The Chinese Young Pioneers, formerly known as the Chinese Children's and Young People's Brigade, was founded on October 13, 1949. But the revolutionary organizations for children and youth in China have a history of more than 70 years, counting from the Labor Children's Troupe at the beginning of this century. Children's and Youth Organizations during the Revolutionary War During all periods of the Chinese Revolution, there were revolutionary children's organizations active with their fathers and brothers, contributing to the people's cause of liberation. From the day of the founding of the Chinese ****production Party in 1921, the Party has attached great importance to the construction of children's organizations. In the history of the development of the children and youth movement in China, there were different revolutionary children's organizations in different revolutionary historical periods.
The Chinese Young Pioneers, or "Young Pioneers" for short, is a mass organization for children and young people founded and led by the CPC and entrusted to the direct leadership of the Youth League, and it is a school for learning about ****anism. As early as in the new democratic revolution, the Chinese ****productivity party has led the establishment of the working boy scouts, ****productivity children's league, anti-Japanese children's league, the young pioneers and other children's and young people's revolutionary organizations.
The Chinese Young Pioneers, formerly known as the Chinese Children's and Young People's Brigade, was founded on October 13, 1949. But the revolutionary organizations for children and youth in China have a history of more than 70 years, counting from the Labor Children's Troupe at the beginning of this century. Children's and Youth Organizations during the Revolutionary War During all periods of the Chinese Revolution, there were revolutionary children's organizations active with their fathers and brothers, contributing to the people's cause of liberation. From the day of the founding of the Chinese ****production Party in 1921, the Party has attached great importance to the construction of children's organizations. In the history of the development of the children and youth movement in China, there were different revolutionary children's organizations in different periods of revolutionary history.
October 8, 2006, is the 50th anniversary of the creation of China's aerospace industry. 50 years, China's space from scratch, from small to large, from weak to strong, climbed the peaks; China's aerospace people independently, hard work, vigorously synergistic, selfless dedication to a passion for China's aerospace saga, invigorating the patriotic heartstrings of the Chinese nation.
Prologue
After the central government made the decision to develop atomic energy and the atomic bomb in 1955, missiles (rockets) as the means of delivery became the new direction of work. In the "Outline of the Visionary Plan for Scientific and Technological Development from 1956 to 1967 (Draft)" formulated in the spring of 1956, emerging technologies such as atomic energy and rocket technology became the focus of development. The country set off a "march to science and technology" boom.
I. Hard Work
1. Farsightedness and Strenuousness
April 13, 1956, the Aviation Industry Committee (AIC) was formally established, with Nie Rongzhen as its director. Under the auspices of Nie, more than 30 scientific and technological experts and a group of military and political cadres, more than 150 fresh university graduates gathered in Beijing one after another, becoming the base for the creation of the new Chinese aerospace industry.
October 8, 1956, China's first missile research institution - the Ministry of Defense Fifth Research Institute (referred to as the Ministry of Defense Fifth Institute) was officially established, the first director Qian Xuesen. China's space industry was born.
2, the introduction of technology, learning and digesting
Ministry of Defense, the establishment of the Fifth Academy, the former Soviet Union to China to provide important help. 1956 October the former Soviet Union first provided two for the teaching of P-1 model missiles, and in December 1957 provided two liquid short-range ballistic missiles P-2 and a set of ground equipment, and at the same time, also provide China with a missile development At the same time, it also provided China with engineering design drawings of the missile development base and launch base, and dispatched technical experts and missile operators and users.
With the help of the former Soviet Union, China began to copy the P-2 missile and the C-75 surface-to-air missile, started the construction of missile development bases and launching bases, and also set up a teaching brigade to learn the techniques of missile operation and use.
During this period, on Oct. 4, 1957, the former Soviet Union successfully launched the world's first artificial Earth satellite, which greatly inspired our country and other countries in the socialist camp.
3. Independence and self-reliance
China's aerospace industry has always insisted on independence and self-reliance, and China's determination to build a strong national defense did not waver even when the Sino-Soviet relations broke down in 1960. on November 5, 1960, China's own imitation of the liquid proximity ballistic ground-to-ground missiles was successfully launched. Since then, China has its own short-range ballistic missiles. In September of the same year, the Shanghai Mechanical and Electrical Design Institute designed and manufactured by China's first liquid sounding rocket T-7 launched successfully.
4, summary, a successful start
The Ministry of National Defense, five hospitals were established, under the 10 research laboratories, reorganized in 1957 as a first and second branch of the hospital, set up a third branch of the hospital in 1961, set up a fourth branch of the hospital in 1964. At the same time, related research institutes continued to join the management system of the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense, enriching and perfecting the scientific research system, which included the Shanghai Institute of Electromechanical Design of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (established in 1958, transferred to the establishment of the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense in 1963), the Second Bureau of Electromechanical Industry of Shanghai (established in 1961, under the management of the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense in 1962), and the Institute of Military Electronics of the Ministry of Communications (transferred to the establishment of the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense in 1958). (established in 1958), the Missile Test and Training Base (established in 1961), the Military Electronic Science Research Institute of the Communication Military Department (established in 1958 under the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense), and the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense. By 1964, the Five Academies of the Ministry of National Defense had initially established a system of research institutes covering the fields of missiles, rockets, satellites and related systems, with independent research, development and testing capabilities and conditions. The establishment of the Five Academies of the Ministry of National Defense, its construction and its achievements proved that China's aerospace industry had made a successful start and laid a better foundation for accomplishing greater historical tasks.
Two, supporting the development
1, "eight years and four bombs" and missile nuclear weapons
October 16, 1964, the first atomic bomb explosion success, the development of missile nuclear weapons, the solution to the means of delivery has become an urgent task. December 1964, the National People's Congress, the third session of the first The meeting passed a resolution to set up the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry, which unified the organization and management of the research, design, trial production, testing and production of the aerospace industry.
In March 1965, the Ministry's "Development Plan on Ground-to-Earth Missiles" was approved. This was the "eight years and four bombs" development plan, that is, in the eight years from 1965 to 1972, the development of improved medium- and short-range, medium-range, medium- and long-range four types of liquid ballistic missiles. Although this plan was delayed by the interference of the Cultural Revolution, it was basically realized. This has played a positive role in driving and promoting the formation and improvement of China's aerospace science and technology industrial system, and laid a technical and material foundation for the new development of China's aerospace science and technology industry.
On October 27, 1966, China's self-designed and manufactured Dongfeng 2A medium- and short-range missiles carrying their own nuclear warheads hit their targets accurately, and the combination of the two bombs was tested successfully. From then on, China had its own practical missile nuclear weapons, making a great contribution to breaking the hegemonic nuclear monopoly.
2. Aerospace Third Front, New Base and New Venture
In the mid-sixties, according to the instructions of the central government on strengthening the war preparation, strengthening the construction of the third front, and establishing the consolidated strategic backyard, the aerospace system started the large-scale construction of the backyard base. The vast number of aerospace workers came from the first line of big cities to the third line of the deep mountains, under extremely difficult conditions, after 20 years of hard work, rain and shine, built the third line of aerospace bases.
3. Dongfanghong No. 1 Satellite and Long March No. 1 Launch Vehicle
In 1966, the Cultural Revolution began, and the satellite development work was subjected to greater impact. In order to speed up the development of China's first artificial Earth satellite, according to the suggestion of Vice Premier Nie Rongzhen, the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) was set up in February 1968, which guaranteed the normal development of the satellite.
On April 24, 1970, the Long March 1 launch vehicle successfully launched the Dongfanghong 1 satellite from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, and the Central People's Broadcasting Station relayed the music of "Dongfanghong" broadcast from the satellite to the whole world, which brought immense joy to all the ethnic groups of the country. The successful launch of China's first artificial Earth satellite, marking China has mastered the development of multi-stage carrier rockets and artificial satellites, launch and measurement and control technology, which is a major breakthrough in the history of China's space technology development, China began to enter the space age.
4. Summary, a historic leap
After the establishment of the Ministry of Seven Machines, the institutional construction continued to be enriched and the technical system continued to be perfected, and in spite of the interference of the Cultural Revolution, it still independently accomplished in a short time the technological breakthroughs and engineering achievements that it took a very long time for the western powers to obtain, and China made a historic leap in the cause of aerospace. China's space program has made a historic leap forward.
Under the planned economic system and the bipolar world pattern, the aerospace industry, as an important part of the national defense industry, received strong support from the whole country. However, in an environment where the world is in a process of peace and development, the aerospace industry is facing transformation.
Experiencing the wind, rain and snow, through suffering and hardship, our motherland motherland in the long river of years, step by step, difficult to move the feet. Until 1949, she threw off the shackles, straighten the chest, motherland motherland with big steps forward behavior we won today's happy life. Motherland motherland, however, has been sixty years.
We listen to the bells of the times under the starlight, we wait for the dawn of the dawn in the long night, how many times, we are upset, how many times, we tossed and turned, how many times, we are all for this unusual day - the motherland motherland sixty years of birthday!
Looking up at the sky, the stars of history are still shining! Our China is ancient and great, our China is magnificent and eternal! Cai Lun paper writing her wisdom, compass spinning her direction, under the sword she returned to peace again and again, the spirit of hijacking and time and time again, accumulating firewood and self-immolation, regained a new life. For the growth of the motherland, countless people have gone before and after, blood, for the motherland's wealth and strength and how many people burned their lives and youth! Even under the stranglehold of feudalism, even under the fire of imperialism, the Chinese people still used their spine to hold up the ancient Great Wall of China. Fifty years ago, on October 1, our motherland lifted its wings and soared into the sky again, sending out to the world the most robust and magnificent voice: "The Chinese people have stood up since then!" The giant's cry shook the world, making the mountains respond and the sea echo!
Since then, a new generation of the pride of heaven stood up, they warmed the motherland with the fire of their souls once cold body, with the blood of youth ignited the motherland once dark soul, with the exciting song textile the motherland of a colorful.
In history, we are dissolved in it, sharing the excitement and grief of the past; look to the future, we will find that the road in front of us is more distant and more difficult. The new learning life has begun, Experimental High School and ushered in its another batch of proud children, let us in the new century comes to science, rationality, democracy, progress as their great goal, let us with noble character, excellent results dedicated to the motherland. To welcome Macau, the Chinese children of the bravado and the courage of the Dragon's heir melted into their youth, dedication of their wisdom and love, let us under the five-starred red flag solemnly swear: we will strive hard for the beautiful motherland we will do our best, for the motherland's beautiful everlasting life! Flash footprint
60 years, the glorious years between the command, 60 years, the Chinese land has changed dramatically. 2009, our great motherland ushered in her 60th birthday.
In 1949, the Chinese people **** and the country was founded! Suffering from the vicissitudes of war and backwardness, the Chinese people finally stood up again! China, like a giant dragon, stood again in the east of the world as a great nation!
Then China, people's livelihoods are poor, the economy is seriously backward, the country's cause of a hundred waste, the government and the people face a devastated face of China, and did not cower, the courage to go forward, just three years to restore the national economy, emerged a number of songs and tears of the heroic deeds. After three years of economic recovery, the national economy was fundamentally improved, and industrial production had already exceeded the highest level in history, but China was still a backward agricultural country at that time, and the per capita ownership of many industrial products was far lower than that of developed countries. In order to carry out socialist construction in a systematic way, our government began to prepare five-year plans for the development of the national economy. The first five-year plan was implemented from 1953, and it became the starting point of China's industrialization.
When the first five-year plan began, the level of industrialization in China was extremely low. The bicycle used for traveling was called a "foreign horse", the matches used to light a fire were called "foreign fire", and the nails used to nail things were called "foreign nails". At that time, Chinese people had never seen these novelties and could not make them, they were all imported from the West. I have never experienced those hard times, but from the films I have seen, I can fully appreciate that the Chinese people were still living in extreme poverty.
Time flies like water. In 2009, I was in front of the TV, watching the news of the completion of China's third Antarctic research station. Another major achievement, I began to think of, I remembered the motherland successfully held the twenty-ninth Olympic Games, remembered the Bird's Nest, remembered the Olympic athletes posture, I remembered the motherland successive successful launch of Shenzhou V, VI, VII manned spacecraft, remembered the space, remembered that China has become the world's aerospace field of pivotal member, I remembered the reform and opening up of the whole three decades of per capita GDP of China to maintain an average of 10% of the total GDP. I think of the reform and opening up of the entire thirty years of China's per capita gross domestic product to maintain an average annual growth rate of 10%, think of China's national strength, think of China has become the world's comprehensive national strength of the sixth country, think of the founding of the new China's international status of the first half of this year China's international status rapidly and constantly improve, think of the history of the new China, think of the founding of the new China sixty years of the glitter of the footprints!
I am proud of my motherland mother, I am proud to become a son of Chinese mother!
This year, is the motherland's 60th birthday, I sat at the table, I can not help but think.
The motherland ah, after 60 years of wind and rain, you have made what brilliant achievements ah! First of all, the Three Gorges Project will soon be shuttled, followed by the successful launch of the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft, Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft will soon be launched at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. These are all proof of the rapid development of our motherland.
"Welcome to NanNing!" is a phrase that even a fourth-grade elementary school student can say. Since China joined the WTO and the ASEAN Expo was held in Nanning, schools have started to pay more attention to the English level of their students and work hard to improve it. All these are preparing China to communicate better with the world!
Furthermore, the changes caused by the accession to the WTO will have a significant impact on China's economy and society, especially in the field of agriculture, which will face more challenges and opportunities. The Ministry of Science and Technology has been seriously studying how to enhance the overall scientific and technological content of China's agricultural development, enhance international competitiveness, and ultimately make our country from a large agricultural country into an agricultural powerhouse. Last year, the National Agricultural Science and Technology Conference, summarized the 56 years since the founding of New China, China's agricultural science and technology achievements and experience, the deployment of agricultural science and technology at the beginning of the 21st century, put forward the establishment of a new type of agricultural science and technology innovation system of the basic framework and the main measures.
In recent years, China has taken another big step towards a moderately prosperous society. Take Tibet for example, in 2004, the gross domestic product exceeded 20 billion yuan mark, reaching 21.154 billion yuan, four consecutive years, the average economic growth rate of 12.5 percent, per capita GDP reached 7,779 yuan, 33 times that of 1965; the total grain output reached 960,000 tons, 290,000 tons of 1965, three times; disposable income per capita of urban residents reached 8,200 yuan, farmers, herdsmen, and other people. 8,200 yuan, and the per capita income of farmers and herders was 1,861 yuan, with the vast majority of farmers and herders having solved the problem of subsistence. See, even remote areas such as Tibet are greatly improved, not to mention Shenzhen, Shanghai, these big cities?
In recent years, China's scientific and technological innovation capacity has also increased dramatically. since the 1990s, China's investment in science and technology continues to increase, in 2001, the national R & amp; D (research and development) investment of 96 billion yuan, accounting for 1.0% of GDP, while in 1990, these two figures were 12.534 billion yuan and 0.68%; at the same time, through the implementation of At the same time, through the implementation of a series of scientific and technological programs such as the National 973 Program, 863 Program, and major scientific and technological research programs, a large number of innovations have been achieved in many important fields. On the whole, China's scientific and technological strength has ranked at the forefront of developing countries. From this, we can see that our country's scientific and technological development is how rapid ah!
Light is like an arrow, and the sun and moon are like a shuttle. I believe that in the next few decades, China will achieve even greater, remarkable achievements!
Shenzhou VII has returned home, and the three astronauts walked out of the return capsule with smiles on their faces. Shenzhou VII manned space flight was a complete success, realizing the development of China's space technology with a milestone significant leap, is the Chinese people climbed the world's scientific and technological peaks of another great feat, but also to the great motherland's 60th birthday of the precious gift and sincere blessings.
This year is very unusual in the development history of new China. In the face of severe challenges and difficulties, China's economy continues to maintain stable and rapid development, all social undertakings steadily moving forward, the people of all ethnic groups across the country united struggle, tenacious struggle, **** overcome the difficulties, in the reform and opening up and modernization on the road to a new (from the public \Wen: there is a date) strides and new achievements. This year, our country has occurred one after another rain, snow and ice disaster, the Sichuan Wenchuan earthquake and other major natural disasters. Especially after the earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan, the people of the country launched a magnificent, touching struggle, the formation of a united, united, defying the difficulties and dangers, indomitable, people-oriented, respect for science, the great spirit of earthquake relief. This spirit is invaluable, inspiring the people in the disaster area to have confidence and courage to rebuild a better home; inspiring the whole country to work hard to realize the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects.
The success of the Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games has realized the century-old dream of the Chinese nation. Chinese athletes won the first place in the total number of gold medals with outstanding athletic ability and tenacious fighting spirit, creating the best performance in history. The opening and closing performances, event organization, volunteer services, venue facilities and the spirit of the Chinese people have left a deep impression on the world, won high praise from the international community, and reaped a rich material and spiritual wealth. The Beijing Olympic Games have enabled the world to know more about China and China to go further into the world. The success of the Beijing Olympic Games and Paralympic Games, marking the Chinese nation with a new attitude to stand in the east of the world, the Chinese people are full of pride towards a brighter and more brilliant future.
In this unusual year, how much sadness, how much moving, how many dreams, how much glory, remembered in the hearts of the Chinese people, written into the history of **** and the country's scroll. We y feel that, with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary of the Party Central Committee firm and calm, the overall situation, manage all kinds of difficulties and complexities, to overcome all kinds of difficulties and obstacles, is our construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics of the great cause of the strong leadership core. We y feel that reform and opening up is the road to China's modernization. Looking back on 30 years, the Chinese ****-producing party and the Chinese people with the spirit of unrelenting progress and magnificent innovative practice, writing a magnificent epic of the Chinese nation's self-improvement, tenacity and progress, the face of the Chinese people, the face of socialist China, the face of the Chinese ****-producing party has undergone a historic change. Shenzhou seven flight to the sky, the Olympic Games successfully organized, these milestones of brilliant achievements, so that the Chinese people are doubly proud, people from the heart exclaimed: **** the Communist Party is good, socialism is good, reform and opening up is good.
We have made glorious and great achievements, and we will certainly write an even more majestic and magnificent chapter. China is standing at a new starting point of development. For the Chinese nation, seizing and making good use of the important period of strategic opportunity, promoting scientific development and building a harmonious society is in line with the fundamental interests of hundreds of millions of people, and is also a major strategic task in front of us. We should fully implement the spirit of the 17th CPC National Congress, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, y carry out the activity of learning and practicing the scientific concept of development, strive to make new steps in continuing to emancipate the mind, achieve new breakthroughs in adhering to reform and opening up, make new progress in promoting scientific development, and see new results in promoting social harmony, so as to win new victories in building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, create new situations of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and realize the great renaissance of the Chinese nation. We will strive tirelessly to win a new victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, create a new situation of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Cheers for China
Unforgettable! When the Eight-Power Allied Forces and the British and French forces burned the Yuanmingyuan, so that the world's most brilliant garden instantly turned into a pile of ruins. Unforgettable! That a series of unequal treaties led to the iron hooves of the imperial powers trampled on our land, so that China from a great country into a lamb to the slaughter ...... In the face of these disgraces, our great forefathers did not bow down. Do not see, how many Zhishi Renren, how many revolutionary martyrs throw their heads, sprinkle blood, at the expense of their own lives to maintain the dignity of the motherland and long sleep in the ground. The Lugouqiao Incident set the Chinese people on a difficult journey of resistance. However, the martyrs finally with their iron will and unyielding spirit, with fearlessness and strength of mind, defeated the Japanese imperialism, defeated the Kuomintang!
Today, revolutionary martyrs, I applaud you! O China, I applaud you!
Proud! That year, Tiananmen Square echoed the phrase "the Chinese people have stood up" evoked tears of excitement in many people. The Chinese people have stood up since then! New China has stood in the east of the world with a brand new attitude!
Proud! That time, the Olympic organizing committee mouth "" and how many people sleepless nights, for China Beijing won the right to host the 29th Olympic Games and singing and dancing. Chinese people's dream of a hundred years will finally be realized. Pride! Our Olympic athletes in the previous Olympic Games for the motherland to get back how many medals, for China has won countless honors. Proud! Our Chinese scientific and technological talents, for China's scientific experiments, inventions, how many shocked the world's contribution to the "Shen five", "Shen six", "Chang'e one" one after another flying, how many Chinese people's dreams have come true! The first time I saw this was when I was a student at the University of California at Berkeley!
Now, the Chinese people have stood up since then, and the Chinese nation has stood up since then. Our country is making great strides towards a strong country, is being noticed by the world, will be back to stand forever in the forest of the world's strongest countries!
Because of this, the great Chinese people, I applaud you! The great Chinese nation, I applaud you!
On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese nation, let's applaud China together!