The Russo-Japanese War broke out
The Russo-Japanese War (English: Russo-Japanese War; Japanese: Rilu War; Russian: Русско-Японскаявойна), was the Japanese Empire from 1904 to 1905 and the Russian Empire's peace campaign for the Chenchen Peninsula and southwest China.
In July 1900, Russia took advantage of its inclusion in the activities of the Eight-Nation Allied Forces and regiments to send troops to occupy the three provinces in southwestern China. In April 1902, China and Russia signed the Treaty on Transferring and Supporting the Three Eastern Provinces. After Russia withdrew its troops for the first time in October, it was unwilling to continue to implement the treaty, leading to opposition from Japan, Britain, the United States and other powers. On August 12, 1903, Japan formally proposed negotiations to Russia, requesting Russia to recognize Japan's "superior interests" in Korea. Japan only recognized Russia's "special interests in the Manchuria Railway." Numerous negotiations between the two countries have come to an end.
On February 6, 1904, Japan informed Russia of its end of negotiations and rejected diplomatic relations with China. On February 8, the Japanese navy had negotiated a sudden attack on the Russian fleet stationed in the Chinese brigade, and the Russo-Japanese War broke out. On February 12, the Qing government of China announced that Japan and Russia were "both allies."
The Russian army suffered repeated defeats due to supply difficulties and incompetent command. In May, the Japanese army occupied Dalian; in January 1905, they fell into the Lijiang Rebellion; in March, they captured Fengtian (ancient Shenyang); in May, the Japanese navy defeated the Baltic Fleet sent by Russia for reinforcements in the Tsushima Strait. Due to the disastrous defeat in the Battle of Maldives and the outbreak of the international revolution, Russia had no chance of victory. After that, the United States came forward to mediate. On August 10, Japan and Russia formally held peace talks in Portsmouth, United States, and signed the "Portsmouth Peace Treaty" on September 5. After the Russo-Japanese War, Japan entered the ranks of the world's major powers.
The Russo-Japanese war was not only a brutal violation of China’s sacred territorial sovereignty, but also caused unprecedented suffering to the people of southwestern China during the war. The Russo-Japanese War was carried out in the southwestern region of China, but the Qing government actually announced the plan for external separatism. The Japanese and Russian teams announced the separatist project to China in the war zone and the separatist zone, burning, killing, and looting property. He committed many evil deeds, 20,000 Chinese died in the war, and his property gained 69 million taels of silver.
The invading armies of Japan and Russia aroused the resistance of the Chinese people. An anti-Russian "self-protection association" appeared in Harbin. The camp workers refused, and many workers fled and joined the anti-Russian armed forces. In the army, the "Hu Bandits" of the People's Anti-Russian Armed Forces "focused on hindering the Russian army" cut wires and demolished railways, which worried the Japanese and Russian troops. The patriotic militiamen in the Qing Army also actively requested to participate in the Anti-Russian War. Stationed at Shanhaiguan, Jiang Gui, the commander-in-chief of military training in the western Liaoning region, titled "All Forecasts of Fighting Courage" and believed that he was determined to win the war with Japan and Russia.
In the Japan-Russia peace treaty after the end of the war, China, as the biggest beneficiary of the war, was excluded from the peace treaty, and ultimately had no choice but to accept the fact that Japan and Russia re-divided their powers in the Southwest.
A series of failures in the naval battle dealt a heavy blow to the Navy. The Pacific Fleet and the Baltic Fleet among the three main fleets of the Navy were completely destroyed. At the same time, its ability to expand and compete for hegemony at sea was greatly weakened, turning the second-class naval power into a fourth-class naval nation.
The defeat of the peace weakened the tsarist democratic system, and workers and peasants activities flourished. The tsar originally hoped to divert the attention of the people and ease the international crisis through a small victory, but the war led to the "1905" revolution, which kicked off the victory of the October 1917 Revolution. Although the 1905 revolution failed, its significance cannot be underestimated. The tsarist government carried out some changes in the face of pressure and expanded the overall political power of the people. This revolution greatly promoted the development of workers' and peasants' movements.
Japan
Japan directly benefited from the large colonial areas through the Russo-Japanese War, which directly improved its domestic status. Through this, the post-war Japanese chaebols The war brought huge fortunes and set off a boom in corporate investment. From the second half of 1905 to 1907 alone, the amount of investment in new and expanded companies was equivalent to twice the total investment in the ten years after the First Sino-Japanese War.
At the same time, Japan has since carried out its second industrial revolution in an all-round way, its capitalist economy has developed rapidly, and it has truly become a first-class power.
After the Russo-Japanese War, Japan’s main industrial sectors transformed from light industries such as textiles, flour, and papermaking to heavy industries such as electronics, coal, and chemicals, and then to World War I Yesterday, Japan was able to achieve self-sufficiency in locomotives, railway tracks, ships, etc. Through the economic crisis after the Russo-Japanese War, Japan's monopoly of capital centered on chaebols quickly formed. Japanese capitalism transitioned to the stage of monopolistic capitalism.
Japan obtained large tracts of colonial land and investment sites through peace, which promoted the more rapid development of Japan's economy, and its domestic status also improved significantly. From 1905 to early 1906, Japan's The embassy in China was upgraded from an embassy symbolizing a "second-class country" to an embassy symbolizing a "first-class country".
At the same time, Japan's victory broke the fallacy that "black people are born superior" and proved that Asians have the power to resist European encouragement. After the Russo-Japanese War, Asian people The ethnic liberation movement has entered a new stage. There has been great development in quality and quantity.
At the same time, the Japanese ruling class spread the "theory of Japanese national superiority" and discriminated against other Asian countries and people, believing that they should become the leader in conquering other nations and Asia. It also spreads the so-called "medium pressure theory", that is, domestically, the Japanese nation has been suppressed by China, and its interests have been harmed, which has deepened the people's awareness of exclusion and hostility towards China, and provided a "war of aggression" against foreign countries. For "legal" reasons, people are forced to maintain peace and serve as cannon fodder.
The Russo-Japanese War and Japan's victory pushed militarism to a new high tide. The emperor's prestige reached an equal peak through peace and victory. After the war, the military's power further expanded and its control over politics further strengthened, providing conditions for launching a larger-scale war of aggression.
War History
The outcome of the Russo-Japanese War formally demonstrated several characteristics of politics and war in the 20th century. Many technological innovations brought about by the industrial revolution were used for the first time. During the Russo-Japanese War, rapid-fire artillery, machine guns, and carbines with higher shooting accuracy were all used on a large scale for the first time in the Russo-Japanese War. The Russo-Japanese War was also the first large-scale conflict between the armed forces of two modern countries in East Asia in more than 30 years. It has therefore been called "World War I" by some.