1. Where are the ancient Mayan city ruins located? 2. What are the Mayan ruins like? 3. In which country are the ancient Mayan culture and ruins located now? Guiqiu 4. Where is the largest and oldest Mayan ruins in the world? When was it discovered? 5. In which country are the world-famous "Mayan ruins" located? Where are the ancient Mayan city ruins located?
The ancient Mayan city ruins are located in southern Yucatán, Mexico. It is 3 kilometers long from north to south and 2 kilometers wide from east to west. It has hundreds of buildings and is the site of ancient Mayan culture and Toltec culture. "Qiqin" means "well mouth", and natural wells are the foundation for building the city. An existing road divides it into two halves. Old Chichen Itza on the south side was built between the seventh and tenth centuries AD and has Mayan cultural characteristics. It has pyramid temples, pillar halls, ball fields, markets and astronomical observatories, mainly decorated with stone carvings; New Chichen Itza on the north side is Gray buildings with Toltec cultural characteristics, such as the Pyramid of Kukulkan and the Temple of the Warriors, are mainly decorated with simple lines and plaster carvings of Quetzalcoatl.
Palenque is a site that reflects Mayan architectural art. It is located on a slope among the high mountains in Chiapas, Mexico, reflecting the fact that the Mayans often chose the Canglin Mountains when they built cities and settled there. The city's history dates back to 642 AD, as evidenced by dated Mayan tablets found here.
The most eye-catching architectural complex in Palenque is the "Inscription Temple" built on the pyramid. The pyramid is square, with up to ten levels, and gradually shrinks upwards. The lowest level has nine steps, and the rest has seven steps, up to seventy-two steps. The "Temple of Inscriptions" is built on the top platform of the pyramid. It has a flat roof, five doors, murals and reliefs in the corridors, and carved inscriptions on all four walls of the temple. Unfortunately, these Mayan hieroglyphs have not yet been deciphered, and no one knows the true meaning of these inscriptions. The buildings here are almost all flat-roofed or have platforms. The steps of the pyramid symbolize the stairs to the universe, a typical feature of Mayan architecture.
Although the pyramids in Mexico and Egypt are similar in shape, they are different. Most of the pyramids in Mexico that have been discovered are altars for ancient Indian tribes to worship gods, rather than tombs. However, the pyramids of Palenque are an exception. It is the tomb of Bacal, the ruler of Palenque in the seventh century BC. It is said that the construction of this pyramid began soon after Bakar was born. It lasted for decades and was built entirely with huge stones. It was not completed until Bakar's death at the age of 76. So people are quite interested in it. To enter this tomb, you must climb the steps up the pyramid, enter the Temple of Inscriptions, and then go down the spiral stone steps to the tomb. According to the analysis of archaeologists, this tomb may have a main entrance, but because the pyramid is made of huge stones, the search was abandoned because the pyramid was not damaged during the excavation. The flat roof of the tomb is made of false arches and is entirely made of stone strips. It is seven meters high, nine meters long and four meters wide at its widest point. There is a niche carved in the middle of the back wall of the tomb, with a relief warrior statue inside. There are three relief warrior statues on each of the left and right walls. There is a stone coffin in the center of the front end of the tomb, about 1.1 meters high, 2.8 meters long, and 2.8 meters wide. meters, there are relief patterns on all sides of the inner wall of the coffin. The coffin lid is 27 centimeters thick and weighs 5 tons. The coffin lid and its surroundings are also covered with carved patterns. A stone cave is dug downward in the center of the sarcophagus. Its front end is oval and the inside of the cave is painted red. Bakar is lying on his back in a stone cave, wearing a green jade mask on his head, and jade necklaces, beads, rings and balls on his neck, chest, hands, wrists and feet. In front of the left foot side, there is a green jade sun god idol and so on.
There is a palace on the right front of the pyramid. In the middle of the palace is a large courtyard, which seemed to be a place where the royal family watched competitions or performances. There are various paintings and reliefs on the corridor walls. After more than 1,000 years, their colors have faded but are still identifiable, with green being particularly clear. There is a steam bath in the northeast corner of the back corridor. A huge stone is first burned with fire, and then the water is poured into it. The steam was poured on the stone for royal bathing. In front of the palace, there is a square tower with five floors. There are palace-like buildings on all sides of the palace and towers. In front of the pyramid is a huge square, which is an important activity center of the city-state.
Chichén Itzá was a Maya temple during the ancient Greek and Roman periods. Its heyday was around 500 to 700 AD and had a major impact on the entire Usombra River Basin. The elegant architecture, technical prowess, and lightweight relief sculptures illustrate the mythology of the Mayans and prove that they were the genius creators of this civilization.
What are the Mayan ruins like?
Mayan Ruins: The ruins of the ancient Mayan city of Copán are located about 225 kilometers north of Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras, close to the Guatemalan border. The site is located in a 13-kilometer-long and 2.5-kilometer-wide canyon area, 600 meters above sea level, and covers an area of ??approximately 15 hectares. It is surrounded by mountains and rivers, with fertile land and dense forests. Copan is the oldest and largest ancient city ruins in the Mayan civilization. There are pyramids, squares, temples, sculptures, stone tablets and hieroglyphic stone steps in the square. It is a very important archaeological area. It has attracted many foreign scholars to conduct archaeological research here, and is also one of the important tourist spots in Honduras. Michelle_6_1 The Hedges Crystal Skull is undoubtedly the most famous crystal skull, but other crystal skulls have also been discovered (or disclosed, depending on whether you believe the legends). Most of them are not like Michelle_6_1 The Hedges Crystal Skull is so legendary, but each one has its own uniqueness. The Tikal Mayan ruins are the largest abandoned city in the Mayan civilization and the most famous in Mexico. The Mayan ruins are all in southern Mexico, they are: Baroncay, Asilan, Tulum, Chichén Itza. Among them, the most fascinating ones are Baroncay and Tulum Crystal Skull: The Crystal Skull in the British Museum. It was discovered around the same time as the Michael Hedges Crystal Skull, in 1936, when G.M. Morant compared it to the Michel Hedges Crystal Skull (owned by Heaney Burney at the time). Although similar in size to a human skull, the crystal skull in the British Museum is not as realistic in detail. Its two eye sockets are round and not separated. Morant believes that the crystal skull is not a single one. The skull was made independently, but he could not provide any evidence. In 1898, the British Museum purchased the skull from the Tiffany Company. It was said to have been discovered in Mexico by French art dealer Eugene_6_1. Ben bought the skull and sold it to the Tiffany family. In 1990, it was included in an exhibition called "Fake? The Art of Deception." There is a smaller, rougher crystal skull - the Aztec Crystal Skull, which is housed in the Museum of Mankind in Paris. It has a much rougher craftsmanship on the top of the Crystal Skull. A hole is said to be able to insert a cross. The Paris crystal skull weighs about 2.7 kilograms, is 11 centimeters high and 15 centimeters long. It is only half the size of the Michel 6_1 Hedges crystal skull and the crystal skull in the British Museum. This skull also belongs to the Aztec civilization. In 1878, Alphonse Pinart purchased this skull from Eugene_6_1 Boban and donated it to the museum. In 1992, the museum also has a crystal skull that is about 3.8 cm long. The Smithsonian National Museum of History in the United States received a package containing a crystal skull. The skull weighs about 13 kilograms, is about 23 centimeters high and 20 centimeters long, and is larger than a normal human skull, an anonymous record shows. , this skull is an "Aztec Crystal Skull" and was "purchased in Mexico City in the 1960s." It is made of opalescent crystal and is more crudely carved than other crystal skulls: Mayan Altar. Indians throughout the New World have a history of human sacrifice rituals. Sacrificial activities were far more important to the ancient Mayans than breathing air. The complicated rituals, complicated sacrifices, and grand scenes were incompatible with their poverty. The materials formed an incredible contrast. They believed that the sun was going to destruction and that it was necessary to make some self-sacrifice to preserve the sun's radiance and prevent its destruction. This realization led them to feed the sun with human hearts and blood. The Mayans were proud to be used as sacrifices. The hearts of slave owners and slaves were dug out and offered to the sun, so more and more people died for this. It is said that in the 16th century the Spaniards discovered 13,600 skulls on sacrificial skull racks! At that time, in order to celebrate the completion of the Great Pyramid of Terotilan, slave owners actually killed 360,000 people during four days of sacrifice! There are many ways of human sacrifice, the most common is cutting open the chest and removing the heart. As a sacrifice, the person was first painted blue and wore a pointed headdress on his head, and then died in the square in front of the temple or on the top of the pyramid.
He was laid down on his back, with the raised altar table pressed under his body. This made his chest and abdomen bulge while his head and limbs drooped to facilitate the "surgery" of opening the chest. The four priests grabbed each of his limbs and pulled him as straight as possible. The "executioner" is the protagonist of the ritual. He accurately cuts the victim's left chest and ribs, reaches in through the wound, takes out the beating heart, puts it on a plate, and hands it to the high priest who presides over the ceremony. The latter used a skillful technique to smear the blood from his heart on the idol of the god. If the sacrifice is performed at the top of the pyramid, the corpse of the sacrifice will be kicked down and roll down the steps to the foot of the pyramid. The lower-ranking priests peeled off the skin of the body, except for the hands and feet. The high priest who presided over the sacrifice solemnly took off his robe, got into the bloody human skin, and danced with the onlookers in a serious manner. If the slain priest happened to be a brave warrior during his lifetime, then his body would be cut into pieces and distributed to the nobles and the masses, and the hands and feet would be enjoyed by the priests. If the sacrificial victim was a prisoner, several of his bones would be left by the person who captured him to commemorate his military exploits. Women and children were often sacrificed. This fatal method is not the most popular. A common practice is to donate blood. They use stone knives or sharp objects such as animal bones, shells, thorns, etc. to bleed themselves. The cuts were all over the body, varying from person to person, sometimes on the forehead, nose, lips, ears, sometimes on the neck, chest, arms, thighs, calves, up to the insteps, and even the genitals were cut to draw blood. The extremely intricately carved frieze at the Akzilan site shows a woman pulling on a barbed rope pierced through her tongue, blood dripping onto bark paper on a plate beside her. This blood-stained tree The vellum was to be consecrated to the gods; a vase now preserved in the University of Pennsylvania Museum shows a row of squatting men, each armed with an elite weapon, impaling their penises. In addition to blood sacrifices, the Mayans also used other ways to express their thirst for blood. For example: the brutal massacre of prisoners of war. The Bonampak mural faithfully records this bloody scene. The murals were all painted in a relatively simple three-hall temple. The murals in the three halls echo each other: the left hall shows preparations for the grand ceremony, with a mood of relaxation and expectation; the middle hall is a fierce scene of conquering enemies and slaughtering prisoners of war. , emphasizing the life theme of great changes in life and death, joys and sorrows; the right hall shows the completion of the celebration, and it is solemn and solemn in a warm and joyful atmosphere. This temple is also named "Painting Temple". Among them, the depictions of the murals in the middle hall are particularly shocking. The bottom row of the picture is filled with natives holding spears, various ethnic emblems, totems, etc. who came to watch and celebrate this bloody trial. The middle row is those prisoners who are dying and awaiting execution. On the top step of the mural, the king is graceful and domineering. He holds a spear in his right hand, wears a feather crown on his head, and wears tiger skin armor. He is extremely majestic. Opposite him, four nobles stand in a row on the left, wearing tribal totems on their heads. They wear various grotesque beast helmets, tiger skin robes and clothes embroidered with hieroglyphs, as well as jade pendants, jade ornaments and feather crafts hanging all over their bodies. At the foot of the steps, the prisoners awaiting execution were naked, kneeling in front of the king, crying and begging for mercy. There was a severed head at their feet, and another prisoner was limp and passed out on the steps. The painful despair of the death row prisoner is in sharp contrast with the arrogance of the prince. The shape is precise, vivid and touching, showing the profound skill of Mayan realistic art.
In which country are the ancient Mayan culture and ruins located now? Kneeling
The Mayan culture was born in the 2nd century BC. It entered the so-called ancient Mayan era around 250 BC. Its center extended from the Guatemala Plateau, Mexico City, El Salvador, Honduras to Mexico. The vast plains of the Catan Peninsula
Important sites of the Maya culture include the city of Teotihua in the central plateau of Mexico, the city of Coban in the Usu Ucinta River Basin at the southern end of the Yucatan Peninsula, and the Yucatan Peninsula. The city of Uxmal in the north. They belong to the classical, early and late slave city-state sites respectively.
The most famous Mayan ruins in Mexico are all in southern Mexico. They are: Palenque, Yaxchilan, Tulum, and Chichen Itza. Among them, the most The most popular ones are Balencai and Tulum.
Where is the largest and oldest Mayan ruins in the world? When was it discovered?
On the American continent, there were once three civilizations that were independent of the whole world and created their own culture. After the arrival of Western colonists, they were gradually exterminated, leaving only some mysterious legends for future generations to imagine. These three civilizations are the Inca civilization, the Aztec civilization, and the Mayan civilization that we are most familiar with today.
The Mayan civilization is inherently mysterious, and the so-called Mayan prophecies have made people all over the world full of curiosity. Even if some people refute the Mayan prophecies, the Mayans’ unique way of life and distinctive civilization are still worthy of our yearning and study. Recently, the largest and oldest Mayan ruins to date have been rediscovered, giving us a new understanding of this mysterious people.
This site is located in Aguada Fénix (Aguada Fénix), located in Tabasco state in the southern Gulf of Mexico. According to reports, this site is a Mayan sacrificial site. It is very old. , so that archaeologists have to re-examine the history of the Mayan civilization and gain a new understanding of the development of their construction technology
Before the Aguada Phoenix site, it was thought that the Mayan civilization was. The oldest cult site is the Ceibal ruins, dated to about 950 BC
(Image description: Ceibal ruins
The construction time of the Aguada Phoenix ruins and the Ceibal ruins. Approximately, archaeologists' identification results show that it was built between 1000 BC and 800 BC, when our country was still in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. However, its huge size and scope make it stand out among all Mayan ruins. According to measurements, its maximum length reaches 1,400 meters (approximately 4,600 feet), which is almost as far as three bus stops. In comparison, the north-south length of the Forbidden City in Beijing is only 961 meters.
< p>A research team led by archaeologist Takeshi Inomata at the University of Arizona recently published this latest research result in the journal Nature. They stated in the paper: "As far as we know, this is the first discovery in the Maya region. The oldest monumental building and the largest building in pre-Hispanic history in this area.”(Picture description: Researchers used lidar to create a 3D image of the Aguada Phoenix ruins
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What is even more surprising is that this site is not buried deep underground or hidden in dense jungle, but has been located close to human sight for centuries. , amazing architectural ruins that never seem to be able to hide themselves, but are mysteriously never noticed by Mexicans
Inomata pointed out: "This area has developed, it is not a jungle, people are already here. But this site has never been discovered because it is too large and very flat, and it is generally believed that it is just a natural landscape. "In this way, we should be lucky that the locals did not treat it as a natural environment. And destroy it, otherwise we may never know it exists
Even though the Aguada Phoenix site is so low-key that it can hide from human eyes, it is still exposed to the keen perspective of human equipment. Nothing. When the lidar surveyed from high altitude, they discovered a platform that was 1,413 meters long from north to south and 399 meters wide from east to west, which was 15 meters higher than the surrounding area. This immediately attracted the attention of archaeologists and they immediately conducted in-depth research. The investigation finally restored the identity of this site and attracted the attention of the world.
The researchers pointed out in the paper: "This man-made platform is a horizontal monument, which is different from the vertical structure of the pyramid. In striking contrast, the layout of the Aguada Fenix ??site reveals itself as a classic example of the Usumacinta pattern of the Middle Preclassic period, characterized by rows of low mounds forming a rectangular shape. ”
This platform extends out of 9 spacious causeways. These causeways are also surrounded by various small buildings, including the Usumacin Tower-type building complex and artificial reservoirs from the Mayan prosperity period. .
(Picture description: Aerial view of the Aguada Phoenix ruins
According to reports, the Aguada Phoenix ruins and the Olmec ruins in San Lorenzo and La Venta The sites have certain similarities, but archaeologists did not find humanoid sculptures here. Although there is a lack of archaeological data, the research team still found some information. "Unlike the Olmec civilization center, Aguada Phoenix shows no obvious signs of social inequality, such as the possession of statues belonging to certain persons of high status."
We know that the Olmec civilization has always been called. The mother of Indian civilization, many archaeologists have always believed that the Mayan civilization was deeply influenced by the Olmec civilization, and may even have emerged from it. The discovery of the differences between the two may allow us to re-understand the differences between the two. Relationship. In fact, the Ceibal site we just mentioned has also hinted at similar information. At present, some people believe that the Mayan civilization is definitely not only a descendant of the Olmec civilization, nor did it develop independently, but it is very important. It may be a mixture of many civilizations.
Interestingly, the Aguada Phoenix site is not completely devoid of sculptures. Archaeologists have actually discovered one. However, this stone sculpture depicts one. Not a person, but an animal.
In fact, in the early stages of development, any civilization will experience a history of worshiping animals. How a civilization understands and worships animals may also imply them. What kind of culture and history have they experienced?
For us, there are still many unsolved mysteries about the Mayan civilization. Where did they come from? How did the crystal skulls disappear? What secrets are hidden? What is their living standard?
Perhaps, the answers to some of these questions are hidden in the Aguada Phoenix site. In-depth archaeological research is still ongoing, and I believe there will be more news about the Mayans in the future.
In which country are the world-famous "Mayan ruins" located?
The Mayan city-state ruins are located in which country? Located in the central part of the Yucatan Peninsula, it is the largest and most prosperous city-state in the ancient Mayan Empire. It was founded in 514 AD. The Chichen Itza Mayan city-state ruins were once the largest and most prosperous city-state in the ancient Mayan empire. The Mayan ruins are part of the Mayan civilization. One of the most important areas, with its grand architecture and rich hieroglyphics, it is one of the few examples of a civilization that originated in the tropical jungle. These buildings indicate that the Maya of Copán had a highly developed economy and culture.
Important sites of the Mayan culture include the city of Teotihua in the central plateau of Mexico, the city of Cobán in the Usuzinta River Basin at the southern end of the Yucatan Peninsula, and the city of Uxmal in the northern part of the Yucatan Peninsula. The ruins of slave city-states belonging to the Classical, Early and Late Periods
The most famous Mayan ruins in Mexico are all in southern Mexico. They are: Palenque, Yaxchilan, and Tulum. Tulum, Chichen Itza. Among them, the most popular ones are Balencai and Tulum.