First of all, I would like to tell you about the general nature and characteristics of our folk songs:
Like other ancient peoples of the world, Chinese folk songs were born in the primitive hunting, rituals, marriages, herding and other activities of the ancestors and gradually spread up. Around the sixth century B.C., China's earliest collection of poems, the Book of Songs, was passed down in the form of singing, and its "four-word style" laid the foundation for the further development of Chinese folk songs.
After thousands of years of spreading, changing, innovating and accumulating, Chinese folk songs have, on the one hand, matured into a rich range of subjects and genres to suit different social classes and different folk scenes, and on the other hand, have accumulated national and regional characteristics under the specific circumstances of different ethnic groups and regions.
As a direct product of regional culture, folk songs are not only influenced by geomorphological conditions, but also blended with different languages and dialects and tones, so their national and regional characteristics and styles are almost inherent and prominent. Nowadays, most scholars of folk songs like to distinguish the styles of folk songs according to their geographical distribution, such as the "Jiangnan water town style" represented by Jiangnan ditties, the "Northwest highland style" represented by "Xintianyou" and "Hua'er", and the "Northwest highland style" represented by "Xintianyou" and "Hua'er". The "Northwest Plateau Style" represented by "Xintianyou" and "Huaer", and the "Northeast Plain Style" represented by "Northeastern Minor Ditty and "Two People's Opera".
The Shanxi Plateau, the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai Plateau west of the Taihang Mountains are collectively called the Northwest Plateau. Northwest folk songs refer to the folk song genres popular in this area, the most representative of which is the northern Shaanxi Province's "Letters to the Journey". The Northeast Folk Song is the collective name for the Han Chinese ditties that circulate in the three northeastern provinces, and its lyrics are a poetic expression of the language of life of the northeastern people, of which the more typical form is the "two-people turn".
Secondly, the deep and loving "Letter to the Sky" and the spicy and rough "Two People's Turn"
1, the representative of the Northwest Folk Song - "Letter to the Sky". "
"Xintianyou", also known as "Shuntianyou", is a special genre of folk songs in northern Shaanxi, best representing the charm of northern Shaanxi folk songs. Northern Shaanxi folk songs are y influenced by the region and culture, especially by the unique geographic location and lifestyle of the Loess Plateau, and the individuality of "Shun Tian You" is very obvious.
Love songs are the essence of Xintiayou, which are called acid songs. Among the more famous songs, such as "Orchid Flower", "Going West" and so on, these songs reflect the "Xintiayou" in the artistic approach, that is, more than the use of simile, the object to express the will, through the scenery, the lyric, and the tune is beautiful and catchy. The musical characteristics of "Journey to the Heaven of Letters" are mainly manifested in its free rhythm, simplicity and generosity, and its long and high pitch. The sentence structure is very special, generally two lines per stanza, two lines with one rhyme, and the next stanza may or may not change the rhyme. A short song may have only one stanza, but a long one may have dozens of stanzas or even hundreds of stanzas in a row.
The unique artistic style of the "Journey to the Heaven of Letters" played a great role in promoting the development of Chinese folk songs, and its unique and beautiful melody became a classic of Chinese folk songs through the innovations of the following generations of artists, such as "Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang" composed by Li Ji, and "Returning to Yan'an" by He Jingzhi, etc., all of which were composed through the "Journey to the Heaven of Letters" style. The format of "Letter to the World" has been created and sung for a long time.
2. Representatives of Northeastern Folk Songs - "Errenwang"
"Errenwang", also known as "Bun Bun", is a popular and unique folk song in the Northeastern region. The "Errenjuan", also known as "bouncing", is a popular folk art in the Northeast region with a strong local color, and has a history of development of more than three hundred years so far. It has a history of more than three hundred years. The language of its songs is easy to understand, humorous and full of life. Initially, the "two-people turn" was performed by the daytime rice-planting artists in the evening singing Northeast folk songs (commonly known as "small rice-planting songs"), and later, with the increase in the number of residents in Guannai, the "two-people turn" in the Later, with the increase of residents in Guannai, the "Two-Man Turn" gradually evolved from the original Northeast Rice-planting Songs and Northeast Folk Songs by absorbing Lotus Flower Flower Drops, Northeast Drums, Taiping Drums, King's Whip, Hebei Clappers, Donkey Skin Shadows, and Folk Jokes and other forms of art. Therefore, the performance forms and singing voices are very rich.
The musical characteristics of the "two-people turn" are mainly manifested in its colorful music singing, which is known as "nine cavities and eighteen tunes, seventy-two hi sea". The structure of the song is a combination of songs, the accumulation of songs about more than three hundred, the more common fifty-six. Due to the many characteristics of its lyrics and melody, "Duorenjuansheng" still needs to rely on the singers to play during the performance. For example, in the performance, the male-female duo sings in the same voice and in the same key, and at the same time dances with props such as fans and three handkerchiefs. After the actresses take part in the performance, both men and women sing in the same voice, but the actresses have to sing with their own voices, which are an octave higher than those of the men. The accompaniment of "Two People's Opera" is relatively rich, with the sound of strong personality of suona, Banhu to drag the tone, with the sound of crisp bamboo as a percussive instrument. Due to the cooperation of these personalized sound and instrumental music, coupled with the dance in the song, dance in the song of the performance atmosphere, highlighting the Northeast folk songs that kind of simplicity, spiciness, bright, bright, fiery, rugged artistic personality of the beauty.
The beauty of the difference between the Northwest Folk Song and the Northeast Folk Song
1, the singing form
Northwest Folk Song "Letters to the Journey" is sung in the form of a soloist, while the Northeast Folk Song "two people" is performed by more than two people. The performance of the Northeast folk song "Duoyanjuan" is mostly performed by more than two people. "In the process of singing, the instrumental requirements are not high, and it adopts the form of singing, or simple melodic instruments, while the "two-people turn" is performed by more than two performers, and sometimes it needs to use multiple voices, and there are solos, pairs of voices, and repetitions in the performances, There are solo, duet, repetitive, and combined lead singing, etc. At the same time, there is more demand for accompanying instruments, and hand-held props, such as umbrellas and sarongs, have been added to emphasize its characteristics.
2, beat, tune
The beats of "Letters to the Gods" and "Two People's Opera" belong to the regular beat, and both have certain tunes, but due to regional differences, there are great differences between the two. In terms of tuning, "Albatross" adopts a relatively unique, special scale with the folk music style of northern Shaanxi, such as the seven-tone scale composed of clear horns and clear plosives (known as the "Bitter Tone" tuning by local artists). In the "two-people" tuning, the徴 tuning is the most common, followed by the Gong tuning and the Feather tuning, and the horn tuning is the least common.
3, Format and Liner, Liner
Most of the tunes of "Albatross" are in the form of a single section, which is shorter in length, and most of the phrases are in line with those of the lyrics. The structure of each section is based on symmetrical relationship, and the function is clear. In the case of "Two-Man Revolving", which is a highly performative ditty, several different tunes are sung to form a two- or more-part suite, which makes the performance of "Two-Man Revolving" characterized by the performance of music in the form of opera music. Liner and liner notes are a special means of song expression most commonly used in Chinese folk songs. The liner notes originally come from the tone of voice, exclamation or onomatopoeia, etc., which themselves have strong musicality and the function of expressing feelings. When the tunes of folk songs develop to the point where they are bound by the general statement of the lyrics, they often utilize the liner notes to bring the melody into greater play. The fragments of the choruses are called liner notes, and the liner notes are either big or small, and the liner notes that make up the complete phrase are called "liner notes". This feature is very obvious in the singing of "two-people turn", the so-called "nine cavities and eighteen tunes, seventy-two hi sea", in fact, it is precisely the "two-people turn" on the liner notes and liner notes on the flexible use, on the contrary, "Xinxin" is the most popular song in the world. In contrast, "Albatross" is weaker in this regard.
To sum up, the same is from the folk of the Northwest folk songs and Northeast folk songs, although both have a deep folk color, but they are in the tune, lyrics and performances are very different, which on the one hand by the Northwest and Northeast of the two places of the region, folklore, and labor and production methods of the impact, on the other hand, also reflects the people of the two places of the inherent character of the inner needs of the differences, and these differences create a Chinese folk songs of the strange. As one artist said, difference is the key to the success of Chinese folk songs. As one artist said, difference is a kind of beauty. When we say "one side of the soil and water nurtures one side of the people", we are in fact emphasizing the dominant role played by regional differences in the diversity of art forms.
The creation and development of folk songs are inextricably linked to social conditions, economic changes, and the material life of the people. In the new century, the wave of global integration has had a great impact on the creation of folk songs, and it is of great significance to look for the differences between the folk songs of the Northwest and the Northeast in such a big context.