Modern reading has always been a difficult problem for students and a bottleneck that restricts them from getting high scores, and it is also a big problem that many teachers find tricky. Most people believe that it is a matter of knowledge accumulation and cultural accumulation. I do not deny this statement, but we have found an interesting phenomenon through the study of hundreds of modern reading questions across the country in recent years, that is, the modern reading of only four aspects of the content of the test: that is, the level of reading, semantic reading, structural reading, reading techniques.
So, I put forward the concept of "modern text stem reading method".
What is the "stem reading method"? The so-called "stem reading method" is the method of finding or determining the answer to a question by studying the question (stem) of the article, which is called the "stem reading method". That is to say, before reading the article, read and study the test questions, so as to determine the answer to the idea, and then based on the object of the test questions, to find the answer to the area, and then targeted to read, to answer the question.
The 06 National College Entrance Examination paper "Mianmian soil" as an example, introduces the "modern reading method" of the "level reading method".
I. Level reading method
(a) the method and steps of level reading
Level reading is divided into the level of the narrative object or the level of the discussion and lyricism.
The first step: to find the angle of answer according to the question stem
The second step: to find the object of answer according to the question stem
The third step: to find the area of answer according to the object
(2) Language markers of hierarchical reading
"which," "how", "why", "why", "itemize", "specify", etc.
(III) Example Questions
Example Question 1 Read the following text and complete questions 1-3.
Mianmian earth Niu Han
1 It was a gray twilight with no sunset or sunset in sight. The sky and the earth were so pure gray that there was no other color.
2 Stepping onto the Taklamakan Desert, I was in a trance, returning to a dream I had lost for years. For decades, I never forget that I was born on sand. People quasi-believe it, but it is true. My first poem was dedicated to the desert I never saw.
3 When I was young, there were a few years when I was in the deep Longshan mountain ravine dreaming of the distant and sweet desert, don't think that the desert is pale and dry, young dreams are sweet. Because of my family's history and my hometown go west of the people have endless stories, my mind from childhood as if there is a blood relationship to the desert, I think the desert is the world's saddest and most untamable wild place. It is so empty that it has no boundaries, and I yearn for this strange realm.
4At this moment, I really stepped on the desert, boundless desert, as if the sky is also sand, my whole body and mind stirred with the ecstasy of almost reunion. Without imitating anyone, I couldn't help but throw myself on all five bodies and crouch down on the hot desert. My sweaty forehead and palms were coated with a fine layer of glittering sand.
5 Half a century ago, in my bitterly cold hometown on the upper reaches of the Hutuo River, children were born on kangs covered with thick, sheer earth. We call the extremely fine and soft sandy soil Mianmian soil. "Mianmian" is the most gentle word in my life, but I can't find it in the thesaurus, and even if I could, it's not what I mean. How the custom that a child must be born on Mianmian soil came about has never been explained or even thought about by generations of ancestors. It is a sacred realm that no one dares to desecrate. It is a living myth that cannot be explained. My ancestors may have wondered: where else could a man, if not born in the earth and sand, be born? It is as unquestionable as that grain grows from the earth.
6Thus, the moment I landed on earth from my mother's body, the first thing I came into contact with was the sandy soil, which was baked warm on a hot bed. My moist little body shone with a crystalline light from being covered with the golden sandy soil, like ripe ears of grain. The large, deft hands of Aunt Xianyuan, who delivered me, stroked me clean with the sheer earth and brought me up to her nose to sniff and sniff, "Only the earth can wash away the blood," she used to say.
7Our old people there say that the earth is cold, and of course the newborn baby will cry, but once it touches the warm, gentle soil similar to that in the mother's body, it is as if life has returned to the mother's body and is sleeping peacefully. I believe that there is no mystery in these poetically beautiful words of the old people.
8When I was five or six years old, I spent my days in the earth and sand. One day my grandmother called me to her side and whispered, "You have two days to sweep back a jar of sheer earth!" "What for?" I really didn't understand.
9 "It's not your place to ask." Grandmother's eyes and voice were unusually solemn, like that pious look when welcoming the gods on New Year's Eve, "But you can't sweep the coarse and dirty ones," she urged me to make sure I swept the mianmian soil gathered on the window pane, "That's the pure soil that comes down from heaven, not from elsewhere."
10I knew, of course, that even the sparrows knew how to clean their feathers with the mastic on the window pane.
11 Two or three days later my mother gave birth to my fourth brother. I saw his naked body, red and moist, scrubbed so red by the muck. His name was "Red Han".
12The Mianmian earth is the pure earth that comes down from the sky. It came down to my hometown from a faraway place. Now I have finally found the birthplace of Mianmian soil.
13I was lying on the thick and soft sand of the Taklamakan Desert for a long time, with mixed feelings, dreaming of my hometown and the Mianmian soil on which I was born, which was as warm as my mother's.
14The Mianmian soil was the birthplace of my hometown, and the Mianmian soil was the birthplace of my mother.
14I believe that there is still mian soil in my hometown, but most of my children will not be born on mian soil anymore. I wish them well. I wrote this half a century ago, and it is a distant dream. But I, a man of earthy nature, cannot forget my longing for my hometown, Mianmian soil. Forgive me for being a foolish wanderer!
October 1988
1. What are the characteristics of "Mianmian soil" described in this article?
Specific analysis:
First step: according to the question stem to find the angle of answer - marking language "which" - to determine the question for the "level" of reading
Step two: according to the question stem to find the answer to the object - "Mianmian soil"
Step three: according to the object to find the answer to the region --Paragraphs related to "Mianmian soil"--Paragraphs 5-11
Answer Analysis: Paragraphs 5-12***Four levels: (1) Paragraph 5. "extremely fine and soft sandy soil". (2) Paragraph 6, "golden," "glistening with crystal light." (3) Paragraph 7, "a warmth similar to that in the Matrix." (4) Paragraphs 8-12, "a pure land descending from the sky."
Answer: fine, soft, warm, and golden (shining), a pure earth (pure or holy) descending from heaven.
2. In the light of the whole text, why did the author's "whole body and mind stir with the ecstasy of a near-reunion" as soon as he set foot in the Great Desert?
Specific analysis:
The first step: according to the question stem to find the angle of the answer - marking language "why" - to determine the question for the level of reading
Second step: according to the question stem to find the object of the answer - the author of the "Great Desert" of the "reunion of the ecstasy"
Third step: according to the object of the answer to find Answer the question of the region - the whole text with the description of "the author and the great desert emotions" related to the paragraphs - paragraph 2, 3, 4
Answer analysis: (1) the second paragraph author was born on sandy soil. (2) In the third paragraph, the author had a "desert dream" when he was young, and was related to the desert and longed for it. (3) In the fourth paragraph, the author set foot in the desert and now his dream has come true.
Answers: (1) The author was born on sandy soil, and he thought that the great desert was the birthplace of sheer earth.
(2) The author had a "desert dream" when he was young, and the Great Desert reproduced the "dream" he had lost for many years.
3. What kind of thoughts and feelings does the author's recollection of the Mianmian soil and his description of the Taklamakan Desert convey? Please analyze briefly.
Specific analysis:
First step: according to the question stem to find the angle of the answer - marking language "what kind of" - to determine the question for the level of reading
The second step: according to the question stem to find the object of the answer - the author of the "sheer earth" and the "great desert" sentiments
The third step: according to the object of the answer Find the area to answer the question - the passages in the whole text that put emotions on "Mianmian soil" and "the great desert" - paragraphs 13 and 14. 13 and 14
Answer Analysis: (1) Paragraph 13, "I dream of my hometown, of the Mianmian soil on which I was born and which is as warm as my mother's body".
(2) Paragraph 14 has three meanings, "The children will most likely not be born on the sheer earth again. I bless them"; "Half a century ago, it is a faraway dream"; "I can't forget the feelings of longing for my hometown Mianmian soil. Forgive me for being a foolish wanderer".
Synthesizing the contents of the two paragraphs, the answers are: (1) The recollection of the Mianmian soil sends up the author's nostalgia for his hometown and its ancient customs. (2) A lyrical description of the Taklamakan Desert, which emphasizes the author's love for his hometown. (3) The story of the spiritual and emotional connection between life and motherland, between people and their homeland, which is hard to be separated, expresses the traveler's deep attachment to his hometown.
Two, semantic reading method
(A) the method and steps of semantic reading
There are two main ways to answer the semantic reading, one is to look for the answer in the text, and the other is to analyze it yourself. When the question stem has "according to the meaning of the text", "combined with the meaning of the text", "in the text refers to what" and other linguistic signs, that is, to turn to the level of reading, that is, in the text to find the answer, its specific The specific solution is the same as the level of reading. When the question stem has "understanding", "opinion", "meaning", "meaning" and other language markers, you need to analyze the content of the paragraph according to the answer. The answer is based on the content of the paragraph, analyzed by yourself. This analysis involves two aspects: first, the interpretation of the literal meaning. Second, the understanding of the meaning after the word, that is, the author's creative intention, purpose or thought and emotion.
(ii) Language markers for semantic reading
"meaning", "meaning", "understanding", "opinion ", "what", etc.
(3) Example Questions
Example 1 Read the following text and answer the questions.
The Absolute Singing
Yan Zhen
1 I have to go to the Yuanmingyuan every year, although there has always been a lotus pond in the Yuanmingyuan, and in March and April, the lotus leaves come out of the water, a clear green; and in May and June, the petals of the flowers begin to unfold, and the dots of new red. But I went to the Yuanmingyuan to see the lotus, neither in March and April to see its green leaves, nor in May and June to see its red flowers. For some reason, I always feel that the lotus in the Yuanmingyuan is different from those elsewhere, that it speaks differently, and that it dreams differently.
2So I would like to go to the Yuanmingyuan in the early winter every year, not for any other reason, but to see the lotus flowers in the lotus pond there at this time of the year.
3Sincerely, the beauty of the green leaves of the lotus is incomparable, its shallow deep green leaves coalesce on the winking dots of water dew, in the sunlight, like a transparent emerald rolling on a few pearls.
4 Is this the most beautiful time for a pond of lotus? The famous line of "the lotus leaves in the sky" has been chanted countless times, indeed, I used to think at first, this is the most beautiful time of the lotus, but now I think less and less.
5Sincerely, the beauty of the lotus blossom is well known, it is pink, light, text, elegant, as if it is always fifteen or sixteen years old, no matter in the bright sunshine or in the light wind and rain, it tingting in the bank and hidden in the water underwater those mysterious and unpredictable colorful shadow, will make a person mesmerized.
6This is the most beautiful time for a pond of lotus flowers? People are always talking about "the lotus flowers in the sun", of course, I also used to think that the red color of the pond is the most beautiful time of the lotus, but now I think less and less.
7Since the green leaves are not the most beautiful, and the red flowers are not the most beautiful, when exactly is the lotus the most beautiful?
8That was a more than 10 years ago in October, I went to the Yuanmingyuan alone, want to go to look for the remnants of the autumn, but when I wandered in neither a green leaf nor find a red flower on the rocky shores of the lotus pond, unintentionally, I was presented in front of another kind of scenery attracted: in the middle of the water reflecting the marvelous black and white patterns composed of broken stones and columns in the Yuanmingyuan, intertwined with a pool of remnants of the lotus. On it is a pool of broken lotus. Some of its withered stalks are still high up, some have been broken in the water; some of its leaves have long been torn by the autumn wind, some rolled into a black mass, but still hanging high in the air; it bears fruit, those who were once emerald green or golden yellow lotus seed, some have turned black, but still in the air high, some were broken by the wind and rain, heaps of collapsed in the water, but still guarding its own roots. See this scene, see the broken wall in the Yuanmingyuan columns on the reflection, those composed of the remnants of the magic of the mysterious large and small squares, triangles, circles, rhombuses, the beautiful pattern of the interlocking prints, I suddenly felt that I walked into a magical world of the lotus.
9 "left the remnants of the lotus to listen to the sound of rain"? No, I was feeling something else entirely. I felt that the pool of lotus flowers did not wither, did not die, the broken stems and branches of the broken stems and branches of the pool water, is completely the highest sublimation of a pool of green and a pool of colorful red. From their broken stems and fallen in the pool water in the middle of a variety of mysterious patterns composed of lotus, you can find a kind of beauty, you can find that kind of not be found by others hidden in the broken and withered in the noble poignant beauty.
10It no longer clears one's mind with its green leaves or intoxicates one with its red flowers; it now gives people the same as the broken wall left behind in the Yuanmingyuan, a symbol that seems to have been destroyed but can never be destroyed, a kind of unyielding silence. Therefore, I think, this pond full of remnants of the lotus is the Yuanmingyuan lotus pool of the absolute beauty of the place, because it is far better than the color, far better than the fragrance of a pool of history bleak and bitter absolute song.
11 What's more, after the winter, it is scattered all over the pond lotus, and will leaf out new shoots, with its green green, covering this ancient lotus pond it! Don't leave the remnants of the lotus to listen to the sound of rain, or in the sound of wind and rain to listen to the remnants of the lotus!
12This is true of the world, and this is true of life. As long as you have beauty in your spirit, no one can destroy your beauty. Sometimes, the more you destroy, the more beautiful you become.
(From People's Daily, with changes)
The title of the article is "The Greatest Hits", please understand the meaning of "Greatest Hits" according to the context.
Specific analysis:
The first step: according to the question stem to find the angle of the answer - from the language markers, there is the word "meaning", initially determined to be semantic reading. But from the question stem "according to the meaning of the text" this language mark, to determine the question for the semantic to level of reading up
The second step: according to the question stem to find the object of the answer - "the final song "
The third step: according to the object to find the answer to the question of the region - the whole text of the paragraphs related to the "extemporaneous singing" - paragraph 9, paragraph 10 Paragraph
Answer Analysis: Paragraph 9 (1) "I feel that this pool full of lotus flowers did not wither, did not die, that the broken stems and stumps that cover the pool water, is completely the highest sublimation of that pool of turquoise and a pool of colorful red". (2) "From among the various mysterious patterns they form with broken stems and fallen rosettes in the pool water, you can find a kind of beauty, you can find that kind of noble and poignant beauty hidden in the broken and withered that is not found by others". Paragraph 10 (3) "What it now gives people, like the broken wall left behind in the Yuanmingyuan, is a symbol of something that seems to have been destroyed but can never be destroyed, a kind of unyielding silence." (4) "It is this pond full of remnants of lotus that is the absolute beauty of the lotus pond in the Yuanmingyuan, for it is far more than the color, far more than the fragrance of a pool of history's bleak and bitter masterpiece."
Answer: a pond full of remnants of the lotus is a pool of turquoise, bright red of the highest sublimation, is a pool through the bleak winds and rains of the noble and poignant; Yuanmingyuan broken walls are the witness of the history of the destroyed, has become a symbol of the indestructible; the reality of the remnants of the lotus and the history of the remnants of each other, constituting the remnants of the, the unique beauty.
Three, the structure of the reading method
(a) the structure of the reading method and steps
The structure of the reading is mainly to see the selection of the object in the text of the position, the position of the different roles played by the different. Generally speaking, it is divided into three cases:
1, in the beginning of the article (including the title) has three main aspects of the role: (1) lead to the following ...... (to be answered specifically); (2) to cause interest in reading; (3) for the following ...... do pave the way for the following to do .
2, in the middle of the article there are two main aspects of the role: (1) the role of the transition (to carry on the next, to be specifically answered); (2) sometimes can also be used as a clue.
3, in the end of the article has three main aspects of the role: (1) summarize the whole text, deepen the theme; (2) according to the beginning (title), the first and the last echo; (3) point out the purpose of the topic, revealing the center (to be specifically answered)
(b) the structure of the reading of the language markers
"role", "why", etc.
(III) Example Questions
Example 1 Read the following work and complete questions 18-21.
The Fragrant Hills in Winter
①If it were not for official business, who would come to the Fragrant Hills at this freezing time of the year? But then again, if I hadn't come at just the right time, how could I have known that side of Xiangshan's character?
②Three days of meetings, staying in the park villa. A large park for our exclusive use, but also a kind of fulfillment. As soon as I climbed up in the morning I went to visit the mountain. Here I came in the spring, is the world of flowers; summer, is the world of thick shade; in the fall to say, is the world of red leaves. And in all three seasons, the mountain is full of tourists, and in the end, it's a world of people. Clothing of all shapes and sizes, southern and northern accents, all of which fill the mountain roads and forests. Now can be good, no flowers, no leaves, no red, no green, and even less people, a good empty Xiangshan Mountain, a good clean world.
③When I came here in the past, there were lilacs along the roadside, thick green round leaves, white or purple flowers; now there are only gray-brown branches left, picking up some empty shells that have been popped out of the seeds. In the past, when I came here, there were some layers and pieces of shrubs on the hillside, fluttering their frosty red leaves, like a ball of fire, tossing in the autumn wind; now I look at a gray piece from afar, its body and its shape and the stone and the soil almost together, it is difficult to find its voice. In the past, when I came, under the trees in the forest is thick green grass, velvet from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain; now they are either withered in the cracks of the stone, or by the wind swept and rolled in the roots of the trees under the polytunnels. If the fall is the water falling out of the stone, winter is the grass and trees go and the rocks show. At the bottom of the mountain, I looked at the top of the mountain, the ghost of sorrow, the black stone cliffs, winding stone road, vivid in my mind. Even the boulders on the road look like they have suddenly come into view, as if they have never been seen in the past. It can be imagined that, when the first autumn, winter snowfall, the mountain feel the burden of three seasons will go, will face the cold wind will be broad shoulders shake, shake off those who climbed on the body of the soft branches and soft leaves; and will be the door closed, out of those endless guests; and then sit down, towering look down on the great thousands of people, and quietly enjoy the peace and quiet. I am now stepping into this quiet world. Su Shi went to visit Chengtian Temple in the dead of night and felt that the temple was as bright and quiet as if it were in the midst of standing water, and I am now traveling to Fragrant Hill on a winter's day, and I am as clear as if I were in a vacuum.
4 Compared with spring and summer, what remains unchanged on this mountain are the pines and cypresses. Once out of the villa's back door there are more than a dozen two hugs of thick pines straight to the sky. The trunks of the trees are thick and sturdy, smooth and straight, until the end of the treetops to extend a few gnarled branches, with bundles of pine needles hanging from the branches, how green or how green. At this time the sun rose from the east, walked between the pine branches but silent. I wandered under the tree and reclining chair on the stone, looking at the red sun and green pine, the heart of the quiet and leisure as in nirvana, feel the chest like a valley of emptiness, the head hangs a mirror, people and mountains as one. At this time I only feel the lofty mountain and the greatness of the pine, winter Xiangshan only these two things left. In addition to the pines, there are some new pines, planted on the side of the road, emerging green needles, as if completely unaware of the season outside. With the pine is also accompanied by cypress trees and bamboo. Cypress trees either stand on the roadside, or stick out of the rocky outcrops, and echo the pines. Bamboo is under the eaves of the foothills, holding out the beautiful branches, stretching out the green leaves, far from doing some padding. You look at them under the description of those shriveled up the sacs of grass and branches, you look at their head of the red sun and blue sky, you look at that cleaned by the mountain wind slate road, you will understand the pride of the pine tree. It doesn't shrink its sleeves because of the wind and cold, and it doesn't feel inferior and ashamed because of the few people. I wonder how people's curiosity is so strong, but how did they not think of coming back to Fragrant Hill to see the image of the pine tree after the autumn convergence and winter condensation.
⑤When I climbed to the top of the mountain looked back at the distant smoke, pavilions and platforms hidden, the foot of the stone run, pines and cypresses, no flowers, no grass, a color of gray and brown. A good picture of natural burnt ink and water. Burnt ink penmanship, color and ink, do not cover up only the essence. Look at this mountain, it borrowed the season to help shed the fragrance of lilacs, the shadow of the grass, the maple's red, and visitors to the scene. Only left the evergreen pines and cypresses to make their own mountain soul. The mountain road is silent, smelled no one, I walk and think, compared to several times to Xiangshan's harvest. Spring when I look at her charming, summer when I look at his rich, fall when I look at her nickel, winter when I have the honor to glimpse her backbone. After reviewing and pondering, she resolutely put away those flowers that are too much for the eyes, leaving behind only this hard bone and righteousness, and she will strive for better flowers, better leaves, and everlasting fragrance in the coming year.
6 Xiangshan, this clear and bright winter!
(Taken from Liang Heng's anthology "Foraging for the Crossing")
1. Connect with the whole text, and experience the first paragraph of the article to talk about "If I hadn't come here just at this time, how could I have known that side of the character of Fragrant Hill?" The meaning and effect of a sentence.
Specific analysis:
The first step: according to the question stem to find the angle of the answer - language markers: "significance" and "role" --Determine the question as a semantic and structural synthesis of the reading
Step 2: According to the question stem to find the answer to the question - "If I had not come at just the right time, how could I have known that side of the character of the fragrant mountain? "
Third step: according to the object to find the answer to the question area - paragraph 1, the beginning of the article
Answer Analysis:
From the reading of the meaning of the sentence: the author happened to come to Fragrant Hills on a winter day, to know the other side of the character of Fragrant Hills from the The words "just" and "how can" show the author's surprise when he discovered the other side of Xiangshan's character.
From the reading of the structure, this sentence is located in the opening paragraph, which serves to lead to the following, specifically including the later author's specific description of the other side of Fragrant Hill in winter and the thoughts that it provokes.
Answer: it shows the author's surprise of accidentally discovering the other side of the character of Fragrant Hill in winter. Leads to the article on the winter fragrance of the mountain to the author's extreme surprise "accident" "discovery" (or the other side of Fragrant Hill) of the narrative and thinking.
2, a comprehensive view of the whole article, briefly analyze the article's concluding sentence "Xiangshan, this clear and bright winter" role.
Specific analysis:
Step one: according to the question stem to find the angle of the answer - the language mark: "role" - to determine the question for the structure of the reading
The first step: according to the question stem to find the angle of the answer - the language mark: "role" - to determine the question for the structure of the reading < /p>
The second step: according to the question stem to find the object of the answer - "Fragrant Hill, this God-clever winter"
The third step: according to the object to find the answer to the question area -
Answer Analysis:
This sentence is located at the end of the article, there should be the previous, point out the purpose of the question, revealing the role of the center, that is, to undertake the author of the other side of the character of Fragrant Hills of the narrative and exclamation, once again, pointing out the winter of Fragrant Hills of the essence of the quiet, with the essence of the backbone, so that readers of the other side of the winter of Fragrant Hills of the other side of a more further The reader will be able to think further about the other side of Fragrant Hill in winter.
Answer: This sentence is the author in the sense of the other side of Mount Fragrance issued a heartfelt sigh, once again pointing out the winter of Mount Fragrance quiet, backbone of the nature, and the previous echo, so that readers of the winter of Mount Fragrance to have a further thought.