Huangling, as the mausoleum of Emperor Xuanyuan Huangdi, the founder of the Chinese nation, not only has a long history, humanities, countryside, thrifty and simple folk culture, but also contains the oldest and most simple folk culture and art, the most prominent of which is the square performance of the Yangge Dance, which is known as the "old Yangge", her performance forms and performance content is particularly colorful. Her performance forms and contents are especially colorful, including skirt dance (commonly known as skirt lifting in Huangling), dumbbell dance, bamboo board dance, dish dance, candle dance, king whip (commonly known as body ringing in Huangling), running bamboo horse. Small programs are: running dry boat, eight treasure chain lights, mice marrying girls, two baldy fights, dance dragon lanterns, playing lions, playing tigers, cranes and clams, etc., in the performance process combined with the changes in the drums, beautiful music, beautiful singing, and increased her visual, sensory impact, her performance scene is grand, beautiful movements, has a strong artistic infectivity, so that the audience blood boiling, heart pounding, the following one by one:
One, skirt dance
Huangling skirt dance origin and other dances as well as other dances, also as the ancient sacrificial music and dance "witch" and "martial arts", is the first people in fear of the gods of heaven and earth and created for the gods of heaven and earth and used for sacrificial activities. They were created by the ancestors in fear of the gods of heaven and earth, and were used in the sacrificial activities for the gods of heaven and earth, as well as for the sacrificial activities for the ancestor Xuanyuan Huangdi. Over time, with the further development of history, it was also used to celebrate the New Year and pray for a good year, mainly in urban and rural areas and among neighbors and relatives. Officials and people have fun together, the dynasty and the countryside **** celebration, play auspicious, whitewash the peace. Demonstrate skills and talent, promote wealth and folk, promote exchanges, promote unity, friendship, continuity of history, the dance twisted the universe, the song shook the thousand years, in the continuation of the perfect, in practice, and gradually formed an established program.
Legend to the Ming Dynasty, Huangling County, about ten miles southeast of the bridge ditch village of Liu Jing, served in the Palace House of Music, official by the Royal Secretary, Huangling people legend says Liu Gong Gong, in the dynasty to the Palace E color women rehearsal songs and dances mainly. After leaving his post and returning to his hometown, on the basis of the ritual dance in Huangling and the palace dance will be fused through which to improve and enrich the performance skills and repertoire of words, so that it is infused with the color of the palace dance, Huangling skirt dance has a more complete leap, clearly differentiated from the other local rice-planting songs. Therefore, Huangling's Yangge is a dance, not a twist.
Ancient performance skirt dance costumes, props, make-up are very simple, the female role is a man dressed as a woman: the top of a silk black yarn instead of hair up to the heel, forehead decorated with colored paper pleated into a peacock screen type of head flowers, a red silk pleated with the top of the heap of flowers on both sides of the remaining strips of the two ears behind the shoulders straight down to the chest, the upper body with the bride's small red jacket, the lower body with a colorful skirt, colorful pants, chest On the upper body, the bride wears a small red jacket, and on the lower body, she wears a colorful skirt and pants, with a white skirt tied tightly around her chest. The performance skills of the skirt dance mainly lie in the female corner of the dancing skirt, so it is also known as "lifting the skirt".
The female role in the "handyman" (male) under the guidance of the dance of the tie skirt, step after step, the movement of the cicada, dance like a butterfly, such as floating on the water, like the clouds, Ana Yi beauty, dancing and dancing, light dust flick, wrapped around the waist around the knee. Night performances, in the left hand of the handyman (male role) held the lotus light like a fairy in the mist, bright and dark, like a dream, said:
"Phoenix single flash wings", "Phoenix double flash wings", "peacock three nodding head", "moth fluttering lamp style" and so on. Shy, delicate, quiet, elegant and childlike, simple and peaceful. It really shows the delicate beauty of women in the Loess Plateau in southern Shaanxi, which is the mainstream of skirt dance. Several urchins in the rice-planting team have two upright pigtails on top of their heads, dressed as clowns, with a donkey's neck hanging on their shoulders with a string of bells often hung on their necks, and they are unrestrained on the occasion, jumping around and making the donkey's string of bells jingle jangle jangle jangle jangle jangle jangle jangle jangle jangle. The old woman dressed in the rice-planting team, dressed as a clown, stirrups a pair of wooden fake feet, wearing embroidered shoes, wide and long trouser legs. The real feet covered, with firecrackers or red pepper horns as earrings, with donkey eyes as a milk mask, holding a big mallet or common things used by peasant women, red face, white eye sockets, ugly can be out of all out, make people laugh.
In the queue performance, there are also many juggling throughout the aforementioned, straight to the scene of warm and joyful, funny and comical.
The performance of the formation changes in the white dragon horse mane, phoenix play peony, two dragons play pearl, scorpion upside down tail, and lotus blossoms and many other names. Wandering freely, changeable, such as swimming dragons, like Xiangfeng, acting the Big Dipper, cloth Nangong, the two discuss the four directions, gossip and nine palaces, implying humanistic concepts, hidden meaning of the mysterious.
In the sound of drums and drums, after a round of dance, by the voice of the loud and clear singing a section of Huangling Yangge (folk song), immediately drums again, and into the warm performance. After the skirt dance is finished, the fierce sound of gongs and drums sends other folk dances, dry boats and jugglers into the venue for further performances.
Second, the body ringing
Huangling folk "king whip" is a folk dance art with the rhythmic action of touching and hitting the flower stick as the main means of expression. Performer's right hand holding a length of about eighty centimeters, the diameter of about three centimeters of the hollow core of the bamboo rod, in order to have a loud sound at both ends of the vertical direction of each hit one to three small eyes, with a fine wire in the inner cavity wearing five or six coins or a small bell, the surface of the bamboo rod coated with a variety of colors or paint, and then wrapped in colorful paper or cloth strips every three to five centimeters around the circle, the two ends of the tie on the red coma with the linen for the red tassels, the shape of the Chu king of the steel whip and the king of the whip of Xiang Yu Its shape is similar to the steel whip of Xiang Yu, the king of Chu, so it is called the "King's Whip", also known as the Flower Stick. Actors dressed in ancient costumes, shoulders, knees, wrists, shoes are sewn with small bells, performances in accordance with the rhythm of the music, the center of the hand grasping the flower stick to beat their own limbs or other people's flower stick, constantly choking, choking and jangling sound, and folk songs, singing and dancing, it is said that 110 BC (Yuanfeng yuan year) in October, the Han Emperor returned from the northern expedition of the north of the Shuo Fang in the central (now Huangling County) to pay homage to the humanities ancestor Emperor Regulus, when he ordered More than a hundred soldiers holding steel whip dance, to sacrifice ancestors, from then on, "king whip" will be spread in folklore. And because of the "king whip" at both ends of a number of empty grooves, grooves equipped with movable pieces of copper money, a little bit of the whip will be shaken and struck, it will be issued "brush la la" sound of copper money, fast-paced, resounding. Dancers sometimes hit the whip with their hands, sometimes kick the whip with their feet, and sometimes touch the whip body, from top to bottom, shoulders, back, waist, legs, feet everywhere, every collision has issued a pleasant sound, so it is also known as the "whole body ring".
"King whip" in Huangling County has been circulating for a long time, because of its free form, simple props, beautiful dance, the masses are happy to see, easy to spread the popularity. Currently in Huangling circulating the king whip is in the reference to the traditional king whip on the basis of the through the processing of art workers and become. In the dance dynamics, modeling beauty, made a focus on rendering, so that the action of exaggerated, dynamic strength, highlighting the details of the layout and scheduling of the way rich and varied, the scene of the ups and downs, static and dynamic contrast is strong, thus forming a unique regional style.
"King whip" according to its action can be divided into low hand whip, high hand whip and aerial whip; according to its speed can be divided into stationary whip, marching whip; according to the size of the venue can be divided into the square whip, stage whip, the square whip up to a hundred people, the stage whip up to more than a dozen people, the form of flexible, easy to change.
Three, running bamboo horse
Huangling running bamboo horse is the performance of the legend of the ancient times of a war scene, will be made into a big hole in the middle of the fake horse, that is, the mud into a mold, the appearance of the paste on the multi-layer linen paper, respectively, after removing the mold coated with red, white, black, yellow, and other colors; tie on the manes, ears, eyes and so on. Actors on the stage, from the middle of the big hole drilled into the shoulders, dressed in ancient generals clothing (costume can be), theater face makeup, pheasant feathers as plumes. Inserted six to eight colorful triangular back flag, robe will cover the legs, in accordance with their respective roles hand-held spears or long-handled daggers and other weapons.
Characters to determine the number of generals with specific stories, each member of the generals with a horse or flag bearer, dressed in samurai clothing, holding a large flag, the flag center of the general's family name, four corners of the four sides of the floral pattern decorative, line in front of the generals, waving a large flag; each member of the generals are also equipped with a horse boy, requires a little martial arts to be able to hit the wheels of the car (tiger jump), heel (small flip), planting a solid pile (to take the top), line in the generals, after the generals, the generals are holding horses to drive the horse, the generals are holding horses to drive the horses. After the general, the role is to lead the horse and drive the horse.
The performances are accompanied by intense gongs and whistles, which are warm, spectacular and magnificent, and are performed and sung in one section.
Four, dumbbell dance
Dumbbell dance is the performer's hands each holding a diameter of about eight centimeters, about thirty centimeters long hollow core wooden stick (dumbbell), the performance of the actor's own hands holding the dumbbells, sometimes in front of their chests, sometimes behind their backs or in the top of their heads, or cross legs in the middle of the legs, so that the two tops of the dumbbells touch each other, in accordance with the rhythm of the music to emit a crisp, pleasant ringing, accompanied by the song of the The rhythm of the light and bright rice-planting song (folk song), rigid and flexible, can be their own singles, but also and other people to play. There is no limit to the number of people, half men and half women.
Fifth, the bamboo board dance
Bamboo board dance is a male corner of the left hand holding a bamboo board with a fast board performance, the right hand holding a bamboo board with a sawtooth, about 30 centimeters long, about 2 centimeters wide, the female corner of the two hands holding a length of about 40 centimeters, about 3 centimeters wide two pieces of bamboo boards, the hand holding the handle of the end of the forefinger clamped between the two bamboo boards, the male and female corner of the bamboo boards according to the rhythm of the music to beat the respective. Yangge accompanied by singing, changing positions, for a variety of dance movements, the number of people is not limited to half men and half women.
Six, Dish Dance
Dish Dance is men and women corner of each hand holding a porcelain dish, with ring finger and little finger grasping the edge of the dish, the bottom of the dish close to the palm of the hand, the thumb, forefinger, and middle finger to clip a pair of bamboo chopsticks, according to the rhythm of the music to knock the front of the dish in the center of the dish, the sound of the water dripping crispy and pleasing to the ear. Change positions and perform various dance movements, singing rice-planting songs while dancing. There is no limit to the number of participants, half men and half women. The form is novel and the scene is elegant.
Seven, candle dance
Candle dance is a man and a woman corner of the hands of a very small dish, small dish in the center of planting a candle about eight centimeters high lit candle, waving arms, because the candle can only be upright, can not be tilted, so the performance of its action is like the beauty of playing taijiquan. The performance is accompanied by lyrical and melodious rice-planting songs. There is no limit to the number of people, half men and half women.
Eight, juggling
1, eight treasures chain lights: two large lotus lanterns, which have wooden wheels in the middle and the lower part of the wooden wheels on the ground to drive the lotus lamps, followed by a positive turn in the rice-planting team a reversal of the cheer.
2. Mice Marrying Daughters: The Yangge team consists of mice played by those who welcome the bride, send off the bride, play suona, beat gongs and drums, play the flag of the honor guard, carry the sedan chair, sit in the sedan chair of the bride, and ride the false horse of the groom, etc. The team is funny and humorous.
3, two baldy fight: is the two gourds as two bald heads, backed by the performer, arms wearing a pair of pants, hands wearing shoes crawling on the ground, the two gourd head right up like two heads, as two fake arms and hands, holding each other together, the performer arms legs back and forth to do different movements. It looks like two bald men fighting, and can be performed by many people.
4, Crane and clam fight: Crane is a male actor, his head wearing a very high hat, the top of the hat into a crane head shape, the middle of the long and thin, the lower part of the neck as a crane to wear on the actor's head, dressed in a crane sweater, arms wearing a crane wings, legs as a crane legs. The thinner the better, and the feet are made into crane claws. The clam is made up by the actor as a handsome and pretty girl in ancient makeup. Carrying two large clam shells that can wrap around a person. When the performance of the mussels one by one non-stop flashing double shells, dancing back and forth, luring and teasing the crane in the distance. When the crane wants to chirp the clam, the clam will immediately close the shell in an attempt to clamp the crane's mouth, and the crane immediately backward to avoid. So repeated and varied play, funny and humorous, funny and touching, until the crane choked the clam, mussels clamped crane mouth, who can not get rid of when the end. This is the allusion to the crane and the mussel competing with each other, and the fisherman gets the benefit.
5, running boat: Huangling running boat is very different from the field. The dry boat made by outsiders only four red silk tied to the top corners of the boat, respectively, hanging a silk for the big red flowers. And Huangling people do the dry boat is very elaborate. Separately will be paper-cutting, paper tie, painting and other folk arts and crafts very carefully dressed in all parts of the dry boat, so that its elegant and gorgeous. Outsiders run dry boat is only two handheld dry boat twisting rice-planting song, and Huangling people run dry boat is the real show. Requirements for the boat body really seems to float on the water, but also to encounter the wind and waves, whirlpools, rapids, shoals when the scene vividly manifested.
According to the old people: Huangling old rice-planting songs are mainly performed in the evening of the New Year's Day (the fifteenth day of the first month), the county is divided into three spontaneous rice-planting societies in the lower part of the city, the East Pit, the West Pit, and the societies have rice-planting teams and rice-planting costumes, props, musical instruments and other equipment, and each year's organizer is known as the "head of the panic", and the "head of the panic to go to each house before the Spring Festival to raise funds, rehearse and mature, and then perform in a variety of activities. Before the Spring Festival, the head of the panic goes to each family to collect expenses, and after the rehearsal is mature, the performance starts on the eighth and ninth days of the lunar calendar. Fifteen nights were even more lively, and there were also rice-planting teams from ten miles and eight townships under the townships of Diantou, Longfang, Tianzhuang and so on, and the rice-planting teams could be as many as more than 100 branches on the night of the Lantern Festival in some years, from the night of the Lantern Festival to the dawn of the next day, and it was conceivable that such a huge and numerous team, such a large and favored scene, and such a high level of enthusiasm under the condition at that time and that all of them were self-motivated, self-conscious, and voluntary, so it was conceivable that the widespread and popularity of the old rice-planting songs at that time could be imagined in Huangling. The old rice-planting song is widespread and universal.