Three Kingdoms? Wei? Cao Cao's short song line
short song line Cao Cao
is a song about wine. What is life like? Morning dew, for example, is much harder to go to Japan.
be generous and worry is unforgettable. How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang.
the green lady is leisurely in my heart. But for your sake, I have been thoughtfully so far.
yo yo Luming Literature, the apple of the wild. I have a batch of good guests, playing the lute and playing the lute.
when can it be as clear as the moon? Worry comes from it and cannot be cut off.
the more you cross the street, the more useless you are. Talk about it, and remember the old grace.
there are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Three turns around the tree, what branches can you rely on?
the mountains are never too high, and the sea is never too deep. The duke of Zhou vomited and fed, and the world returned to the heart.
Translation:
Drinking and singing at the same time, life is short and the sun flies. It's like the morning dew is fleeting, and there are too many lost days! The songs on the table are passionate and generous, and melancholy fills the heart for a long time. By what to relieve depression? Only binge drinking can relieve you. Those students wearing blue collars (the costumes of Zhou Dynasty bachelors), you make me miss you day and night. It is because of you that I have been singing the song Zi Ji in a low voice. In the sun, deer are chirping and eating leisurely on the green slope.
once the talented people from all over the world come to our house, I will play blowing sheng to entertain the guests. When can I pick up the bright moon hanging in the sky? My long-held worries and resentments suddenly gushed out and merged into a long river Distant guests came to visit me one by one on the field path. Meet each other after a long separation, have a heart-to-heart talk and have a feast, and strive to tell the old friendship.
The moon rises, the stars twinkle, and a flock of nesting blackbirds fly south. Flying around the tree for three weeks without folding their wings, where can they live? The mountains do not hesitate to see the towering rocks, and the sea does not abandon the trickle to see the grandeur. Only when you meet a talented person like the Duke of Zhou, you can make people in the world turn to me with courtesy.
Emotion: Through the singing at the banquet, the poet's thoughts and feelings of thirst for talent and his ambition to unify the world are expressed in a calm and cadence style;
"Short Songs" originally had "six interpretations" (that is, six passages), which were divided into four sections according to poetry.
"When drinking is a song, what is the geometry of life? Morning dew, for example, is much harder to go to Japan. Be generous, and worry is unforgettable. How to solve the problem, only Du Kang. "
In these eight sentences, the author emphasizes that he is very worried and extremely worried. So what's the worry? It turned out that he was suffering from not getting many "talents" to cooperate with him and make contributions together. Imagine that even Cao Cao, a powerful person, was worried about "seeking talents" there, which would have much propaganda effect. If there are really "talented people" among the landlords in commoners, we can't help but be moved and encouraged by these words.
They are struggling to find a way out. I didn't expect Cao Cao to be there for talents, so many people who are really talented or think they are talented are likely to be eager to "return to his heart". At first glance, the eight sentences of "singing to wine" are very similar to the negative tone in Nineteen Ancient Poems, but they are actually quite different. Talking about "life geometry" here is not to ask people to "eat, drink and be merry", but to make contributions in time. On the surface, Cao Cao is expressing his personal feelings, worrying that time passes too fast, and I'm afraid it's too late to make a difference. In fact, it is subtly infecting the vast number of "talented people", reminding them that life is as easy to disappear as "morning dew", and the years have passed a lot. You should make up your mind and come to me to display your ambitions.
So once analyzed, it is not difficult to see that the rich lyrical atmosphere in the poem contains quite strong political purposes. Such a positive purpose and deliberately use a low tone to start, which certainly shows that Cao Cao really has his melancholy thoughts, so he said it truly; But on the other hand, it is precisely because such a tone can open the hearts of people who are at the lower level, have experienced many difficulties and are eager to find a way out. Therefore, the intention and wording are both true and ingenious.
In these eight poems, the main emotional feature is the word "sorrow", which needs to be dispelled by wine ("Du Kang" is said to be the first person to make wine, so here his name is used as a substitute for wine). The emotion of "worry" itself cannot be evaluated, but only the objective content of this emotion can be evaluated, that is, why it is "worry". Worrying because of selfishness, decadence or even reaction is a negative emotion;
On the contrary, worrying about some progressive purpose becomes a positive emotion. Looking at the specific historical background, the melancholy expressed by Cao Cao here belongs to the latter and should be properly evaluated in history. Chen Ling, a Qing dynasty man, said in Poem Than Xing Jian: "This poem is the purpose of thinking about brave men in the Song of the Great Wind by Emperor Gaozu. The' life geometry' originated, and it was said that the so-called ancient kings knew that their life span was not long, so they built sages to be heirs. " This can be said to basically understand the meaning of Cao Cao's worry; However, the so-called "building sages together to bequeath descendants" is a bit far-fetched. What Cao Cao was considering at that time was to end the war and unify China in his own life. There are similarities and differences between Han Gaozu and Han Gaozu in singing "Da Feng Ge".
"green lady, leisurely in my heart. But for your sake, I have been thoughtfully so far. A group of deer, yo, ate the Mugwort in that yuan ye. I have a guest, blowing sheng. "
these eight sentences are even more lingering. The sentence "Qingqing" was originally from the Book of Songs Zheng Feng Zi Jin. The original poem was about a girl who was thinking about her lover. The four sentences in the first chapter were: "Qingqing Zi Jin, leisurely in my heart. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not inherit the sound? " Your green collar haunts me deeply. Although I can't come to you, why didn't you take the initiative to give me a message? ) Cao Cao quoted this poem here and said that he had been reciting it in a low voice, which was really ingenious. He said that "a green girl is leisurely in my heart", which is of course a direct metaphor for missing "talented people"; But more importantly, he omitted two sentences: "Even if I don't go, I would rather not inherit the sound?" As it is actually impossible for Cao Cao to go to those "talents" one by one, he used this implicit method to remind them: "Even if I didn't go to you, why didn't you take the initiative to come to me?" From this implicit meaning, we can see that his intention of "seeking talents" is really thoughtful and indeed has touching power.
and this touching power reflects the combination of political and artistic creation. Of course, his deep and subtle intentions can't be fully expressed in documents such as "The Order of Seeking Talents"; As a poem, Short Songs can express feelings that political documents can't express and play a role that political documents can't. Then he quoted four sentences from the Book of Songs, Xiaoya Luming Literature, to describe the scene of the banquet, which means that as long as you come to me, I will definitely stay as a "guest" and we will be able to get along and cooperate happily and harmoniously. These eight sentences still don't clearly say the word "seeking talent", because Cao Cao wrote poems, so he used allusions as metaphors, which is the expression of "being gentle and sarcastic". At the same time, the word "Jun" is also typical in Cao Cao's poems. Originally in the Book of Songs, this "gentleman" only refers to a specific person; Here, it has a wide range of significance: at that time, all the "wise men" who read Cao Cao's poem can think that he is the object of missing Cao Cao's poem Zi Jin. It is precisely because of this that this poem will play a huge social role if it is circulated.
"it's as clear as the moon, when can it be forgotten? Worry comes from it and cannot be cut off. The more strange it is, the more useless it is. Talk about it, and remember the old grace. "
these eight sentences are the emphasis and care of the above sixteen sentences. The above sixteen sentences mainly talk about two meanings, that is, to worry about seeking the virtuous, and to treat the virtuous with courtesy. If music is used as a comparison, these can be said to be two "theme melodies" in the whole poem, and the eight sentences of "Clearly as the Moon" are the reappearance and variation of these two "theme melodies". The first four sentences are talking about sorrow, which is the first eight sentences; The last four sentences talk about the arrival of "talented people", which is the second eight sentences. On the surface, the meaning is repeated with the first sixteen sentences, but in fact, due to the reappearance and variation of the "theme melody", the whole poem is more restrained and chanted, which strengthens the lyrical concentration. From the perspective of expressing the literary theme of poetry, these eight sentences are not simple repetitions, but contain profound meanings.
That is to say, a lot of "talented people" have come, and we have cooperated very well. However, I am not satisfied. I am still worried about seeking talents, hoping that more "talents" will come. The bright moon in the sky is always running and will not stop ("stop" means "stop", and "Short Song Line" played by Jin Yue means "stop"; The interpretation of "Duo" in high school textbooks is: pick up and take. When can I pick it up? In the same way, my thoughts of seeking the virtuous will not be cut off. It is also a thoughtful performance to say this, because Cao Cao is constantly recruiting talents, so will the latecomers worry about "overcrowding"? Therefore, Cao Cao further stated here that his heart of seeking the virtuous will not end like the bright moon, and people will not have any worries, and they will be given preferential treatment if they come early or late. On this point, the author will make it more clear in the following, which is just a connecting link between the preceding and the following, playing the role of transition and cushion.
"There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south, circling the tree three times. What can we rely on? The mountains are not tired of heights, the sea is not tired of depths, and the Duke of Zhou spits and feeds, and the world returns to the heart. "
The four sentences of "Moonlight" are not only accurate and vivid brushwork for landscape painting, but also metaphorical. Shen Deqian, a Qing Dynasty poet, said in The Source of Ancient Poems: "There are few moon stars, and there is nothing for a geek to rely on." This shows that he saw that these four sentences are metaphors, but just saying "guest" is rather vague; In fact, this refers to those who are hesitant, and they are at a loss in the situation of the three countries. Therefore, Cao Cao inspired them with the scene of blackbirds circling trees and "what branches to rely on". Don't be half-hearted, be good at choosing branches and live, and come to your side quickly. These four poems vividly depict the situation and mood of those who hesitate, but the author not only does not accuse them at all, but reveals his concern and sympathy for these people in rich poetry. This just shows that Cao Cao is good at ideological work, and he attracts and strives for talents with a reasonable attitude. And a sentiment like this also gives full play to the unique infectious effect of poetry. The last four sentences make the finishing point, clearly put on the liver and drain the gallbladder, and hope that all talents will come to me, and clearly understand the theme of this poem.
The allusion of "The Duke of Zhou spat and fed" comes from The Biography of Han Poems. It is said that the Duke of Zhou himself said, "The son of the King of Wen, the brother of the King of Wu, and the uncle who became a king; I am also in the world, and I am not light in the world. However, if you hold your hair for three times and spit and feed for three times, you will still be afraid of losing the people in the world. " In order to receive the people of the world, the Duke of Zhou sometimes washed his hair and ate a meal, which was interrupted several times. This legend is of course too exaggerated. However, this allusion is used here to highlight the author's thirst for talent. The phrase "the mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep" also convincingly shows that the more talents, the better, and there will never be a "full of people". Chen Ling said in Guan Zhong Xing Jie: "Birds choose wood, but how can wood choose birds?"? There are three points in the world. If scholars don't go north, they will go south. When we leave for Shu and Wu, the emperor is undecided. If we don't spit and feed the festival, why come? Mountains never tire of soil, so they can become high; The sea never tires of water, so it can become deep; The king never tires of being a scholar, so the world returns to his heart. " These words are very helpful to explain the background, theme and the meaning of the last sentences of this poem.
On the whole, Short Songs, like Cao Cao's other poems, such as Hao Li Xing, Duijiu, Kuhan Xing, etc., is a highly political poem, mainly serving the political line, policies and strategies implemented by Cao Cao at that time. However, its political content and significance are completely fused in the rich lyrical artistic conception, and the whole poem gives full play to the specialty of poetry creation, and accurately and skillfully uses the metaphor technique to achieve the purpose of combining reason with emotion and affecting people. In Cao Cao's time, he was able to achieve the expected social effect according to the special laws of lyric poetry, and this creative experience is obviously worth learning.