the movements of eagles, tigers and bears, etc., which mostly have the elements of traditional dances. The squatting, stomping, panning, swinging, trembling and other gestures in the rice-planting songs are rich, vigorous and bold, with distinctive characteristics of the fishing and hunting life and the battle life of the Eight Banners. The accompanying music is borrowed from the percussion form of the Manchu shaman jumping to the gods, and there are "old three points", "seven sticks", "fast drums" and other ways of playing, which are quite different from the Han Chinese rice-planting songs.
Props
The main characters of Fushun Manchu rice-planting songs and their costumes and props are:
Tartar officials, commonly known as "Tartar", "Grand Master". The leader of the dance team, there are generally two "Tartar officials" in the dance team. They wore tasseled hats, arrow coats, colorful pants, yellow vests, red war skirts, waist bands, and black boots. Hand waving fly broom, slanting belt knife.
Kerry spit, commonly known as "foreign Tartars", "monk spit". Characters smeared black face, head wearing a felt hat, body reverse leather jacket, pants, diagonal satchel string bells, hand waving a long whip to play the field, to maintain order.
Pull the stick, responsible for liaison, paddling field step formation, wearing a cool hat, dressed in arrows, colored pants, tie waistband, wearing fast boots, holding a willow stick.
Upper dress, the female role in the dance team, the number of people is not limited, head wearing a "flower mountain", dress up free, with brightly colored quilts as skirts, different colors to distinguish between the flags, holding a fan, handkerchiefs.
Bottom, the male characters in the dance team, the number of people is not limited, dress up freely, clad in various colors of wrapping skin, ribbons, etc., to show that they belong to the flag.
Performance Program
The performance program of Fushun Manchu rice-planting songs is generally like this:
Ranging song dance teams are usually assembled and performed on the designated spacious and flat land. The dance team is led by a Tartar official, followed by a stick-puller, with men and women lined up in two rows, and other characters walking in between. After the dance team enters "three worships to the tea table", the Tartar officer performs "salute", Kerry spits the long whip and hits the field, and the Tartar officer leads the team to "walk in formation", and after the "walk in formation", the upper and lower parts of the team are in a row. After the "walking formation", the upper and lower costumes "circle field", transferred to the "field of two", which is the climax of the performance, and finally, the Tartar official led the team to the Manchu salute, to the host (master) and the viewing public to express their gratitude. After that, you can then "walk the line", "circle field", repeated many times, as much fun as possible.
Artistic Characteristics
The Fushun Manchu rice-planting song inherited the prototype of Manchu folk dances, such as "Tap Hammer" and "Mangshi", and absorbed the strengths of the Han rice-planting song, which gradually evolved and developed. It has its own distinctive features in terms of characters, number of performers, rituals, costumes, scenes, movements, etc., and is characterized by fiery, athletic, rough and bold performances. Fushun Manchu Yangge can be summarized as "Yang, squatting, swinging and trembling" in terms of dance rhythms, with its unique style and vivid performances, in which the "big field - walking formation" and the "small field - two people" are performed. "small field - two-person field" and the storyline of folklore to form a series of rice-planting songs, with its large pendulum big waves, circling for the trend, reproducing the ancestors of the Manchu people brave and good at war riding and shooting for the purpose of this folklore, often appear very warm and hot scenes.
The Fushun Manchu rice-planting songs are accompanied by drums and music of more ethnic characteristics, and the drums and gongs are "old three points", which originated from the drums held by the Manchu folk rituals to jump to the gods.
The ancestors of the Manchu lived in the mountains all year round, and hunting and fighting were the main forms of life. Fushun Manchu rice-planting song dance movement of the national characteristics of its lifestyle is the dynamic performance. Fushun Manchu rice-planting song to arm in front, an arm in the back, the main features of the big stretch; upper body swaying, lower body bending knees, feet staggered, big ups and downs for the basic modeling, which is closely related to the way of life of the ancestors of the Manchu.
The dance rhythm can be summarized as: Yang, squatting, stomping, pan, swing, tremble. For example, "Yang", is the action of the arms, characterized by the amplitude of the open, stretching and unrestrained, large stretch. The Qing dynasty palace escapades" said "Manchu people dance when the meteorological development of the Li", meaning that the excitement of the fierce, is the hunting, fighting the basic characteristics of the nation; and then "squatting", refers to the male lower body half-squatting, bending the knee into ninety degrees or so, and with the rhythm of undulating and moving movements, the shape is robust, is the Manchu people. The shape is steady, is the Manchu people are good at riding and shooting, banner bow and vector, jumping horse to come to the array, bend into the reverse, up and down the real portrayal of the speed of Xu.
In the old days, when performing, the Manchu rice-planting dance team first went to "worship the temple" after the concentration, and entered the temple to perform in the big temple, and performed in front of the temple in the small temple. If the outside village rice-planting dance team to come, the local Manchu officials should immediately lead the team out of the village to the village entrance to meet and greet, began to "see the gift", and then can start performing. Without this custom, the "meeting ceremony" has become an indispensable part of the Fushun Manchu rice-planting songs. Later, when the custom of temple worship, the custom of welcoming guests at the village mouth gradually disappeared, the rice-planting dance team is generally in the designated spacious flat field assembly performance.
According to expert testimony, the characters and their costumes in the Manchu rice-planting songs are not only the embodiment of the Manchu way of life, but also an artistic reflection of the Eight Banners system and the unity of the army and the people.
The Manchu rice-planting songs circulating in the Fushun area originated from the Manchu dance. Although in the long course of history, the Manchus and the Han Chinese have long been living together, the Manchurian-Chinese economic and cultural integration, especially the frequent exchanges of folk art, so that the Manchu folk art activities also have a strong Han color, but the content, form and performance skills of the Manchurian rice-planting song is still not lost in the Manchus are good at riding and archery, the courage to fight, hard work, thrifty in the production of the basic style of life. Due to the special characteristics of the living environment, there are different genres of Manchu rice-planting songs under the same situation of basic rhythms. For example: Fushun Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Huangqi Township (formerly known as: Mutang ditch), the local "leaping horse style" as a characteristic.
The significance of inheritance
Fushun Manchu rice-planting songs use a unique form of expression to artistically reproduce the Manchu people's national spirit of reverence for martial arts, the ancient folk style of paying attention to etiquette, and through the character setup, dress up, reflecting the system of the eight banners and the tradition of military and people's music, is an important carrier of the traditional culture of Manchu folk; the use of unique dance movements, artistically reflecting the Manchu people's traditional culture; the use of unique dance movements, artistically reflecting the Manchu people's traditional culture. It is an important carrier of the traditional culture of the Manchu people; using unique dance movements, it artistically reflects the national style of the Manchu people who have been working and living in the mountainous areas for generations, and whose basic life content is hunting and fighting, and it is a living fossil of the production and life style of the ancestors of the Manchu people. It is because it is the most representative form of artistic expression in Manchu folk art, cohesion of history, culture, art, heritage value, so, generation after generation passed down.
However, Fushun Manchu rice-planting songs are on the verge of an existential crisis. The inheritance of Fushun Manchu rice-planting songs in the last century is mainly the overall inheritance of the village and community people. There are also some family inheritance, master and apprentice inheritance. In the 1980s, when the national folk dance integrated census, Fushun area of Manchu rice-planting songs still have more than fifty partners.
At present, the pure traditional Manchu rice-planting songs have been very few, and even the annual festivals are not seen activities, and occasionally some celebrations are wearing Manchu costumes but no traditional content and artistic characteristics of the Manchu rice-planting songs. In addition, the old artists have passed away, and a few of the existing old artists are also old and sickly, so the Yangge is facing the situation of being lost. Especially due to a large number of Manchu compatriots have been Sinicized, young and middle-aged people have little contact with the traditional culture of Manchu, the important carrier of the traditional culture of Manchu - Manchu rice-planting songs on the verge of extinction.
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