Welcome to my hometown
Heihe is a beautiful city
There are many beautiful gardens
I love my hometown
I love my hometown
<Heihe is a beautiful city
There are many beautiful gardens
I love my hometown
I love my hometown
These are probably all, I hope it helps
Heihe Tourist Attractions
The tourist attractions of Heihe are as follows:
bAiHui District:
1.Aigun Ancient City
2. Heihe Aigun Historical Museum (3A)
3.HeiLongjiang Sino-Russian Ethnic Customs Park
4.DahaiHe Island
4.
5. Heilongjiang Park
6. Museum of Knowing Youth
7. Jinhe Grand Canyon
8. Memorial Hall of Overseas Chinese Traveling in Russia (3A)
Nenjiang City:
9. Nenjiang Farm of Heilongjiang Province (3A)
Wudalianchi City:
10. Wudalianchi Scenic Spot (5A): Wenpo Scenic Area, Medicine Spring Mountain Scenic Area, Wudalianchi Volcanic Museum, Fire Mountain, Erlongye Spring, Medicine Spring Lake
11. Old Black Mountain (Volcano) Scenic Area: Sea of Stone, Jet Cone (Dish)
12. North Drinking Spring
13. Underground Glacier
14. Longmen Shizhai Scenic Area
15. Zhongling Zen Temple on Medicine Spring Mountain
16. Shankou Lake Geological Park (4A)
Sunke County:
17.Sunke Big Platform Mist Scenic Area
18.Beian Wuyuer River National Wetland Park
Heihe is located in northeastern China, the northern part of Heilongjiang Province, bordering with Yichun and Suihua in the southeast, Qiqihar in the southwest, Nengjiang River in the west, and connected with Daxinganling region in the north. With the center line of the main channel of the Heilongjiang River as the boundary, and the third largest city in the Russian Far East - Amur Region, the capital of the city of Blagoveshchensk across the Heilongjiang River, is the only pair of China-Russia border line of the largest, highest specifications, the most functional, the nearest counterparts of the city, the nearest distance of only 750 meters apart.
My hometown Heihe English composition No less than 10 sentences
Black River is my home, it is located in China's northeastern Heilongjiang province, a city. It has a long history, is an It has a long history, is an ancient and beautiful city. Here the land is fertile, wide. There are many beautiful attractions for visitors to travel. In any case, in my heart My home is beautiful.
So, I love my hometown.
Heihe is my hometown, which is located in the northeastern part of China, is a city in Heilongjiang Province. It has a long history and is an ancient and beautiful city. The land here is fertile and vast. There are many beautiful spots for tourists to visit. Not only is the scenery here pleasant, but the food is also delicious. Anyway, in my heart my hometown is the most beautiful.
So I love my hometown.
Hope you can help
Heihe Travel Tips Must Play Attractions
One, Wudalianchi Scenic Area
Wudalianchi Scenic Area is distributed with more than a dozen volcanic bodies, in the continuous evolution of the formation of the peculiar and spectacular volcanic landscape, the scenic spot can be seen everywhere in the rope, twisted karst landforms, and there are also often birds roosting.
Time: Open all day.
Location: Wudalianchi Town, Wudalianchi City, Heihe City.
Two, Beiyaoquan
Beiyaoquan belongs to one of the most famous springs in Wudalianchi, and there is a pavilion building built right above this spring, which is more like a protection for the spring, with a mixture of water and land.
Time: 8:30-17:00.
Location: Medicine Spring West Road, Wudalianchi Town, Wudalianchi City, Heihe River.
Three, Laoheishan
Laoheishan is also one of the typical volcanoes, and at a higher altitude, with a diameter of 350 meters, the inner wall is very steep and deep.
Time: 8:00-15:00.
Location: 10 kilometers north of Wudalianchi downtown, Heihe City.
Four, Aigun Ancient City
Aigun Ancient City has witnessed the history and is one of the important sites of the history and culture of the Heilongjiang basin, there is a construction of modern exhibition halls in the ancient city, which displays a lot of historical relics, the whole big environment has the reputation of small Jiuzhai.
Location: Aigun Town, Aihui District, Heihe City.
Fifth, Jinhe Grand Canyon
Jinhe Grand Canyon is a comprehensive and very high tourist attraction, and the different landscapes of the four seasons are all marvelous.
Time: March-October 7:00-17:00, November-February 9:00-16:30.
Location: Jinhe Farm, Heihe City.
Russian Border Tours
Russian Border Cities Blagoveshchensk
Located in the northern part of Heilongjiang Province, Heihe City is a vast, beautiful and magical border area. It is now under the jurisdiction of Aihui District and Beian, Wudalianchi 2 cities and Nenjiang, Sunwu, Xunker 3 counties. 60,000 square kilometers, accounting for 1/6 of the province's area. population of 1.7 million people, there are 33 ethnic groups such as Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Da, E and so on. He has two of the world's three major natural resources of tourism, snow and ice, forests. Natural Volcanic Geological Museum Volcanic Group Wudalianchi, Won Hoon historical city, Oroqen, Daur settlement birthplace of folk villages, Xishan Lake, Woliu Lake and Shengshan hunting grounds, fast-flowing Zhanjiang River rafting, the charming scenery of the Sino-Russian Boundary River, as well as the "northern Sha Tau Kok," Dahaihe Island, and so on, are all summer tourist attractions. Unfortunately, we are in the coldest winter to arrive in Heihe,
Till now, I still clearly remember the low temperature in Russia to our physical trauma, in that the gas into ice temperature, the market is a murderous scene, there is no commercial activity to speak of, people forced to have to go to the outdoor activities, often like the rain like a rush to rush to hold the head of the rat, due to the cold, most people would rather stay indoors in the warmth of the room, but also in the cold. Because of the cold, most people prefer to stay indoors in the heated room and look at the glass on the windows to present a variety of ice cream window flowers.
Heihe City has a well-known telescope market, a lot of Russian military telescopes are sold here at low prices, I buy telescopes in this market, the ear did not take the ear monkey to keep warm, is engaged in picking the time, less than ten minutes, only to feel the ear issued: squeak Squeak of the two sounds, suddenly unconscious, ran to the roadside with a heated kiosk, ask the old man there, the old man asked clearly whether the ear issued a similar sound, I nodded my head. Whether the ear issued a similar sound, I nodded yes, the old man immediately warned me very seriously; you must not rub your ears, or you may fall off. Within just ten minutes of warming up at the newsstand. See my ears from white to red, from red to purple, later turned black, ears gradually skin ulcer, this color has been with me back to Beijing,
The severe cold made our activities were very limited, but did not affect our mood to tour around. In Heihe, dog meat stores are very numerous, at that time I have not raised my wobbly, very fond of this kind of food, it is still difficult to forget in the smoky little restaurant chewing the beautiful dog meat. Many restaurants in the area like to cook dog meat, which is a great way to keep out the cold.
The next day, we took a special cab ride to the small town of Aihui, 40 kilometers away from Heihe.
In our early years, we often saw commentators in textbooks and movies recounting, from a place of pain, how our ancestors, the corrupt Qing dynasty, had ceded territory and signed the Sino-Russian Treaty of Aihui, a treaty of deep shame for the Chinese nation. This treaty is exactly 100 years after my birth date. My birthday is May 29, 1958, and the treaty was signed on May 28, 1858, so I remember it very well from my childhood. We would like to see the place where the treaty was signed, which has left an eternal pain in the heart of the Chinese nation.
In 1683, the Qing government built Aigun City (the old city) on the left bank of the Heilongjiang River at the confluence with the Jingqili River and set up the Heilongjiang General's Yamen, which was moved to the right bank of the Heilongjiang River to the new city of Aigun (present-day Aihui Town) in 1685. Aigun City was the political, economic, cultural and military center of the Heilongjiang basin at that time. As the largest town in the Heilongjiang basin, Aigun reached its heyday before 1900. During the Second Opium War, a large number of Tsarist Cossacks invaded the Heilongjiang Basin again, illegally immigrated to Jiangdong, built up villages and towns, and signed the Sino-Russian Treaty of Aigun in 1858, and in 1900, the Tsarist Russians, taking advantage of the outbreak of the Boxer Rebellion and the fall of Beijing by the Eight-Power Allied Forces in China, firstly, they created the shocking tragedy of Hailanbao and the tragedy of Jiangdong's Sixty-four Tuns, and then, they invaded Heihe River and captured Aigun City downstream and destroyed the town. The city of Aigun was burned to the ground. Soon after, the Russian invasion army occupied the whole Northeast China. Aigun was the largest town along the Heilongjiang River at that time. According to historical records, Aigun had a population of 40,000 and 3,000 merchants. Aigun was known as the "Key to the North Gate". Only the Kuixing Pavilion in the south of the city tells the people of later times about the splendor and tragedy that once existed here.
Won history, quite representative of the whole of China's modern history of bloodshed.
Aihui town is covered in a piece of ice and snow, now the white, heavy, in the Memorial Hall we know that now across the river in Blagoveshchensk, the original is our Chinese land, originally called Hailan Bubble. According to the 1858 Sino-Russian Aigun Treaty was ceded, Aigun Treaty is China's modern history is more typical of the loss of power and humiliation of the unequal treaties. At that time, the interpreter of the Memorial Hall revealed to us another piece of news, our national government is now negotiating with Russia, ready to formally transfer the original 64 Tuns of our territory Jiangdong to Russia, 64 Tuns of Jiangdong, equivalent to the area of a province in our country, for a long time the Russians in fact have been occupying this territory for a long time, I have never figured out at that time why our state institutions at that time had such a move, or for what strategic reasons it must have been made without the public opinion of the nation.
When the narrator at the time spoke about this incident, I could clearly see tears of grief and indignation glistening in her eyes 。。。。。
Standing on the Kuixing Tower to see the town of Aihui, which turned out to be a strategic town in the three eastern provinces
Won Hoon's history is quite representative of the whole of China's modern history of bloodshed. In Heihe and Aigun ancient town, on the one hand is the beautiful scenery, on the other hand is the heavy history. How can you relax your Chinese heart in this place.
Cross-border tour
Frozen waves of spectacular ice
In the Boundary River, the border between the two countries, a center for the boundary, the Chinese border troops in the ice covered with brick barracks, red flags fluttering, appearing to be heroic and God's might, there are also in front of the door in front of the ice cut open the 20-meter-square small swimming pool, the entire barracks solemn and dignified, but this kind of house is only six months, the freezing period, covered in the ice. After, covered in the ice house will naturally disappear.
Ice and snow built into a small house is the Russian side of the post, visible wearing snow suit sentries
And the Russian side, is a small bunker built with snow, looks broken, from time to time there are wearing a white cloak of the border guards out of the people, the whole river is not like the mainland phenomenon of frozen rivers and lakes is flat and neat, but presents a momentary solidification of the waves of the spectacular scene, we feel y Nature's ingenious work
In the Russian border, we saw the Russian border police tall and powerful, the woman is the same tall horse, long face with clear contours, thick eyebrows and big eyes charming handsome, the border police on the attitude of the Chinese appeared to be very hard, as if the smile is outlawed in the Russian service industry. From the moment of entry to the end of the tour, there was not a single moment of service with a smile, and the consistency of the service remained intact. On the Chinese side of the border, with the opening up of China, vendors fill up the border halls with bags and many Chinese people shout as if they were in their own township station. It is said that across the river, there is a free trade market in Kashgar with more than 4,000 Chinese, and that the Chinese are indeed very capable of doing business. The Chinese people's casual style makes these border police feel very impatient, they let their compatriots through very quickly, the Chinese people tend to be more harsh, baggage inspection, dollars, like a machine and other equipment check very carefully, the entire border crossing lasted 2 and a half hours.
We finally set foot in Blagoveshchensk, now part of Russia, which was ceded by the corrupt Qing dynasty under the Treaty of Aigun more than 100 years ago.
The Chinese market in the center of Dhaka, where Chinese goods were already being boycotted because some unscrupulous merchants in the country were victimizing the locals with their fake and substandard products, was the first of its kind in Dhaka, but it was the only place in the world where Chinese people could find a place to live.
The land that the Chinese called Hiram's Bubble has now been ceded by our ancestors. On the left bank of the Heilongjiang River, she was originally a village in China, and in 1858 the Tsarist Russians forced the Qing government to sign the unequal Sino-Russian Treaty of Aigun, which forcibly occupied Hailanbao, renamed it Blagoveshchensk, and later made it the capital of the province of Amur.
This treaty ceded one million square kilometers of our national territory.
After the military mobilization of Amur Province on June 25, 1900, the persecution of Chinese atrocities continued to take place in Hailanbao, and the Chinese who were unable to withstand the mistreatment fled back to Jiangyou. All the Chinese who did not have time to leave because of the drag of their families and properties became the targets of massacre. They forcibly drove the Chinese living in Hiram's Bubble into the river, picking them with bayonets and machine-gunning them, creating the shocking Jiangdong 64-tun tragedy. Walking on the streets of Russia, I thought in my mind that this piece of land was originally ceded by our ancestors, and my heart will naturally be affected by the emotion.
Russia has 79 states, and Blagoveshchensk, the capital of Amur state, is the earliest established city in the Russian Far East, more than 140 years ago. The city covers an area of more than 30 square kilometers and has a population of 30 million, of which Russians are in the majority. The guide told me that Gagarin, the first human cosmonaut to explore space, was born in this city.
Bragoveschensk has a well-developed educational system with 38 colleges and universities. Our guide, a native of Heihe but a graduate of Blagoveshchensk University, did not seem to have much passion for the city from the time she showed us around, but she did talk a lot about the level of culture that characterizes the city. The literacy level of the population is also related to the social security of the city. According to statistics, there has been only one major murder in the city in 15 years, allegedly by a Chinese, so our guide told us not to worry about our wallets being stolen. Russia's security situation is very good
Russia is vast, with 1/6 of the earth's land surface and only 2.5% of the world's population. The country spans 9 time zones. The former Soviet Union left Russia a strong home base of industrialization, with a solid infrastructure of roads, railroads, water and electricity. Present-day Russia possesses first-rate military and scientific technology left by the former Soviet Union. Russia has 11.3% of the population and 48.3% of the population with higher and secondary education. Even in the dilapidated city of Blagoveshchensk, with a population of only 300,000, more than 20% of the population is highly educated. Russia's streets are wide and vast, many roads and squares are sparsely populated, and most of the cars that occasionally run through the streets are Lada Volga and other domestic cars, while Japanese-made cars are rare and mostly worn out, and the only Mercedes-Benz we saw belonged to the North Korean embassy.
The first place we visited was the Daursky Museum, the oldest in the Far East.
The museum is huge, and it took 2 hours to walk around it. Most of the interpreters were old women in their 40s and 50s, and most of the time they were not interested
The museum's exhibits are a collection of national customs and cultural objects, specimens of insects and samples of ores, and so on. It has a history exhibition hall, a nature exhibition hall and a literature exhibition hall. Display collection of more than 4000 pieces, the whole is a small encyclopedia of the Lamur Region. The exhibition hall on the first floor of the museum is devoted to the history and specialties of the Amur Region. In the exhibition hall there are huge mammoth teeth and leg bones from archaeological excavations in the Amur Region, as well as a variety of chopping and smashing tools, scraping tools, and stringing shells used by ancient people. The exhibits are placed in a natural ecological form, like a free and harmonious ecological paradise of the animal world. The real ecological environment, set off by realistic specimens of animals and birds, the image of realistic, lifelike. The exhibition hall also displays the Amur region on the indigenous inhabitants live in the handful of Luozi, clothing and daily necessities, in this place is also exhibited in the signing of the "Sino-Russian Aihun Treaty," the Russian chief representative of the General Nikolai Muravyov's riding a high horse, hand wielding a sword in a huge painting of his hooves are a group of blank-faced or horrified Chinese people. It was this powerful expansionist executioner who was made Count of Amurskiy by the Tsar for his criminal activities and "merits" in the invasion of the Heilongjiang basin. He became a hero of Russia and was enshrined in a museum, and the Sino-Russian Treaty of Aihun, signed on May 28, 1858, stipulated that more than 600,000 square kilometers of the vast and rich territory south of the Outer Hinggan Ridge north of the Heilongjiang River would be ceded to Czarist Russia. At that time, Engels said, "A territory the size of France and Germany and a river as long as the Danube" was given to Tsarist Russia. Similarly, the museum shows the rich virgin forests and underground deposits of the Amur region (part of these lands). As a Chinese person looking at these exhibits, with an understanding of history and a little bit of national character, the humiliation and indignation is self-evident. Clever Russian lecturer in Chinese mockingly argued: "these histories, you (Chinese) have your point of view, we (Russia) have our point of view, we are all ordinary people, do not go to argue, that is between your leadership and our leadership. As long as we are friendly now!" Yes, as long as we live together amicably. History is in the past and humiliation can only be kept in mind.
Amur children's art museum is located in the city of Blagovizhongsk, we drove to, in the training of the little girls here all look radiant, the Russian girls under 18 years old, all look tall and white, beautiful, we often in the street, in the store was a beautiful to the model of the general attraction of the girls, to see them rehearsing the swan dance, that the whole is a kind of spiritual enjoyment, sensory enjoyment. The whole thing is a kind of spiritual enjoyment, sensual enjoyment.
The first-floor ballroom offers nightly "lap dances" for the Chinese, which are very colorful. The city is also known as the "student city," with 15,300 university students and 11,600 secondary school students in a population of 211,900, an average of one out of five, and many of the performances are said to be by current students. Tickets are extremely expensive, probably close to three hundred yuan or almost a thousand rubles. You pay to get in and use a stamp on the back of your hand to buy a ticket. There was no program, no host or announcer. First on stage is the Russian folk dance, girls and boys dressed in national costume, there are group dances, duo dances, single dances, male actors and actresses action amplitude, sparing no effort to open and close, big ups and downs, showing the Russians exposed emotions and unrestrained boldness. The second half of the "dance" is also known as striptease, some people are most willing to appreciate the Russian girls, slender and straight body, white and clean skin, in order to watch close to the rich breasts and fat buttocks, deliberately squeezed into the front row of seats. After holding the steel pipe to do a few teasing moves, half-naked or nearly naked girl came down to the stage, arms and shins, thighs and waist, smooth like grease, undulating like a swan, young and pure and mature into the beauty of the United States together, selling its exotic vitality and Mei Ya fragrance, overflowing with youthfulness to ignite your pupils, the body tilted back straight, silky and firm skin attracting people to bite and suck, you are just going to be intoxicated by the warmth of the jade embrace full of incense when the female When you are about to revel in the warmth of the embrace, the woman's mouth suddenly bursts out four hard Chinese characters, "Tip! Rubles!" The snake's curved body tenses up, and she holds out her palm to you, with no tenderness in her eyes, but only an obsession with money. The tip is usually 10 rubles, and after the group has left, the next round of performers come down to ask for a tip, and the change in your pocket is quickly dispersed, so you ask the porter to help you change it, and you give him a one-hundred-denomination ticket, and he brings you back seventy rubles, and when you're thirty short, he tells you, "Tip!" He told you, "Tip!" You have to tip even to change money. The spectators were scattered, the seats were empty, and the girls were chasing them all over the room. Their ears are filled with "Tip! Tip!" After running from one group and not getting caught, another group comes along, dodging the ones on your left, not realizing you're being blocked by the ones on your right, and by the end of the hour or so of the show, you swear, "A thousand bucks are gone, and you'll never get it back." Some people come to the city more than once, or even several times a year, but to see the show, most of the open once the "Western view" is enough. Never seen all want to see to satisfy curiosity, so the successor endless, after looking at the door even called "not worth it!" Of course, there are special services "international girls", after enjoying the show, dare to open the ocean meat ask for a few.
The state-run department store in Blagoveshchensk is about the same size as the shopping malls in our county, city and district, and you can't see any signs on the outside of the store because there's no competition to publicize it. There are no advertisements or billboards on the street,
Russia and our time difference of two hours, the sun comes out at 3 o'clock, 5 o'clock in the evening the store is closed. The streets of the city of Budapest are lined with vendors or stores, and the streets here are "quiet". We stayed at the Friendship Hotel, which is said to be one of the best in the city.
We walked into the hotel, the face is not half a smile of the Russian aunt, eyelids drooping, serious but not smiling, we saw the hotel elevator is a cage, like the kind of American movies in the 30s. The elevator was small enough to hold only three people, and the room was ridiculously furnished, with a dial telephone on the table, large square pillows that looked like cushions on our sofa, a hard green blanket on the bed, and a very soft bed - a nest to sit on. The bed was soft - a nest to sit on. It was soft but not soft, hard but not hard. The black and white TV has only two channels. Russian hotels are not equipped with toiletries, there is no hot water bottles, drinking water need to go to the corridor to pour
Friendship Hotel meals are mainly Russian Western-style food. Russian Western-style meal is a three-course meal: the first course of gazpacho, platter: the second course of soup; the third course of the main course; one per person, a piece of chicken, a piece of fish, want to eat more than one, meat and vegetables, nutrient mix is very reasonable, not a few people eat in the restaurant, even if some people eat is also silent, I was this cool Western-style food to get the stomach is very uncomfortable, and want to go back to the country the same night.
Black bread is a staple of the Russian table, at first glance it looks like the color of China's sorghum noodle nests, cut into a piece of a slice, the taste is a little sour, and a little salty. Black bread is extremely nutritious and easy to digest, because the yeast used to ferment black bread contains a variety of vitamins and biological enzymes. According to our Russian friends, baking black bread is quite laborious,
It takes almost two days just to make the dough and ferment it. Do a good job of the bread billet, into the temperature uniform Russian oven with the fire simmering, out of the bottom of the bread can be knocked bang bang sound, color and lustre of the black light and oil, cut the soft and delicious and do not fall off the slag, which is the top of the black bread. Because of the complexity of the process, so the Russian housewives are generally not at home to do it themselves, but to the bakery to buy. The first time I tasted caviar, is a high-end hotel in Harbin, we ordered a bottle of caviar, very expensive, a grain of crystal clear, like a small pearl-like caviar, looks pleasing to the eye, a little black. Some people ate it with gusto, while I found it fishy and salty at first taste, making it hard to swallow.
The view of Russia; Putin's reforms, success in Russia, but now their thinking is still stuck in the era of a very planned economy, society is changing, a lot of people's minds can not catch up, after nine years I do not know how this piece of land has become how the Russians are more reserved, more to take themselves seriously related to the Russians from Russia to the Soviet Union and then from the USSR to Russia, as if it was all overnight changes, before people are ready, this huge country has turned over a new leaf. Every revolution and change changes a generation, and people begin to change themselves as they come to terms with it.
I feel that they are not changing as much as we Chinese are becoming block.
Appendix: Causes of the Treaty of Aigun and the original text of the Treaty (copied from the Compendium of General History of China)
The Treaty of Aigun
The Treaty of Aigun:
The invasion of the Heilongjiang region of China and the seizure of the sea port to the Pacific Ocean were the consistent schemes of the successive czarist governments after the signing of the Treaty of Nerchinsk. After the opium wars, the tsarist Russia set up a "special committee on the Heilongjiang issue", stepped up its invasion of Heilongjiang activities. 1849 to 1853, the Russian naval officer Nevilskoy led the armed men, invaded the lower reaches of the Heilongjiang River, the establishment of invasion strongholds. Subsequently, under the command of Muravyov, the governor of Eastern Siberia, a large number of Russian invasion forces broke into the Heilongjiang River, the north bank of the upper and lower reaches of the military occupation.
On December 29, 1857, the British and French allied forces captured Canton. The tsarist government was informed of this situation, in 1858 (Xianfeng eight years) January 5, held a "special committee" meeting to conspire. The meeting adopted Muravyov on the continuation of the Heilongjiang "immigrants" and the Qing government to hold diplomatic negotiations backed by force. After the meeting, the tsarist government notified the Qing government that Muravyov had been appointed to negotiate the Sino-Russian border issue, and if China wished to end the "Heilongjiang problem", he could meet with him. At this time, the situation of the Second Opium War was extremely unfavorable to the Qing government. Muravyov took the opportunity to lead the Russian Cossack army to Aigun city. 20 May, the British and French allied forces captured the Dagu, Tianjin emergency, Beijing shook. 22, Muravyov in two gunboats escorted to Aigun city and the Qing Dynasty Heilongjiang General Yishan meeting, negotiation. Muravyov said he had come to "help China in its defense against Britain," and also to "defend his own territory." "For the benefit of both sides, Russia and China must draw the border along the Heilongjiang and Ussuri rivers." Yishan pointed out that the boundary between the two countries had been "agreed upon and observed, and has never been altered for a hundred or so years," according to the Treaty of Nerchinsk. Today, if you according to the proposal, it is difficult to accommodate the approval." The negotiations were heated. Before the meeting was adjourned, Muravyov handed over the "draft treaty" prepared by the Russian side to Yishan, who was required to reply the next day. The essence of this draft is to tear up the Sino-Russian "Treaty of Nerchinsk", forcibly occupy the area north of the Heilongjiang River and east of the Ussuri River. The second negotiation, the Chinese side on behalf of the Aishentai categorically rejected the unreasonable demands of the Russian side, and the "draft treaty" returned to the Russian side on behalf of the Pilovsky. The negotiations were inconclusive due to the irrationality of the Russian side. Muravyov impatient, once again personally, "ultimatum way", "put forward the final text of the treaty", forced Yishan to sign, and intimidated: "with the Chinese can not be negotiated in a peaceful manner. " That night Russian troop ships fired their guns and cannons. Under the threat of force of the Tsarist Russia, Yishan finally succumbed and was forced to sign the "Peace Treaty of Aigun City" with Muravyov on the 28th, also known as the "Treaty of Aigun".
The Treaty of Aigun***3 articles. The main contents are: the Chinese territory of more than 600,000 square kilometers north of the Heilongjiang River and south of the Outer Hinggan Ridge was transferred to Russia; a small area southeast of the upper reaches of the Jingchili River (now the Jieya River in Russia) on the opposite bank of Aigun (later known as the Jiangdong Sixty-fourth Tuns) retained the permanent residence and jurisdiction of the Chinese side; Chinese territory east of the Ussuri River was transferred to the Sino-Russian ****tube; the Heilongjiang River and the Ussuri River, which used to be the inland waterways of China, were only permitted for navigation of the vessels of the Chinese and the Russians. ships of the two countries were allowed to navigate. The Qing government did not ratify the Treaty of Aigun at the time and punished Yishan and others, but recognized the Treaty of Aigun when it concluded the Sino-Russian Treaty of Beijing in 1860.
The Treaty of Aigun caused great damage to China's territory and sovereignty, while Russia gained great territorial benefits and navigation rights on the Heilongjiang and Ussuri rivers, as well as access to the Pacific Ocean. Tsarist Russia summarized Muravyov's modus operandi in ceding the Heilongjiang region of China as a formula for aggression: "Russian diplomatic claims must be supported by the physical occupation of places." Subsequently, Russia ceded the area east of the Ussuri River in China and large tracts of territory in northwest China, all of which were done in this manner. The signing of the Treaty of Aigun set a sinister precedent for the further plundering of Chinese territory by Tsarist Russia.
Original text of the treaty:
Aigun, May 28, 1858, April 16, Xianfeng 8, Russian calendar, May 16, 1858, Aigun.
April 16, Xianfeng eight years, Heilongjiang General Yishan, together with the Russian East Sibir General Yue Fu, in Aigun City agreed to a peace treaty of three articles:
One, Heilongjiang, the Songhua River, the left bank of the river, from the Ergune River to the mouth of the Songhua River as the Russian State belongs to the land; the right bank of the river flows to the Ussuri River as the land belongs to the Qing Dynasty; the river from the Ussuri River to the sea of all the land, this place This place is like the place between the border of the two countries, as the land of the two countries **** management. From the Heilongjiang River, Songhua River, Ussuri River, hereafter only allowed China, Russia ship, all other foreign countries are generally not allowed to walk this river. The left bank of the Heilongjiang River, from the Jingqi Li River south to the exclusion of the Molle Zintun, the original Manchurian people, etc., as usual, allowed them to live in the canton of the permanent residence, but still the Minister of the Manchukuo State officials to manage the treaty management, the Russians, etc., and the Russians, shall not be infringed upon.
Second, the people of the two countries to take each other and, Ussuri, Heilongjiang, Songhua River, living in the two countries belonging to the people, so that they trade together, officials and other people on both sides of the river each other to take care of trade between the two countries.
Three, the Russian Jie Nie Laguo Bilna Tolmu Lafu Yuefu, China's town of Heilongjiang and other places of the General Yishan, together with the agreed articles, always comply with the Do not replace the cause; Russian Jie Nie Laguo Bilna Tolmu Lafu Yuefu write the Russian word, the word of Manchuria, personally draw a pledge to China's General Zonglu Yishan, and the Chinese General Yishan copy the Manchurian word, the word of Mongolia, personally draw a pledge to the
This is the first time in the world that the Chinese generals have agreed on the word, and the Generals have also agreed on the word, and the Generals have agreed on the word of Mongolia, personally draw a pledge to the Generals.