Language is the most important communication tool for people to express their feelings and exchange ideas. All things, a little more complex, a little more prudent, usually beforehand to get out of a text book to, used to memorize or communicate with people." This" is the fundamental, throughout the whole process of work, both for the starting point and destination.
The production of film and television drama is a large-scale "project", the director of the "conceptualization of ideas" will not stop at a draft, will not just stay in the verbal, only to resort to words, it is more certainty, rigor. So, the director wrote down his "ideas", and issued to all the actors and actresses, so that it has become everyone's **** knowledge and agreement, which is "the basis of a play".
However, not many of these "texts" can also be called works of literature, because the "text" is intended to solve the problem of how to operate, as in the case of the "Bird's Nest" is a work of art, its design book and blueprints are not necessarily. Therefore, we usually see the situation is that many famous movie and television works, and not available to the general readers of the script published or circulated, it is not that the director does not have a text in hand, just do not have to or inconvenient to take out, which may be it does not have a "readability", can not be called a work of literature.
Ordinary text and literature is a large collection of words, but it is not, even if it can also be read, it is just like radio gymnastics, although it is also made up of body movements, but it is not a dance, not a work of art.
And even that doesn't necessarily mean that the image has to be described in words. This is not to say that the "idea" is not important, but the key to making a movie is not whether or not the "idea" is written, let alone whether or not the text is literary. In the days when culture was not so widespread and literature did not form a huge market, the improvisations of many artists "without a text" were very good, and for the sake of preservation and inheritance, there were more cases where the drama was created first, and then the text. Even today, the director of the film there is no need to make a literary work beforehand, there can be a clear expression of the text is enough to require film and television directors and literary authors in a two-pronged impracticality, artistic creation is concerned about the "specialized".
The director of the script does not need to overemphasize its literary, which is very simple: the director is not based on the script but on the film to meet with the audience. The director is in control of the entire process of the play, in addition to the text (such as the script) and the entire cast and crew to communicate, he has a more convenient channel to convey their intentions. Or in the scene with the actors "say the scene"; or to the cameraman, make-up artist to put forward the overall requirements; if in case of unexpected situations can also call the relevant personnel to discuss together, and so on. Therefore, the director directing with the text are generally removed from the branches and leaves, leaving only the fundamental, mostly outline type, and therefore, the text is difficult to say vivid image, and, it must also have many professional terms, it is not easy for general readers to read.
The text used for directing is not incapable of being literary, when language becomes an important medium for performing arts, such as stage drama, storytelling, singing and film drama, its dialogues, raps and off-screen explanations must be directly appealing to the audience, which is not free from being literary. As for saying that the script must be a literary genre, it is another situation: when the script comes out of the hands of a literary author, he realizes that the script not only serves the play, but also has the value of independent existence if it has a certain literary character. Because with personalized dialogue and lyrics or narration can be shaped into a successful artistic image, so that the script has every reason to become a tree in the literary arts, worth paying for.
The concept of literary script is based on the fact that there are non-literary scripts. Tang Xianzu's The Peony Pavilion is a literary play, and the dramatist is also a writer. The Peony Pavilion, which was put on stage by Bai Xianyong, has been called the modern youthful version, and the ancient version has become the modern version, which is still very youthful. It is conceivable that how he directs and performs the play is not enough to rely on a few simple stage hints other than the dialogues and lyrics of Peony Pavilion, but he must have another directing text, and even if this text is a little bit inferior to the modern version, how is it not the basis of a play?
Writing is a graphic symbol that replaces language, and is a product of civilization at a certain stage. There have always been instances of literature being separated from the performing arts of language. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a novel in chapters, which begins with "words" suggesting that the storyteller is the main character of the interpretation of the story, and the end of the "and listen to the next time to explain" is the "storytelling" line with "time" reflection, which shows that the novel in chapters evolved from the "book of words", which is the intention of the literati according to the bookteller orally or in writing to organize the fragmented stories, and then it became the bookteller's book of "scripture". The scripture". In other words, it was the popular "story-telling" profession that gave birth to "book-telling" literature, and "book-telling" literature enhanced the quality of the "story-telling" profession. Literature will always with the market demand, with the development of society and constantly evolve, due to the gradual popularization of culture, reading more people, listening to books will be fewer people, to the modern era, the storytelling field is nearly extinct, so the novel interpretation of the development of the results will become more appropriate to "read" and not suitable for "said", "Dream of Red Mansions" than the "Three Kingdoms" to be difficult to "said" much, modern stream of consciousness and other novels are afraid that can't be "said", so, novels become a kind of "storytelling" literature, and "book said" literature and enhance the quality of "storytelling" line. Thus, the novel became a completely independent form of literature, no longer a "book" for people to "talk". Not only the novel and the art of rap have a long history, poetry and song, lyrics and songs were originally one, but only later evolved into an independent poetry, lyrics literary genre.
As for mimes, dance dramas, and martial arts films, which are mainly based on the medium of body parts and physical movements, and which do not use language or very little of it, their texts are hardly literary at all.
[Literature and film]
Any art is the interpretation of human nature and human feelings, is a reflection of social life, it is the nature of the **** common point of the different artistic disciplines can be inspired by each other, each other the basis for reference. Not only in the specific skills, but also, different art categories of artistic images and their ability to show the spatial and temporal environment (scenarios and scenes) can be transplanted as a whole, and even the formation of new art varieties.
The art of film and television can be called a newcomer, it has digested and integrated the factors of literature, theater, art, photography, music and many other aspects.
The art of film and television from silent to sound, from black-and-white to color, from live action to computer stunts, indicating that the limitations of the art of film and television is gradually narrowing, the means of expression is becoming more and more perfect, which is a process of continuous development. In the silent era of the movie, Chaplin, who made a series of silent movies such as "City Lights", was called a master. However, the characters on screen could not use language, and simple subtitles alone could not explain the more complex characters and the more twisted story. Later, the film has a sound, but also still jealous of the characters of the dialogue and the author's commentary, because the sound effect is very poor, whether the sound quality, volume, timbre, tone are not realistic, to today, there is no sound is not a film, personalized character dialogue and wonderful concise commentary outside the picture greatly strengthen the expression of the art of film and television vitality, it is a large number of literary language into which, which is the real achievement of film and television art of glory.
However, each art has its own independence which cannot be replaced by the other, in other words, due to the different mediums used for artistic expression, different art categories have emerged, and their means, methods and rules of operation are also completely different.
The words (concepts) and sentences (judgments) used in literary creation are abstract but not intuitive, and must be recognized through the characters to be understood, and the artistic image created by written works can only emerge on the screen of the reader's imagination in the process of constantly interpreting words. The illiterate person is called illiterate, on the "Dream of Red Mansions" this kind of work, not only illiterate people can't contact, reading ability is poor also can't, without a few years, or even more than ten years of cultural background, simply can't taste it's artistic flavor, literature and art has always been the posture of nobility and elegance.
If it is said that literature must not be read close to a little "detached from the masses", then, film and television works are very "popular", it has sound and color, there is no "film and television blindness," said." Pleasant to see" so that it quickly obtained a huge share of the cultural market, and now, it seems that literature is also to be "marginalized" by it. However, we should still see, the use of words to express thoughts and feelings is accurate and precise, but also simple and convenient, for people to use, its practical value is very wide, as long as we are still using the language, there is no need for words, literature is even more unlikely to be replaced by other arts or "marginalized", literature leaves people reading interest is really unique: it gives people a broader, more personalized space for thinking and imagination, is a kind of "marginalization" of literature. and imagination space, is one of the most free and easy artistic enjoyment, you can cover the volume of contemplation, you can think about it, not like film and television works as people "dazzled", can not allow readers to chew and taste, which is also considered to be the "sound is better than the sound" it!
Taking "Silent Night Thoughts" as an example, "the moonlight in front of the bed, suspected to be the frost on the ground", different readers can be triggered by different feelings of life. This "bed" can be in the spring cold lonely hall, can be in the wilderness store, can be in the remote post station, can also be in the friend's building Zhu Ge, because no matter any one, will have their own nostalgia away from the complaint. Similarly, the reader's mind of the "bright moon", it may be in the middle of the sky bright moon, may be the willows of the moon, may be through the window of the cold moon, because each person will also have a different emotional environment. Here "bed", "moon", "frost", "doubt", "traveler", all are some abstract concepts, the reader's interpretation and feelings may be far apart, not that some people say that this "bed" is a sleeper, and some people test for the sitting? What exactly, in terms of literary works, these do not seem to be too important, it matters is the mood, is able to trigger the reader's experience of life, and thus in the mind of the formation of their own unique artistic image.
A 'doubt' word, a 'frost' word, a 'head up', a 'head down', for the end of the world traveler's homesickness, creating a lonely, cold and bleak mood, a section of the emotional ups and downs of the waves. And once the director of the text into the film and television images, it can only belong to the director's personal interpretation of the two lines of the words, different directors of the same words will have their own unique way of dealing with the same words and scenarios designed to deliberately pursue is the audience's recognition of the artistic treatment.
What is permitted to be omitted and unrealized in literature must be specified and determined in film and television. The "wanderer" appears, what he wears, what he wears, what he looks like, whether he sits on the edge of the bed or lies on the bed, whether he is in a trance or tossing and turning, all of these are clear at a glance and need not be imagined. The actor's 'performance' is not just 'head up' or 'head down', he has to add a series of detailed movements. In other words, the textual descriptions in the script are merely hints to the imagination of the director and the actors, and should not limit their room for re-creation.
[Readability and visibility]
Literature is the use of words to shape the artistic image of the skills and learning, it is "written" to "read", pay attention to the readability. This "readable" of "can", not just "can", but to make people feel good to read, love to read, read the heart can be. The so-called "readability" refers to the unique artistry of literary works, that is, literary.
Film and television is the art of filming and organizing the footage, it is projected to the people "see" and "hear". Video works well shot, if you want to use a "readability" as opposed to the word to describe, probably "visual", to produce a fascinating dynamic "visual" picture, which is the pursuit of film and television artists.
But the "visibility" that a movie or television production needs can only come from the visualization of the characters and landscapes on the set. It is absurd to ask for "visibility" in a script, which is only visible in black and white, and that would be to emasculate the literary quality it might have.
Literature in order to achieve "readable" for this purpose, you can use dozens of rhetorical techniques, such as long sentences and phrases, couplets, description, description, hyperbole, metaphor, anthropomorphism, etc., film and television creation of the use of the artistic means is to fade into and out of the superimposed print switching, fast and slow camera, computer stunts, etc., can be compared to the following sentences:
"Fifty years in the past": "half a century of instantaneous wind and clouds!
"Fifty years have passed": "Half a century has passed in a flash": "The old man returned to his hometown, stood in front of the hotel window, gazed into the distance, and like seeing the war of the year".
The three sentences of the sentence and rhetorical style are different, but the expression is basically the same meaning, however, which sentence "readable", which sentence is not "readable", leaving the whole work, it is difficult to comment, which can only be chosen by the literary author. Similarly, according to any of the above sentences, the director can visualize them: either with simple subtitles, or by switching between different periods of the scene, or by superimposing the old man's memories with an off-screen narration. It is the director's choice as to which shots are more "visual", because different artistic creations have different selection criteria.
[Literary author and movie director]
Literature and the art of film and television operation is also very different. The production of a film or television drama is a collective activity of a team centered on the director, whereas a literary author is always a "single person". While the director can mobilize thousands of troops and horses and set up a colorful scene, the literary author can only sleep and eat alone on the "grid", facing the expected readers and working hard on the text. The director is undoubtedly the master of the movie and television production, but the literary author is not his employees, in the whole process of literary creation, he has always held the pen in his own hands, with complete independence and autonomy of the qualification, as long as the endurance of loneliness and loneliness on the line. This is certainly not to say that the director can not have employees, screenwriter is an important member of the film and television; this is also not to say that the literary author can not join the director's team, but the actual situation: literary authors in the literary creation, precisely, in the director to read his work before they have no agreement, or perhaps do not know each other at all, the writing is not instructed to write, but only a literary work and the work of the embodiment of the artistic point of view has a It is possible that the writing is a bridge between them.
The authority of a play seems to be given by the director. What usually happens is that whoever directs comes up with the script. In the whole process of producing a movie or television drama, the dominant position is always the director. Not only the actors, artists, cameramen, make-up artists, etc., but also the screenwriters and investors, their efforts should serve the director's concept and pursuit of the art of film and television. Film and television drama originated in the director's creativity, the character image, the director also has a good idea, whether the script is the director's own handwriting or he commissioned the screenwriter to do, are the director's thoughts and emotions, said the director must be according to the book "guide", that is the relationship between the reversal of the other people in the cast and crew may be by the script for the "holy orders", the director but the need to at least in the process of filming to constantly modify his script! .
The writer and the director are independent in their respective fields, the pencil and the camera have different functions, they can cooperate with each other but can not replace each other. Provided by the literary author to the director of the film and television script must have literary, which is equally simple: literary works only through literary means, it is possible to create a good artistic image. For the director, if the script provided to him by others is not literary, it is the same as not providing the "fundamental" for the re-creation of the movie and television drama. It is conceivable that the director gets a literary work, and through reading it, the artistic image in the literary work will start to be active in his mind, and then inspire him to carry out the re-creation of his inspiration and passion. That is to say, if the director recognizes the theme and characters of a certain literary work and is excited by them, it only means that he has been moved by the literary nature of that work. Because the director first reads it as a reader, he can recognize the work itself and not others. So the key to getting a movie or TV show off the ground is whether or not the script is literary enough, even though it's ultimately up to the director to make the call.
People's interests and feelings towards different kinds of art works are quite different. For example, "instantaneous" is an exaggerated description of the loss of time, in literature, the reader is not difficult to accept, but in film and television, if you use the eyes of a turn of the lens to indicate that, I hope to adopt the maple love residence
This is the first time that I have seen a work of art in the world.