First of all, single-petalled jasmine
Single-petalled jasmine is short, 70 ~ 90 cm high, with slender stems and vines, so it is called liana jasmine. The leaves are oval, thin, slightly pointed, plump, 5-9 cm long and 3.5-5.5 cm wide. Corolla is single-layered, with few lobes (petals), 7 ~ 1 1 piece, each piece is about 1.3 cm long and 1 cm wide, oval, white, slightly wrinkled on the surface and slightly pointed at the top, so it is also called pointed jasmine. A single jasmine flower has a long corolla tube, about 65438 0.5 cm, and two stamens, the same as the pistil length. Aggregate inflorescences, terminal or axillary, with 3 ~ 12 flowers per inflorescence and more than 30 flowers. The bud is slightly longer, smaller and lighter. China's single-petalled jasmine has been cultivated in many places for many years, forming many local varieties, among which Fujian Changle, Fuzhou, Jinhua and Taiwan Province provinces have high yield and good quality. Among them, jasmine in Taiwan Province Province is refreshing, fresh and pure. A single jasmine flower bud blooms early, and the current flower bud usually blooms at 6-7 pm. Each hundred flowers weighs about 22 ~ 25g, which is lighter than that of Jasminum bicuspidata. Jasmine tea made of single-petal jasmine is not as good as double-petal jasmine because of its rich aroma and fresh taste. Single-petal jasmine has strong drought tolerance and is suitable for planting at the foot of the mountain and hilly slope. However, the flower yield is not as good as that of double-petal jasmine, with the yield per 0.067 hectare 150 ~ 200 kg and the height not exceeding 400 kg. Not cold-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, and weak insect resistance.
Second, jasmine.
Jasmine bicuspidata is the main variety cultivated in large areas in China. The plant height is1~1.5m. It is an erect tufted shrub with many branches, thick and hard stems and grayish brown wrinkles on the epidermis at the base of the stems. Young stems are green, and strong branches are angular and short-haired. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate, entire, reticulate veins, dark green, thick and shiny. Aggregate inflorescence, terminal or axillary, with 3 ~ 17 flower buds per inflorescence, with more than 30 flowers. The flower buds are oval with flat or slightly pointed tips, also known as flat-headed jasmine. Double jasmine flowers are usually of good quality and have sharp tips. The flower is bigger than the single-petalled jasmine, and its water content is slightly lower. Corolla tube is slightly shorter than single jasmine, about 1 cm long. Corolla lobes (petals) are more, 13 ~ 18, and the base is arranged in two layers in tile shape, with 4 ~ 8 inner layers and 7 ~ 10 outer layers. Petals are about 1. 1 cm long and about 1 cm wide. 2 stamens, pistil 1 piece. The flowers are white and oily, with obvious waxy feeling, rich fragrance and delayed fragrance. The flower bud is about 2 hours later than that of a single jasmine flower. Now the flower bud usually blooms around 8-9 pm, so the natural fragrance can be delayed by more than ten hours. The weight of flowers is about 23g in spring, 30g in summer and 26g in autumn. The scented tea made of double-petal jasmine tea is full of fragrance. Although it is not as fresh and pure as single-petal jasmine tea, double-petal jasmine branches are tough, resistant to pressure, cold and moisture, easy to cultivate and high in yield per unit area. At present, double-petalled jasmine is mainly planted in all parts of China. Planting in Hengxian County, Guangxi, can be sown and harvested in the same year. The yield of flowers per 0.067 hectare can reach 150 ~ 200 kg, that of three-year flowers per 0.067 hectare is about 500 kg, that of five-year flowers is about 800~ 1000 kg, and the highest can reach 1500 kg.
Three, multi-petal jasmine
There are obvious verrucous processes on the branches of multi-petalled jasmine. The leaves are dark green, the buds are tight, round and short, and the top is slightly notched. Corolla lobes (petals) are small, thick and numerous, generally 16 ~ 2 1, with 3 ~ 4 layers of tile-like arrangement at the base and distinct layers when opening. Stamens 2 ~ 3. The budding flowers of multi-petal jasmine flower mostly at 7 ~ 8 pm, and most of them bloom on the 1 ~ 2 floor first, and the rest bloom the next day. There are also those that do not open and wither. Multi-petal jasmine has a long flowering period, light fragrance and low yield, so it is not ideal as a scented tea flower. However, it has strong drought tolerance and thrives in dry land on hillside. For example, through cross breeding (or grafting) with excellent single-petal or double-petal jasmine varieties, it is likely to obtain new jasmine varieties (new plants) with strong resistance, good quality and high yield.
Four, Oleaceae, other plants of the genus Lutjanus.
There are about 200 species of Oleaceae, belonging to the same family as Jasmine, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, with 27 species in China. At present, several species of this genus are closest to jasmine, which can be used to make scented tea. They are briefly introduced as follows:
1, Jasminum grandiflorum
Square flower, erect evergreen shrub, height1~1.4m. The branches are slender and drooping, angular and hairless, and the young branches are green. Leaves opposite, odd pinnate compound leaves, 5 ~ 6 cm long, 5 ~ 7 leaflets, sessile, entire, total petiole flat or winged. The lobules are ovoid or ovoid with sharp tips, and the top leaves are ovoid, lanceolate and acuminate. Many flowers form terminal or axillary cymes, with white flowers, larger than jasmine flowers and rich fragrance. Corolla is a tall dish with a diameter of 4 cm and a length of about 2 cm. The vessel is long and narrow, the apex is divided, the calyx is green, and the lobes are narrow and pointed. There are 2 stamens and 1 pistil in the flower. Flowering period may ~165438+1October. Berry, suborbicular, black. In Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan Province provinces, some people make scented tea with ordinary flowers.
2. Jasminum grandiflorum
Jasmine grandiflora, also known as Jasmine grandiflora, is a variety of Jasmine grandiflora. It is an evergreen shrub with a height exceeding 1 m. Bark brown, all hairless, slender branchlets, tender as vines, turquoise and striped. The leaves are opposite, deeply divided into odd pinnate compound leaves, and the leaflets are often 7 ~ 9. Leaflets are large and wide, with a length of 1.5 ~ 3.5cm and a width of 1.2 ~ 1.6cm ... The lower leaves are nearly oblong, with a short or blunt apex, and the upper 1 lobule is oval-lanceolate, with an acuminate apex, turquoise and slightly dark veins. The flower is a terminal cyme with purple buds and a tube length of about 2.5 cm. The corolla part of the flower bud is about 2 cm long and 0.3 cm in diameter. After flowering, the flower is 5 cm long, the apex is deeply divided and the lobes are oblong. Ovary superior, pistil 1, stigma about 0.4 cm long, long spindle-shaped needle. There are two stamens, and the anthers are heart-shaped and needle-shaped, about 0.5 cm long. Calyx has 5 lobes, needle-shaped, about 65438 0 cm long and green. The flower stalk is 0.5 ~ 3 cm long. Its flowers usually bear no fruit. The flowering period is from May to 65438+February. Jasmine grandiflora is mainly used to produce extracts.
3. Jasmine [Jasmine]]
Castanea mollissima originated in India and is an erect or climbing shrub with a height of 2-5 meters. The stems, leaves and calyx are all yellow-brown pilose. Simple leaf, opposite, short handle, oval, 4 ~ 9 cm long. The apex is pointed, the base is round or heart-shaped, the cymes are terminal, the flowers are white, usually compound leaves, the petals are 7-9-lobed, the flower diameter is 2.5-3.0 cm, and the flowers are fragrant. Sepals parted 7-9. Corolla lobes are oblong, pointed and fragrant. Calyx teeth are long and densely covered with yellow hairs.
4. jasminum giraldii.
Jasmine with pointed petals is a climbing shrub. Its branches and leaves are smooth and hairless, with large leaves, large flowers, white and fragrant petals, hence the name.
5. Jasmine.
Mollissima mollissima is a semi-climbing shrub. There are hairs on the main veins and calyx of leaves. Flowers are big, fragrant and white, which can be used to make tea.
5. Reasonable selection of cultivated varieties
Different varieties of jasmine have their own characteristics. Single-petal jasmine is drought-tolerant, suitable for dry land cultivation, and can be picked early every morning, which is convenient for long-distance transportation and can be planted even by farmers far away from tea factories. However, the double-petal jasmine blooms 1 ~ 2 hours later than the single-petal jasmine, and its fragrance is not as good as that of the single-petal jasmine, but it is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, easy to cultivate and has high yield. Considering the arrangement of tea planting in the tea factory, we can do a good job of variety matching. The two varieties are staggered, and the scented tea made of double-petal jasmine tea and single-petal jasmine jacquard is not only rich in fragrance, strong in taste and high in freshness. However, the proportion of planting area of various flowers should be planted in a planned way according to local production needs.