Which folk art would you present? How? Pay attention to at least two aspects.

Folk paper-cutting is produced in the laborers, and the aesthetic taste of the laborers is directly affected by their geographical environment, social life and social psychology. With the Yellow River water, Huangtu Mountain raised Shanxi people have a rough and bold, simple and generous temperament and character. They cut paper, pouring their thoughts, talents and good wishes into the paper-cutting, which constitutes a unique regional custom and humanistic mentality, and shows a very high aesthetic value. Shanxi Lvliang area of paper cutting contains the Han Dynasty stone carving art of simplicity, rugged, majestic, grand atmosphere; Jinnan paper-cutting knife and brush, hearty, and has a coarse in the fine, clumsy in hiding the characteristics of ingenuity; Yan north of the Guangling, Lingqiu paper-cutting heavy and colorful, both the wild fun of the outside of the Seychelles, but also the survival of Guannai's elegance; located in the hinterland of Shanxi Jinzhong paper-cutting, is a rounded, delicate and delicate style. The popularity of paper-cutting in folklore, often accompanied by birthdays, weddings, funerals, festivals and daily life. Life customs is to promote the development of paper-cutting social factors, but also formed a rich paper-cutting content and different paper-cutting styles. Folk carving art, a wide range of subjects, rich in content. Comprehensive, can be roughly divided into the following categories: First, the opera class Shanxi is one of the birthplaces of Chinese opera, enjoying the "cradle of Chinese opera" reputation. Jin and Yuan period, Jinnan Pingyang area of opera activity is exceptionally active, becoming the center of the national opera activities. From Jishan, Houma, Xinjiang, Xiangfen and other counties and cities excavated many brick tombs in the Song and Jin dynasties, there are brick carvings of theater, opera actors, Geisha, dancing figurines. Shanxi people have always been this kind of popular art of opera, as a form of self-entertainment, self-appreciation, therefore, the folk carving artists, not only pay attention to the painting of the play, often the typical plot of the opera, direct performance, so that people get artistic enjoyment to stimulate the beautiful reverie. Xiangfen County, Ding Village, Qing dynasty Qianlong 54 years (1789) built by the residence, carved with opera woodcut. Second, auspicious moral class Shanxi carving art, the intention of the selection of materials are required to have a sense of beauty, the meaning of joy, the exit to auspicious. Such as "hi, Luk, seal, marquis" with magpies, deer, honey peaks, monkeys, the image of four animals, constituting the picture, and with the harmonics of the animal name, spelled out in the language of good luck. The symbolism of the blessing is full of joy and happiness, and high rank and wealth. Such as "Joy (magpies) things (persimmons) in a row (lotus) years", "Lucky (chicken) celebrations have surplus (fish)", "Three Yang (sheep) Kai Tai", "Six (deer) together (crane)", "Six (deer) together (crane)", "Six (deer) together (crane)", "Six (deer) together (crane)", "Six (deer) together (crane)", and so on. （Deer and Crane", "Pine and Crane", "Five Fortunes", "Unicorn", "Heron Playing with Lotus", "Magpies Troubleshooting Plum Blossoms", "Dragon and Phoenix Presenting Good Luck", "Pleasant (Rhinoceros) Ox Looking at the Moon", "Hibiscus and Golden Rooster", "Dan (Peony) and Phoenix (Sun)", "Three Friends of the Year (Pine, Bamboo and Plum)", "Spring Orchids and Autumn Chrysanthemums ", "Cat and Butterfly", "Marquis and General", "Kirin facing the sun", "Lion rolling embroidered balls "The phoenix plays with peonies", "The squirrel eats grapes" and so on, all of them are through the vivid and beautiful animals, flowers and plants that can be used to express emotions, to determine the auspicious themes, respectively, reflecting people's expectations for the five grains and harvests, prosperity, four seasons, peace and prosperity, marriage, the Four Seasons and the Four Seasons, and so on. Peace, marriage, the four generations together, happiness, longevity, and harmony in the neighborhood, as well as the earnest hope for the good things. Third, the historical legend class In the past, this type of carving, in our province, widely spread in folklore, this is because the ancient working people in the struggle with nature, not willing to passively conform and submit, and actively conquer nature, transform nature, so the human ability to idealize, create superhuman power - the gods and goddesses to serve their own. In our ancient myths and legends, there are eight immortals such as Tie Qiao Li, Han Zhong Li, Zhang Guolao, He Xian Nun, Lan Caihe, Lu Dongbin, Han Xiangzi, Cao Guoyu, and so on, who are said to have attained the way of the gods, exceeding the world of man, not to eat grains and cereals, sucking the wind and drinking dew, riding on dragons and phoenixes, and to be immortal, and they are said to have great magical abilities, unpredictable, incomparable, boundless, and to be able to influence the earth's woes and blessings, and to rule over all things in the world. Admittedly, this is a kind of fantasy, but people are always superstitious, worship, yearning, hoping that they give the earth to eliminate disasters and difficulties, and happiness. Therefore, folk carving art, like the "Eight Immortals Celebration of Life", "and the two immortals", "Lua Xian", "Heavenly Officials Provide Blessings ', "Three Stars of Fortune and Longevity" and other celestial immortals and other subjects, abound. These works with mythological content reflect people's prayers for a peaceful life, prolonging life and conquering nature to get rid of disasters. Shanxi folk drums and gongs are known as "the first drums in China". Drums are the musical instruments of our ancestors, and they have existed as far back as the primitive society. Not only is there the legend of the Yellow Emperor making drums, but there are also excavated artifacts to prove that drums are the best of the Chinese cultural heritage. Today, there are thousands of drums in the country, and no less than dozens of varieties of drums in Shanxi, dating back to the ancient culture of "earth drums", "alligator drums", and now from the big to Zhou Ying zhang several handsome drums to small only a few inches of the hand drum, Shanxi is indeed the birthplace of Chinese drum culture! The drum is one of the birthplaces of Chinese drum culture. Drums in Shanxi, the clan prosperous branch multiply. There are clear gongs and drums that are self-contained, as well as blowing gongs and drums, drums and drums, gongs and drums and temple gongs and drums. The rich precipitation, colorful art, cohesion of how many people, and how many Chinese and foreign scholars and experts to the frame to it. Drum culture has become a representative of Sanjin culture and a flag of Yellow River culture, which not only adds color to the land of Sanjin, but also brightens up the Chinese nation. First, the clear gongs and drums The clear gongs and drums are mainly "Weifeng Gongs and Drums", "Taiyuan Gongs and Drums", "Jiangzhou Drums and Music", "Yue Village Orphaned", "Catty Weighing Drums and Drums" and so on. Since 1988, Shanxi's Wei Feng Gongs and Drums have been performed from the Agricultural Games to the Asian Games, from the Folk Art Festival in the provincial capital to the 40th Anniversary Celebration in Tian'anmen Square, which has really brought out the prestige of Shanxi's folk art, enjoying a good reputation throughout the country and being heard all over the world. The Wei Feng Gong and Drum is a popular folk art in Huozhou, Hongdong, Fenxi and Linfen. According to legend, in 619 A.D., Li Shimin fought against Liu Wuzhou in Huozhou, beating the drum to meet the battle, sounding the gong to close the army, advancing and retreating in an orderly manner, and won the victory, and then the Wei Feng gongs and drums were passed down. This kind of gongs and drums is characterized by its "powerful style". From the configuration of the gongs and drums, the organization of the playing team, the performance, and the dress code, all of them are showing the wind. First, the sound is impressive. When you look at the sound of the gongs and drums, you can hear the sound of the gongs and drums before you see them, and the sound of the gongs and drums is as loud as a thunderclap, which is extraordinary. In fact, the instruments it uses are very simple, only drums, gongs, cymbals and cymbals. The traditional proportion of drums, gongs, cymbals and cymbals is 2. Nowadays, the number of people in the group has increased to 400 or 500, and the proportion of drums and gongs has been enlarged to make the sound more prominent. The performance method is that the drums conduct, the gongs play, and the cymbals and cymbals are divided into two parts, playing alternately. The musical phrases are often treated as "double phrases". Hundreds of drums, hundreds of gongs, hundreds of pay cymbals, *** sound playing, sound such as heaven and earth roar, so that people feel that year Li Shimin led the mighty battle. Because of the rhythm changes, there are 2 / 4 3 / 4 4 / 4, and 3 / 8 5 / 8 appeared, thus presenting a variety of colors, so that people feel interesting, bright and not monotonous, strong and contains a soft beauty. Secondly, the style of the gongs and drums is very powerful. The songs of the gongs and drums are both independent chapters and sets. Its multi-part suite is generally divided into three parts, namely, "the head", "the main body" and "the end". The style, phrase and rhythm are mostly marching; the names of the pieces are mostly military: "Single Sword to the Meeting", "Three Battles with Lu Bu", "Ambush on All Sides", "Five Horses to Break Cao" and "Five Horses to Break Cao", "Five Horses Breaking Cao", "Six Out of Qishan", "Seven Captures of Mengwu", etc. Most of the pieces start with the "beating of the drums" and are played with a combination of ups and downs, tension and relaxation. The performance mostly starts from "beating drums", with ups and downs, combination of tension and relaxation, but not away from the majestic theme, resulting in a kind of battlefield mood of the sword and the blade. Thirdly, the scene is majestic. Mighty wind gongs and drums play more than a few hundred people, all the ancient soldier attire, set up a battle array, before and after the retreat, left and right open and close; a sudden wind swirls the clouds, a sudden rain hit the withered leaves; separate the elephant gossip, the cloud set yin and yang bi-harmonization. That scene is really amazing, but also really touching. Fourth, the dance style, players in the performance, combined with the rhythm of the drums scene changes, to make a variety of dance style. Drummers have "left and right open bow", "horse stance impact", "interspersed against the fight", "open and close fighting"; gong players have The gong player has the "backward front punch" and "backward bow"; the cymbal player has the "cymbal high flip", "chest flip", and "single flip", "double flip", "diagonal *", "positive *", etc. The drums and gongs and cymbals have been transformed into swords and guns here. Performers have become generals, officers and pawns, majestic, a killing spirit, "dance" into "martial arts". Playing and cleverly and freely use the "drum flower", "gong flower", "cymbal flower", plus flogging on the wrist of the ribbon decoration, the whole scene appears to be colorful, giving people a pleasing sense of relief The feeling of "martial arts" has become "dance". Folk embroidery, not only a long history in Shanxi, and a wide range of subjects, rich in content, with the characteristics of reflecting the customs of Shanxi. Shanxi folk embroidery, has its own unique artistic style, pure and simple pattern, colorful, simple composition, exaggerated shape, stitching variety, embroidery exquisite. Most of these embroidered works of art from the folk are from the hands of rural working women. Childhood of human history, recorded in bone needle, twine sewing animal skin, cover the body to protect from the cold, grinding animal teeth, shells, colorful stones, tied to the chest, wrist where to dress up their own historical facts. At that time, although it is not considered embroidery art, but actually marked the desire for beauty and creation, from our ancestors have begun this pursuit. The instinctive pursuit of beauty and the emergence of basic tools and materials made embroidery an art form at a very early stage. As early as in the Zhou Dynasty, there is "painting and embroidery work, **** its duties". "Poetry - Zhaonan" in the "Lamb's skin, vegetarian silk five (armature it)", "Lamb's leather, vegetarian silk five (armature or)", "Lamb's sewing, vegetarian silk five total" of the poem, describing the At that time sewing leather clothing exquisite craftsmanship. Poetry Classic - Tang Feng" in the "vegetarian Zhu (礻暴)", "vegetarian Zhu embroidery" is a true depiction of the embroidery art at that time, and at that time, Tang, refers to the central region of Shanxi. Shanxi folk embroidery has a long history, in the subsequent process of social development, become an indispensable element of human life. Its craftsmanship skills have been perfected and exquisite. Tang Hu Linneng to seven poems to praise the level of folk embroidery: "Sunset in front of the Hall of flowers delicate, scrambling to take a small pen on the bed to describe. Embroidered into the spring garden, luring the warbler down the willow." Shanxi folk embroidery, whether Jinnan or Jinbei, mountainous areas or plains, due to the influence of its ancient culture and geographic conditions, appear to be frank, simple, warm, rugged wild. Especially as clothing embroidery, is coordinated with the human character, adaptable and exist, so it is both a kind of plastic art, but also a kind of environmental art; both a kind of splendid folk culture, but also colorful, real folk life. Shanxi folk toys, the Yellow River Basin is a valuable heritage of traditional culture and the living fossil of the development of national art. First, Shanxi folk toys have a long history of Shanxi unearthed a large number of ancient ceramic products, there are many objects similar to today's Xin Jiang County fired pottery whistle, pottery toys shape. Wanrong County ancient city excavations of the Neolithic period of the pottery ocarina enough to confirm that the land of Sanjin as early as a few thousand years ago has produced a very fine clay toys prototype. Although these ceramic products with a strong faith worship color, but with the recent purely for fun and enjoyment of a variety of folk toys are not unrelated. The "seven-tone whistle" is popular in Jishan, Xinjiang, Daixian and other places, which is a derivation on the basis of the pottery ocarina. Linyi wenjiaying colorful clay toys from the Ming Dynasty to the present, has a good reputation, which is mixed into the matriarchal clan era to pray for the fertility of the faith legacy and for children to ward off evil spirits and evil, in order to protect the peace and health of consciousness. Women and children "body wear scented bags", play the custom of incense bags originated in the Han Dynasty. According to legend, May 5 is an evil day when pests breed and plague is prevalent. The Jade Emperor sent the plague fairy down to earth, the use of wormwood incense bag, coated with andrographis wine, kill pests, so that people avoid disaster immunity. For a long time there has been a "hundred rope tied on the wrist, the five poisons do not dare to commit, the five poisons into dust, the demons to hell," the ballad. Wear to play with the bag of incense for thousands of years, the production method is becoming more and more refined. Shanxi cardboard toys first appeared in the Ming Dynasty, "Suikou Jiliao": "Wanli end of the year, the folk good leaf play ...... to Chongzhen when the great sheng." So far Huairen, Lingshi, Qixian and many other places still have this card game. Shanxi folk customs nurtured and developed the art of folk toys, folk toys and enrichment of folk customs, it is the same as the countryside folk as quiet and simple complement, is the embodiment of the beauty of the simple wind of the working people and materialization. With the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Ching Ming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, along with the life rituals of birth, three days, full moon, 100 days, the first birthday and other fertility rites, many folk toys are made. Folk toys in the fertility rituals are colorful and full of variety, and the folk toys in the festivals and traditional temple fairs are even more colorful and varied. Especially the folk worship of gods and spirits and bring the primitive emotions and deep primitive mystery psychology, affecting the aesthetic requirements of folk toys, promoting the continuous creation and development of a variety of toys. Second, Shanxi folk toys rooted in the folk toys are free and easy artistic creation of the working people. It is condensed with rich local feelings, nurturing romantic artistic imagination. The creation of folk toys has a wide range of spontaneity. Their production is not of a commercial nature and is not affected by any market price or political trend. The creation of folk toys is based on the direct needs of their own lives: teasing babies, dressing up children, beautifying themselves, decorating the living environment. According to their own intuitive feeling of life and traditional aesthetic habits, unrestrained, at will, express their emotions, ideals and aspirations. Such as mud toys in the "mud tiger" modeling, both like monkeys, and like a tiger, as well as the wings of the cloth chicken embroidered into the shape of two flowers. Folk artists to take the most simple, most convenient handmade, using the cheapest soil, cloth, wood and paper, by virtue of dexterity of the skills, according to local conditions, local materials; through the father passed on to his son, the mother passed on to her daughter or the villagers to give each other, observe and learn from each other, everyone's ingenuity can be brought into play. The natural inheritance of arts and techniques forms the unique free and dexterous style of handmade. Folk toys are closely related to people's lives, and they are material products of practical value that people need for their lives. At the same time is to teach the beauty of the artwork, human beings in the long-term practice of social production, the development of a unique aesthetic taste, in the material production at the same time, consciously follow the laws of beauty to shape the shape of the toys, to become the materialization of the beauty of the "use" and "beauty" "Use" and "beauty" are closely linked. Folk toys are a combination of art and utility, beauty and utility of the harmony of the two as one. Such as the baby's cloth tiger pillow, not only for children to sleep, play, but also give a person to appreciate the beauty. Folk toys have a profound meaning, folk artists meet the joy of the nation's emotions and love and hate the concept of the use of toys in the form of external, through its ideology, symbolizing a certain idea, affecting people's emotions, to become a "conscious form". The vast majority of folk toys are the mother ** heart, as an expression of the creator's love, with the help of the tiger, chicken, fish, dragons, phoenixes, these people love, with specific aesthetic connotations of the image, cleverly expressed the "good luck", "wealth and prosperity" theme. Racial reproduction, the cult of life consciousness in Shanxi folk toys in the most frank, "tiger head fish tail pillow" is the most typical representative. Wen Yiduo wrote in his "fish" article: "fish in China has the blessing of reproductive prosperity meaning," the tiger in folklore is a symbol of vitality, mighty and strong, tiger and fish clever combination, suggesting a combination of yin and yang, vividly and imaginatively expressed on the Chinese nation "melons and gourds", long continuity, prosperity and prosperity The clever combination of tiger and fish suggests the combination of yin and yang, which vividly expresses the blessing of the Chinese nation "melons and gourds", long continuity and prosperity. These folk toys, focusing on the love of the pouring, from the implied and symbolic factors, so that people to understand, inducing people's associations, as a way to send, waving their own feelings and love. Shanxi folk toys concentrated, precipitated by the Chinese descendants of strong emotional awareness, beliefs and expectations. Shanxi folk toys are rough, simple, vivid and beautiful, focusing on decorative, bold details, highly generalized artistic image. At first glance it seems so clumsy, posture is not in line with the norm, the structure is not proportional, the corners have no rules, but all of this not only did not weaken, but enhance the works of the inherent robustness, thick, more seemingly ancient rough, vibrant, stretching and unrestrained. Rough appearance does not feel rough, childish appearance is more flavorful, static flow and rhythm, so that the inner spirit of more concentrated. Color plays an important role in Shanxi folk toys. As toys to celebrate, auspicious as the theme, therefore, to its red, warm, bright colors and the world. Bright red tiger body with green plum blossom, tail and yellow leaves, red head and two green ears, in bright shades of yellow with purple, red on the superimposed green. Folk artists are not reproducing natural colors, but breaking through the principle of color perspective and the concept of space and time. This concept of color is linked to the ancient yin-yang and five elements that govern everything in heaven and earth. "The sky has gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and the colors are green, red, black, white and yellow", and the folk say that its five colors are the right colors. Toys, white background with green and red patterns, black texture coated with yellow, red, green embellishments, concise and eye-catching, colorful and harmonic, based on nature and beyond nature, this healthy and simple view of color, full of enthusiasm and vitality, with a shocking infectious force. Shanxi is close to Henan, west of Shaanxi, north of Inner Mongolia, east of Hebei, geographic border adjacent to the influence of customs and folklore, inevitably in the folk toys of the artistic style and methods of mutual penetration. Shanxi folk toys, clay toys, part of the shape, color is very close to Henan, cloth tiger, cloth dolls and with Shaanxi Weinan, Huaxian area similar to some of the same. Historical changes, wars and disasters, bringing people to move, and commercial economic development and cultural exchanges, etc., are Shanxi folk toys by its neighboring regions. Shanxi folk toys are slightly different due to regional and their respective dependence on the geographical conditions and living customs and environmental differences. Jinnan mainly for the Yellow River, Fen River coast, become Jin, Shaanxi and Henan Yellow River triangle state zone, located in the river valley waterways, gullies and ravines, coupled with a long history of ancient culture, folk customs ancient, this area of folk toys are more simple and elegant; Jinzhong region is in the plains, geographic conditions, economic and cultural prosperity, living in affluence, folk toys are more beautiful and elegant, delicate and delicate; Jinbei region are mostly mountainous and hilly, the plugged highlands, folk toys are more majestic and bold, folk toys are more majestic and bold, folk toys are more majestic and bold, folk toys are more majestic and bold. Folk toys are more majestic and bold, rough and simple. Although each show the work of art, each has a different interest, but there is a distinctive consistency of the three Jin style. As for the bag, Jinnan's sewing figures, animals, mainly to string with the cloth tiger stepped on snakes, scorpions, geckos, toads, thousands of clawed insects, centipedes, five venomous insects, vivid image, enough to mess with its real, colorful, red through fresh, to Wenxi, Xinjiang, Jishan, Wanrong, Yongji on behalf of the. Jinzhong region of the bag of incense, more colorful silk thread woven into diamonds, squares and triangles and other color samples, said the incense purse, and for children to play the silk thread wrapped around the color wheel, its shape and pattern pattern or tone are to wonderful, decorative fun, to Qixian, Fenyang, jiexiu as a representative. Jinbei incense bag with people's lives related to fruits and vegetables, vegetables, flowers, plants, insects and birds as the subject matter, simple and generous, exaggerated deformation, to Huairen, Zuoyun, Shanyin County on behalf of. Clay toys of lions, tigers, dogs, chickens and sheep are common themes. Xinzhou, Daixian, Dingxiang around the mud doll modeling thick eyebrows, fat Dun Fukushima, mostly seated, large color, exaggerated simplicity; and Jinnan LinYi colorful mud toys to folklore in the TianGong, TengGu, HuWa see more to the white as the background, depicted in yellow, red, blue, green, seemingly tender, well-behaved and friendly. Niangniang Temple will be seeking children clay dolls, Jiangxian County, Wanrong County, the face of beautiful, small and delicate; Huairen, right Yu's rugged and vulgar, just like a "clay statue". To say that the mud whistle whistle, or Xinjiang County's seven sound whistle is the most exquisite, it is actually burned pottery products, beautiful shape, pattern, thick black background dotted with a few points of yellow, red, white, birds, beasts, the shape of the head are exaggerated, narrow the body, omit the limbs, very distinctive. Buhu toys can be found everywhere, with different images and different shapes. Jiangxian County's cloth tiger series there are twenty-four kinds of more, tiger head fish tail, tiger head snake tail, tiger head pomegranate tail, unicorn ...... Ruicheng County's lion and tiger head and body inlaid, shaking the head and swinging the tail; north of the geese in the region of right yu zuoyun, Huairen County's cloth tiger fat head and ears, fat and round body; jinnan, wanrong, jixian cloth tiger, most of the willowy eyebrow, walnut eyes, a small mouth, whiskers made of fluff, more decoration on its back, and a slender and curved upward tail; the Buhu of Jinbei has thick eyebrows, big eyes and a wide mouth, whiskers and hairs mostly depicted, bold lines, and a thick and straight tail. There is not much difference in appearance between the two-headed tigers of several regions, both of which are characterized by might and docility, but the ones of Jinnan behave in a lively and eloquent manner, while the ones of Jinbei appear naive and lovely. "The fire of Nanzhuang, the lamp of Taigu, and the back-stick of Xugou love to kill people", this is the folklore of the folk art of Xugou's back-stick for hundreds of years. Tracing back to Xugou Iron Stick, it was first produced more than 400 years ago during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. It was originally a kind of activity for the common people to carry the god to offer sacrifices when there was a drought and lack of rain. Later, due to the inconvenience of carrying the gods, some people pretended to be the Queen Mother and the Golden Girls. Historically, the first iron stick in Xugou was called "Phoenix pulling a cart and dragon playing an umbrella". It is a unique style of group dance, and its characteristics are summarized as: speechless drama, aerial dance and mobile acrobatics. The spring breeze of reform and opening up has injected new vitality into the art of Xugou Dibiqi. After continuous excavation, finishing, innovation and development, this art is more and more beautiful, more and more high visibility, the radiation surface is also more and more large, on Beijing, Shenzhen, good scenery, and was received by the central leaders, was known to foreign friends as the "Oriental a great".