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The story of "Chu Ge on All Sides": Xiang Yu and Liu Bang originally agreed to use the east and west sides of the Honggou (Jialu River in present-day Rongxian County, Henan Province) as the boundary, and to refrain from invading each other. Later, Liu Bang listened to the advice of Zhang Liang and Chen Ping, and felt that he should take advantage of Xiang Yu's weakening to destroy him, so he and Han Xin, Peng Yue and Liu Jia joined forces again to pursue Xiang Yu's troops who were driving eastward to Pengcheng (i.e., present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province). Finally, they arranged several layers of troops and surrounded Xiang Yu tightly in Gaixia (in the southeast of Lingbi County, Anhui Province). By this time, Xiang Yu had very few soldiers under his command and ran out of food. At night, he heard the troops surrounding him singing the folk songs of Chu, and he was very surprised and said, "Has Liu Bang got the land of Chu? Why are there so many Chu people in his army?" He was so surprised that he said, "Why are there so many Chu people in his army?" With that, he lost his fighting spirit, so he got up from his bed, drank wine in his tent, and sang songs with his favorite concubine, Yu Ji. After singing, he dropped his tears, and those who were beside him were also very sad, they all felt that they could not lift up their heads. After a while, Xiang Yu mounted his horse and fled from the south with only 800 cavalrymen. Fighting as he fled, he went to the bank of the Wu River and killed himself.
Because Xiang Yu was surprised when he heard the Chu song being sung around him, and then committed suicide in defeat, people later used the phrase "Chu song on all sides" to describe a situation where people were attacked or pressed from all sides, resulting in isolation and embarrassment.
Chinese idiom story: Breaking the kettle and sinking the boat
Toward the end of the Qin Dynasty, people from all over the world revolted against the tyrannical rule of the Qin Dynasty. The most famous leaders of the peasant uprising were Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, followed by Xiang Yu and Liu Bang. Here is a story about Xiang Yu's breakthrough.
One year, 300,000 men from the state of Qin surrounded Julu (present-day Pingxiang County, Hebei Province) in the state of Zhao (that's not the same state of Zhao), and the king of Zhao asked King Huai of Chu (that's not the same king of Chu) for help overnight. King Huai of Chu sent Song Yi as the first general and Xiang Yu as the second general to lead 200,000 men to rescue Zhao. When Song Yi heard that the Qin army was powerful, he stopped halfway and stopped advancing. There was no food in the army, and the soldiers cooked vegetables and beans as food, but he didn't care about it, he just held a banquet and ate and drank a lot of food. Xiang Yu's lungs exploded with anger. He killed Song Yi and became the "fake general" himself, leading his troops to rescue Zhao.
It was the first time that Xiang Yu sent a force to cut off the Qin army's road to transport food; he personally led the main force to cross the Zhanghe River to rescue Julu.
After all the Chu troops crossed the Zhang River, Xiang Yu let his soldiers have a full meal, and each of them took three days of dry food with them, and then he passed down the order: to sink the boat that was used to cross the river by cutting through it, to smash the pots that were used for cooking to smithereens, and to set fire to the nearby houses and burn them all down. This is called breaking the kettle and sinking the boat. Xiang Yu used this method to show his determination to win the battle.
When the Chu soldiers saw that their commander was so determined, none of them intended to go back alive. Under Xiang Yu's personal command, they took one for ten, ten for a hundred, and desperately rushed towards the Qin army, and after nine consecutive charges, they defeated the Qin army greatly. Several generals of the Qin army were killed, some were taken prisoners, and some surrendered. This battle not only relieved the siege of Julu, but also beat the Qin army to the point that it could not be revitalized any more, and after two years, the Qin Dynasty fell.
After this battle, Xiang Yu became a real general, and many other armies came under his command, and his fame spread all over the world
The winds were blowing: In 383 A.D., Fu Jian, the former Qin emperor, organized an army of 900,000 men, and went south to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The Eastern Jin dynasty sent Xie Shi as the general and Xie Xuan as the vanguard, leading 80,000 elite troops to meet the battle. Fu Jian believed that he had a large army and was sure enough to defeat the Jin army. He assembled his troops at the edge of the Interstate River east of Shouyang (present-day Shouxian County, Anhui Province) and waited for the following armies to arrive before launching an attack on the Jin army. In order to win the battle with fewer troops, Xie Xuan sent a messenger to the Qin camp to advise the Qin vanguard: "Your army has set up camp by the Interfluo River, which is obviously for a long-lasting battle, not a quick battle. Wouldn't it be better if your army were to fall back a little and allow our army to cross the Interlake for a decisive battle?" During the internal discussion of the Qin army, all the generals were of the opinion that the Jin army could not cross the river by holding on to the Interfluve. When the subsequent army arrives, the Jin army can be completely crushed. Therefore, the Jin army's proposal could not be accepted. However, Fu Jian, eager to win, disagreed with the generals' opinion and said, "Our army only needs to retreat a little, and when half of the Jin army crosses the river and half of them are still crossing the river, we will charge up with our elite cavalry, and our army will surely be able to win a great victory!" So the Qin army decided to retreat. Fu Jian did not expect that the Qin army was improvised and commanded in an inconsistent manner. Upon receiving the order to retreat, Fu Jian thought that the front had lost the battle and fled backward in panic. Xie Xuan saw the enemy impregnated retreat, commanding his men to quickly cross the river to kill the enemy. On the way back, the Qin army threw away their weapons and armor, and became so confused that they trampled on each other and killed countless people. Those soldiers who managed to escape the pursuit of Jin army heard the sound of whistling winds and cranes on the way, they all thought that the Jin army was chasing them again, so they ran desperately regardless of the day and night. In this way, the Jin army achieved a major victory in the "Battle of Interfax".
One Drum: During the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Qi sent troops to attack the state of Lu (both states are in present-day Shandong Province). At that time, Qi was strong and Lu was weak, and there was a huge difference in strength between the two sides. However, it turned out that Lu won the battle with the weak and defeated the Qi army. According to "Zuo Zhuan", the victory of Lu, and Cao Yu's shrewd planning has a lot to do. Cao Jun is neither a military general, nor a civil servant, but proficient in the art of war. He learned that Qi sent troops to violate, Lu Zhuang Gong ready to resist, they took the initiative to ask to meet with Zhuang Gong. His friends and neighbors advised him: "national events, there are those who eat meat every day in charge of the big officials, why do you need to worry about?" Cao Jun said: "Those officials are short-sighted, there will be no deep foresight." Cao Jun met with Duke Zhuang, first put forward: take the people's trust, is an important political preparation before the war, but also a guarantee of victory. And asked for permission to go with him during the battle, so Duke Zhuang called him to set off in the same car. At the place of the long spoon, the two armies of Qi and Lu met. Both sides were in formation, and the battle was about to begin. The Qi army beat their drums and prepared to advance. Zhuang Gong is also ready to beat the drums to meet the attack. Cao Jun stopped: "Wait a minute." Qi army saw the Lu army did not respond, and beat a drum. Thus, the Qi army beat the drum three times, the Lu army always stayed put. Until the Qi army three drums, Cao Yu said: "Now you can enter the army!" Lu army drums sounded, ordered to kill, the soldiers shouted, pounced on the enemy, fierce. Qi army defeated, fled in distress. Zhuang just wanted to order the pursuit, Cao Yu but also to stop, and get off to look at the ground Qi soldiers car wheels, and climbed on the car in front of the logs, pay attention to look out for the enemy retreated situation, and then said: "Now you can pursue!" Duke Zhuang immediately ordered the pursuit. The Lu army took advantage of the victory to advance, and drove all the Qi army out of the country. This victory, Lu Zhuang Gong is not clear by Cao Jun why this command. Cao Jun said: "War, courage. A drum, and then decline, three and exhaustion. He exhausted my full, so the (fighting, mainly by courage. The first drum, the soldiers have the most courage, to then beat the drum, the courage of some decline; to the third drum, the courage is more all gone. The enemy's courage disappeared, we are a drum, fighting spirit, so beat them)." Cao Yu also said: "Qi military power can not be underestimated, may set up ambushes, fraudulent defeat to lure us. I 'see its rut chaotic, looking at its flag,' which is to rest assured that the pursuit". ("Rutted", the wheel tracks are in a mess; "Flagged", the flag is upside down, suggesting a hasty escape.)
"A drum", "and then three exhaustion" and "rut chaotic flag," the source of the "Zuo Zhuan" contained in the "Cao Yu war" story. "The story.