Sowing or cutting propagation.
Persian chrysanthemum breeds with seeds. In northern China, seeds are usually sown from April to June, and bloom continuously from June to August. The climate is hot and rainy from August to September, and there are few flowers. After the cool autumn, it continued to bloom until the first frost. If you sow in July and August, it will bloom in June at 5438+ 10, and the plants will be short and tidy.
The seeds of the universe have the ability to sow themselves. Once planted, a large number of self-sown seedlings will be born in the future. With a little protection, it can bloom as usual. Seeding can be done in the open field in mid-April, and seedlings can be unearthed in about 6 ~ 7 days if the temperature is suitable.
Cutting propagation is feasible in the growing period. The strong seedlings of about 65,438 0.5 cm can be cut to the node and inserted into sandy loam, and can take root in 6 ~ 7 days under suitable shade and humidity.
Spring sowing in April in central and southern areas germinated quickly, and it germinated 7 ~ 10 days after sowing. It can also be propagated by cutting and take root in 15 ~ 18 after cutting.
Transplanting 4-5 seedlings with true leaves, coring, or direct seeding. If basal fertilizer is applied to the planting area, there is no need to apply fertilizer during the growing period. The soil is too rich, the branches and leaves are white and long, and the flowering is reduced. Flowering people are not easy to bear fruit in the high temperature period from July to August. Cosmos is a short-day plant. Spring seedlings tend to be lush and have few flowers, while summer seedlings are short and neat, and they bloom constantly.
What kind of plant is Gesanghua, also known as Gesanghua, is controversial at present. In Tibetan, "Ge Sang" means "good times" or "happiness", and "Mei Duo" means flowers, so Gesanghua is also called the happiness flower, which has long been entrusted with the good feelings of Tibetan people looking forward to happiness and good luck.
Xizang Autonomous Region Institute of Plateau Biology used ethnobotanical methods to study and discuss the original plants of Gesangmeiduo. According to relevant literature research and interviews with key figures, it shows that cosmos, regarded as Gesanghua in a large number of Tibetan movies, songs and Tibetan periodicals and magazines, is not a real Gesanghua. Broadly speaking, "Ge Sang Mei Duo" is probably synonymous with wild flowers with the strongest vitality in the plateau, while botanically speaking, Aster in Compositae and Cuiju, a common cultivated plant from Lhasa to Changdu, are in the same strain as Gesanghua. In addition, in Tibetan areas, there are plants called Gesanghua, such as ebony, Euphorbia fischeriana, Rhododendron alpine, Saussurea involucrata and so on.
Legend of the eminent monk
A long time ago, a serious plague broke out in Tibetan areas, and people died in batches. The local tribal leaders tried their best to solve it. Until one day, a living Buddha from a distant country passed by and cured everyone with a local plant. However, in order to treat the people's diseases, the monks broke down from overwork. Because of the language barrier, people's only impression of the living Buddha is what he often calls "Ge Sang"-a plant used to treat diseases. So people call this living Buddha "Ge Sang Living Buddha". From then on, all the beautiful things symbolizing hope and happiness were also called "Ge Sang". From then on, the most beautiful flower on the grassland is called "Gesanghua".
Legends of the gods
"Ge Sang" was originally the god in charge of human sufferings and happiness among Tibetan gods. Because of human greed and ignorance, the wanton killing of creatures on the grassland angered God, so God sent "Ge Sang" gods to punish mankind. "Ge Sang" came to the earth, only to find that the long-term war had made this land lifeless and the plague was raging. Therefore, the gods violated their own destiny, helped mankind overcome the plague and gave mankind a chance to turn over a new leaf. In order to commemorate the God who saved them, mankind commemorates him with the most beautiful and happiest thing on earth, namely Gesanghua.
Sisters legend
Long ago, all the flowers were the daughters of the same mother. These girls all live in a big family. Gesanghua and Xuelian used to be twin sisters, but later they were separated because of their different personalities and goals when they grew up. Xuelian chose the high Himalayas. Gesanghua passed by.
Tibetan Buddhism Basiba
After a while, I missed Snow Lotus very much, so I came all the way to the Himalayas to see it. When Gesanghua reached the Himalayas, Saussurea involucrata was covered with snow and turned into a white flower. Gesanghua was very sad, so she became a flower to accompany Xuelian, and then they were together forever.
Mongolian legend
According to legend, during the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian troops entered Tibet, and Tibet was incorporated into the territory of China in the Yuan Dynasty. Mongolians brought the seeds of Cuiju from northern China to Tibet, where they took root and blossomed. That era was unprecedented prosperity in Tibetan history after the demise of the Tubo Dynasty. Ba Siba, awarded the title of "National Teacher" by Kublai Khan, created the brilliant Sakya Sect at that time, and successfully made the royal family of the Yuan Dynasty accept Tibetan Buddhism, and Ba Siba became the imperial teacher of the Yuan Dynasty. Cuiju, which was spread by Mongols, was planted in temples and many other people's homes. People called it "Gesanghua" at that time. The complete word of "Ge Sang" in Tibetan is "Geba Sanbu", which means times and generations, and "Sanbu" means prosperity. Together, it means "Flower of Prosperity".
Main logo
Because there is no unified plant identification for Gesanghua, the main representative plants are listed as follows:
1. Universe (Autumn English)
Picture appreciation of cosmos (plum blossom) (14)
Many people regard cosmos as Gesang flower, which has another name in Tibetan areas, called "Zhang Daren Flower". Searching for pictures of "Gesanghua" on the Internet, the universe of "Zhang Daren Flower" is also displayed more. Cosmos is native to Mexico and other parts of South America, and is also known as Autumn Sakura and Autumn Sakura (scientific name: Cosmos? Bidens bipinnata? Cavity? ) is a biennial herb of autumn English in Compositae. Although cosmos is a plant representing Gesanghua in many film and television works similar to Eight Petals Gesanghua, or in a large number of songs in periodicals and magazines in Tibet, Lhasa calls this flower "Zhang Daren Flower" because it was brought to Lhasa by Zhang, the minister stationed in Tibet in the late Qing Dynasty. It is said that in 1906, the Qing court appointed Zhang as the deputy commander-in-chief and went to Tibet to handle affairs as an envoy to Tibet to save the crisis of unreasonable government decrees. 1906 10 month, Zhang entered Tibet. I brought all kinds of flowers when I entered Tibet. After the trial planting, other flowers will not grow. Only one flower grows in the shape of "eight petals" and is cold-resistant. The petals are beautiful, the colors are different, the fragrance is like sunflower, and the fruit is like sunflower seeds. For a time, every household in Lhasa rushed to sow. This kind of flower has a strong vitality. Since it set foot on this vast land, it has spread rapidly to all parts of Tibet. However, no one knows the name of this flower, except that it was brought into Tibet by Zhang, the minister stationed in Tibet, hence the name "Zhang Daren". At that time, few people in Tibet knew Chinese, but many Tibetans could speak the word "Zhang Daren". Many Tibetan elderly people who can't speak Chinese can speak the three Chinese characters "Zhang Daren" fluently when talking about this flower [1]. Therefore, since the introduction of species into China, cosmos is definitely not a Gesang flower in the strict sense.
2. Astor and Astor.
Aster plants
From a purely botanical point of view, Gesanghua should belong to Aster and aster in Compositae? China? (Niels). In horticulture, people usually call the plants before and after the classification change "Aster". Aster in a broad sense also includes other adjacent genera, such as Aster minor. Calisti, Firth Cass. In Tibet. Many plants in Aster are not only traditional medicinal plants, but also like Aster. Suliere? Francci. ? ) can be used to treat diseases such as plague and poisoning, and other species of this genus have similar medicinal value, so it accords with the story of Ge Sang living Buddha in folklore. Cuiju, which was spread by Mongols, was planted in temples and many families in full bloom. This was an unprecedented era in Tibetan history after the demise of the Tubo Dynasty and Basiba became the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. When Ba Siba was appointed as a national teacher or an imperial envoy, he not only promoted Tibetan politics.
Shrub gold foil
In addition to the all-round development of economy and culture, it has made great contributions to the stability and development of the Yuan Dynasty and to the unity and cultural exchanges of all ethnic groups in the country. At that time, people called Cuiju "Gesanghua", which confirmed the meaning of "Gesanghua" and the folklore that Mongolian ancients brought Cuiju seeds to Tibet.
[13] Jin
In addition, there are some sayings [2] Potentilla of Rosaceae (Potentilla? Shrub tree? L.) Take Gesanghua as an example. Plum blossoms are widely distributed in the alpine areas of the northern hemisphere from the sub-cold zone to the north temperate zone. Strong cold resistance, can endure the low temperature of MINUS 50℃
symbolic meaning
In Tibet, people often express their beautiful feelings through Gesanghua, and there are also many songs and stories praising Gesanghua. Gesanghua has a high position in the hearts of Tibetan people, and is regarded as a sacred flower symbolizing love and good luck by Tibetan people. In the long history of Tibet, Gesanghua, as a spirit, exists in the hearts of Tibetan people and becomes a symbol of their pursuit of happiness, auspiciousness and good feelings. Beauty without flattery is often synonymous with describing a strong woman. Because it loves the sunshine on the plateau and is not afraid of cold, wind and frost, it is regarded as the most tenacious wild flower on the plateau. It is also the city flower of Lhasa, the capital of Tibet.
Derivative influence
Cultural activities
20 15 the first international gesanghua cultural festival in Lhasa, China
In 20 13, the leading group of developing the city by quality in Lhasa established the scientific research group of Gesanghua standardized demonstration area in Lhasa, China. It is planned to build Gesanghua International Plateau Gesanghua Festival in Lhasa, China by taking the establishment of Gesanghua standardized demonstration area as a breakthrough, through the research of standardized planting techniques, supporting commercial development projects and developing the medicinal value of Gesanghua.
From August 20 15 to August 15 10, the first China Lhasa International Gesanghua Culture Festival with the theme of "Flower World, Happy Nimu" was held in Nimu County Earth Dam Scenic Area. The main contents of the cultural festival include Tibetan song and dance performances, Tibetan calligraphy contest, Nimutumba intangible cultural heritage commodity exhibition, Nimutumba homemade experience, Gesanghua fairy escort and other activities.