Chongqing is a megacity in the inland of China. It hangs on the map of the world in the United Nations Hall, with only the names of four cities in China, one of which is Chungking. Our city has unique natural geography and distinct human geography. Almost everyone who comes here can feel a strong visual impact and spiritual shock. You can't find a city like Chungking in China. In Chongqing, you can easily experience the intersection and collision between tradition and modernity, history and future.
I. City of Mountains and Waters-Topography and Urban Endowment Surrounded by Mountains and Waters Chongqing is called the "City of Mountains and Waters" because it has Daba Mountain in the north, Wushan Mountain in the east, Wuling Mountain in the southeast and Dalou Mountain in the south. The general terrain trend is inclined from north to south to the Yangtze River basin, with great ups and downs. The landform is mainly hilly and mountainous, with a large slope, and typical karst landscapes such as stone forest, peak forest, caves and canyons are distributed. The whole city of Chongqing is mountainous and undulating. The main city of Chongqing and many districts and counties are completely located in mountainous areas and are typical "mountain cities". Besides mountains, Chongqing has more water. There are many rivers in Chongqing, and the main stream of the Yangtze River traverses the whole territory from west to east, with a total length of 665km. Jialing River comes from the northwest and bends into the Yangtze River. Chongqing section of the main stream of the Yangtze River gathers five tributaries, including Jialing River, Qujiang River, Fujiang River, Wujiang River and Daning River, and hundreds of small rivers. Together with Changshou Lake, Xiaonanhai Lake and Qinglong Lake, the total annual water resources are about 500 billion m3, ranking first in the country in terms of water area per square kilometer. It is almost no exaggeration to say that the whole city of Chongqing stands in the water. Chongqing's climate belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate, with hot summer and warm winter, wet and cloudy, high temperature, long rainy season, less frost and snow, cloudy days and high humidity. At the turn of spring and summer, it always rains at night and clears up during the day. This unique climate has created a poetic "late rain". Li Shangyin, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote Notes for Northern Friends on a Rainy Night in Chongqing, which vividly described the climate characteristics of Chongqing on a rainy night. "When you ask about the untimely return date, it will rain in the autumn pond. Why * * * wants to cut candles at the west window, but wants to talk about the late rain? " . Late rain has become a deeply yearning artistic conception and a symbol of Chongqing's poetic dwelling. The most prominent feature of Chongqing urban area is continuous mountains and rivers, ups and downs, strong three-dimensional sense and strong sense of hierarchy. The urban area is located at the intersection of the Yangtze River and Jialing River, surrounded by mountains, and the main urban area is surrounded by water on three sides. The whole city is built on the mountain and the river, and it is layered. The Yangtze River and Jialing River pass through the city, and roll eastward after meeting at Chaotianmen. The slopes and roads in the city are steep, the buildings overlap, and the mountains and the city are integrated. The city is in the mountains, the mountains are in the water, there are cities in the mountains, there are mountains in the cities, the mountains are the cities, and the cities are the mountains. Therefore, Chongqing is both a "mountain city" and a "river city". As a big city, Chongqing is the only city in China that is completely built on a mountain surrounded by two rivers. The green coverage rate of the main urban area is above 27. 1%, and architecture and nature are integrated into one, forming a unique landscape garden city. Moreover, the landscape gardens in Chongqing are all natural and primitive landscapes, and there is no need to add rockeries and rocks, which is rare in other big cities. "There are mountains and no water, and there are water and no mountains." Mountain is the pride of Chongqing, which has created the atmosphere and boldness of Chongqing people. Water is the tenderness of Chongqing, which gives Chongqing people agility and intelligence. It is mountains and water that cast the soul of Chongqing and the temperament of Chongqing people. Confucius said, "The knower enjoys water, while the benevolent enjoys Leshan." Chongqing, a modern metropolis, is our great happiness to get straight to the point, see the water when going out, see the green outside the window, and be so zero distance from nature. The city flower of Chongqing is designated as camellia, because Chongqing has mountains and water and humid air, which is very suitable for camellia growth. It is widely planted in public places, scenic spots, courtyards and terraces in Chongqing. Camellia has won the love of Chongqing citizens with its bright and dazzling colors and passionate flowers. Chongqing tree is an Castanopsis fargesii tree, with tenacious vitality, deep roots and luxuriant leaves, high temperature resistance and moisture resistance, and it can hold its head high in the wind even on cliffs. This kind of tree is rooted in the land of Bayu, and with its rich and lush branches and leaves, it inspires the children of Shancheng to strive for self-improvement. Camellia and litchi have become symbols of Chongqing's urban style.
Second, a vibrant city-the great spirit and weather of Chongqing's modern city
(1) The city square is full of verve and generous in fashion culture. There are many roads in Chongqing, but few plains. Therefore, Chongqing people have a profound square plot and built many squares that even plain cities can't compare with. Chongqing's squares are organically combined with commercial circles and pedestrian streets, making the number and scale of squares in Chongqing rare in the country. Jie Fangbei, Jiangbei, Nan 'an, Shapingba and Yangjiaping, the main urban areas of Chongqing, are all large-scale squares, which are not only pedestrian streets with different styles, but also five popular shopping districts. Chaotianmen Square, which integrates the functions of water collection, land transportation hub, tourism and citizens' leisure, is a distinctive landmark building in new Chongqing, and an excellent place to overlook the intersection of the two rivers and enjoy the shuttle scenery of river cruise. The Three Gorges Square is divided into four parts: Green Art Park, Commercial and Cultural Street, Celebrity Sculpture Park and Three Gorges Landscape Park. It is a large city square integrating commerce, culture, landscape and leisure. Jiefang North Central Shopping Plaza is a symbol of a prosperous city, and its pedestrian street is the grandest and largest in western China. Some people say, "Walking in Jie Fangbei is like walking in Manhattan, new york". People's Square is composed of the magnificent Great Hall of the People, the square in front of it and the modern building Three Gorges Museum opposite. It is a municipal, cultural and leisure square in Chongqing, and also a place for large-scale gatherings and activities in the city. Every night, nearly a thousand people jump on the dam (the square) spontaneously. This spectacular group dance scene has become a major feature of China's characteristic square culture and Chongqing. The central leaders came to Chongqing and were very happy to see the warm scene of the dam dance in People's Square, and enjoyed it with the people.
(2) Three-dimensional traffic landscape and flowing melody. Chongqing's transportation city is very distinctive, and a three-dimensional transportation network of "water", "land" and "air" has been built. The so-called "water" is far from a traditional wooden boat, but also includes hydrofoil boats, luxury tourist boats, river-crossing bridges and other modern water transportation tools and facilities. Especially worth mentioning is the bridge in Chongqing. The bridge in Chongqing is not a small bridge in the south of the Yangtze River, but a bridge across a natural moat. There are many bridges in Chongqing, which are unique in the world and even have the reputation of "Bridge Capital". Of the 56 bridges built or under construction on the Yangtze River, 23 are in Chongqing, ranking first in the whole basin. On the two rivers in the main urban area, four large modern bridges with different styles, such as Yangtze River Bridge, Masangxi Bridge, Lijiatuo Bridge, Egongyan Bridge, Big Buddha Temple Bridge, huanghuayuan bridge Bridge, Yu 'ao Bridge, Gaojia Garden Bridge, Shimen Bridge and Jialing River Bridge, have been built/kloc-0.4, and another six are under construction. There are not only a large number of bridges in Chongqing, but also various types, including arch bridges, cable-stayed bridges, suspension bridges, continuous steel bridges and T-shaped steel bridges. And all kinds of bridges in China are available in Chongqing. It can be said that Chongqing is the largest bridge museum in China. Bridges, like the spreading wings of a fast-taking city, have become a rainbow that adorns the city. The so-called "land" naturally refers to land transportation. Chongqing's land transportation is outstanding and colorful, with modern highways, main roads, stone steps (Chongqing people call it "Buling") and mountain roads with nine twists and turns. The roads and streets in the main city meander at the foot of the mountain, hover on the mountainside and fluctuate on the ridge. In Chongqing, walking is a great pleasure, which makes you feel the pleasure of "seven ups and eight downs"; In Chongqing, taking the bus is also a great pleasure, which makes you feel that taking the bus is like taking a boat, with ups and downs and being addicted. The so-called "empty" does not refer to Chongqing's international air transport, but refers to many scenic ropeways such as Luonan Mountain, Gele Mountain and Nanquan, such as the cable car at Chaotianmen Wharf like a bucket and the urban light rail like a ribbon between high-rise buildings in the city, with a total length of112m, ranking the longest and steepest in Asia. These modern means of transportation are varied, especially the river-crossing cableway connecting two big rivers in Chongqing, which is unique in China. Tourists ride on it, just like walking in the clouds, with a kind of surprise and happiness of flying in the air, and slowly appreciate the natural beauty surrounded by mountains and rivers in Chongqing. It can be said that the three-dimensional and diversified traffic has increased the sense of movement of the city, like a flowing melody, and it is a magnificent symphony of modern city Chongqing.
(3) The night view of the mountain city is spectacular. The night view of Chongqing is famous since ancient times, and it is one of the "Twelve Scenes of Bayu" during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. A beautiful night is unforgettable, just like a splash-ink freehand brushwork landscape painting, which is poetic in obscurity. The patchwork buildings are surrounded by mountains and rivers, and boats shuttle through the river day and night, creating objective conditions for the beautiful and charming night view of the mountain city. No matter how beautiful the ancient night scene is, it can only be the dim light of oil lamps, candles and torches, which is difficult to illuminate the whole city. Nowadays, urban construction is changing with each passing day, and rivers, mountains and rivers, cities, buildings and roads are developing harmoniously. Thousands of lights and flashing neon lights decorate Chongqing's night dreamily and brilliantly. The lights are reflected in the rippling river, strewn at random, like beating notes. Under the colorful lights, the new Chongqing is not only beautiful on the banks of mountains and rivers, but also in every corner of the city. Chongqing at this time is clear, prosperous, perfect and pleasing to the eye. The charm of Chongqing night lies in the combination of rigidity and softness, and the combination of reality and reality. Climbing the "tree" of Nanshan, you can get a panoramic view of the night view of the mountain city: the high-rise buildings rising from the main city are covered with dazzling neon lights, which illuminate the night sky brightly; Binjiang road's orange lights are connected into an elegant ribbon, like a dancing dragon, full of vitality and vitality, and glow with youthful vitality; On the sparkling river, thousands of lights are reflected in the water, forming countless gold and silver pillars. Seven colors of light are intertwined, full of poetry and painting. The whole city of Chongqing is like a magnificent floating palace, beautiful and hazy. The Ministry of Construction has included Chongqing Lighting in the first batch of urban lighting construction projects in China for high-standard planning, and will build Chongqing Night Scene with the best foundation and the greatest potential into a more international and modern Chongqing Night Scene and a more attractive China business card.
(4) The beauty on the big stage is like a cloud, which makes people envy the big scenery. Chongqing is rich in beautiful women, and it is a city where people can only rely on beautiful women to linger. Jie Fangbei Pedestrian Street is the place with the largest number of beautiful girls gathered and seen in the world. "Three Steps Maggie Cheung, Five Steps Brigitte Lin" describes the number of beautiful women in Jie Fangbei. There is a sea of flowers, and the pedestrian street is like a huge beauty platform. The whole street is full of beautiful women, which makes people see things in a blur. Beauty expert Jin Yanxi also said that the most beautiful woman in China is in Chongqing. There is a very popular word in Chongqing called "looking up to the sky", which refers to the scanning eye on a bench in the street of Jie Fangbei. In layman's terms, it is called "eyes live" and in elegant terms, it is called "delicious". Girls in Chongqing are slim, with delicate skin, and are naturally watery and gentle. Chongqing girl is a kind of energetic girl, sometimes gentle as water, sometimes passionate, both delicate and masculine. Their character of daring to love and hate is famous all over the country. They are generous, bold, generous, cheerful, capable and outspoken, with the character of northerners and the beauty of southerners. They will be very loyal, and even a young lady can argue with you loudly; They dare to wear, dare to dress up, and don't follow the rules. They are always so avant-garde, so they keep up with fashion and even lead the trend. The reason why Chongqing girls are beautiful and generous is because of the humid geographical environment, the influence of food culture and the advantages of immigrating to cities. Chongqing is like a natural beauty salon. Girls don't rely on cosmetics to moisturize. Many rivers and a lot of hot spring water, as well as humid climate, have natural moisturizing function. Moist air keeps the skin moist for a long time. Chongqing has steep slopes and steep roads, and it is necessary to climb over the ridge everywhere. It is impossible to exercise, which gives Chongqing girls a good figure and bodybuilding vitality. This kind of natural bodybuilding does not need to lose weight or worry about hair. Chongqing women are the most attractive women in the world. Beautiful women are like clouds, which is a beautiful landscape in Chongqing.
Third, the city of passion-honest and frank, Chongqing people, generous personality.
(A) people's character is the style of the city, honest, frank and generous, magnificent. Chongqing lives in Bayu mountain area, and its character is branded with the natural landscape of mountains and rivers. The regional characteristics have caused the heroic and bold character of Chongqing people: the mountains and rivers make Chongqing men warm, tough and heroic, and their daughters gentle and heroic; The climate and environment have shaped the fiery temper of Chongqing people: the air here is moist and the days are moist, and the water can come out as soon as it is pinched. The sun is hot here, and the temper is hot, so it can burn up a little. The humanistic tradition determines that there is an indomitable spirit of struggle in the veins of Chongqing people: when Mongolian fighters swept across Europe and Asia, the Yuan army went south to Sichuan, ready to seize Chongqing, and then went downstream to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty. Unexpectedly, after 36 years of fighting in Chongqing, repeated attacks failed, and finally Khan Mengge, known as the European "whip of God", died in the fishing city with a grudge. Chongqing fishing village has become a place to rewrite world history. (1July, 259, Mongolian Khan Mungo died in Fishing City, which created a vacuum of Mongolia's highest power, and led to a large-scale invasion of Europe by Mongolian soldiers from all walks of life, and they came to Moscow to compete for Khan's position, which made the history of Europe develop to the point where we all know it now. Honest and frank, Chongqing people, known throughout the country for their boldness. The word "Xiong Qi" roared by Chongqing fans is a cry of men, which embodies a kind of masculinity and urban style, that is, "Male Chongqing". One of Chongqing people's favorite words is "be honest with each other". "Honesty and frankness" is synonymous with integrity, sincerity, decisiveness, fairness, no hypocrisy and no affectation in Chongqing population. These meanings all come from Chongqing people's bold and strong character, rough and tough, optimistic and open-minded, upright and upright, tenacious and brave, hard-working, enthusiastic and hardworking. "Zaier" is the most typical dialect in Chongqing, which generally refers to Chongqing people who are full of vigor and personality. "Chongqing baby" is recognized and praised by Chongqing people everywhere. Chongqing is a typical immigrant city. There have been six great immigrants in history, and only two in modern history: heroes from all walks of life gathered here during the Anti-Japanese War, and a large number of enterprises moved in. The "Third Line Construction" (1964 to 1978) has carried out large-scale national defense, science and technology, industry and transportation in the central and western regions 13 provinces. The clan culture of villagers' villages and towns, the gang culture of house boat Wharf, the secular culture of citizens' metropolis, the comprehensive immigrant culture accompanying the capital during the Anti-Japanese War, the immigrant culture in third-line enterprises, and the open immigrant culture of Chongqing directly under the central government have formed the broad and inclusive character of Chongqing people who are hospitable, open, novel and receptive to all corners of the country. Therefore, Chongqing people have a very open mind, and Chongqing city has a very open atmosphere, which leads to the city's generosity, passion and infinite tension.
(2) "Spicy and crispy" is cooked in one pot, and hot pot culture represents urban culture. Chongqing hot pot originated from the life of boatmen on the riverside, and its cultural essence is Chongqing's dock culture. Dock culture is an eclectic and innovative culture, and Chongqing hot pot is a way of life that caters to this cultural demand, so it is becoming more and more popular and spreading more and more widely. The key to eating Chongqing hot pot is to eat a happy atmosphere and a free and complacent scene. Chongqing hot pot has been recognized and loved by the world, and it is famous all over the country. Become the most popular food famous product and the hot stamping "business card" of Chongqing food culture. As a representative of Chongqing cuisine, Chongqing hot pot has become a wonderful flower in China's food culture. When Chongqing people return to Chongqing from other places, the first thing to do when they get off the ship or plane is to go straight to the hot pot restaurant for a big meal. Authentic Chongqing hot pot can only be eaten in Chongqing, especially in small shops in the streets. In the hot summer, Chongqing people can often see the scene of blowing an electric fan behind their backs, scalding hot pot on their chests and eating very enjoyable. Eating hot pot is like steaming sauna. When you eat, you sweat profusely and feel refreshed after dinner. Chongqing people are delicious and famous all over the country. Chongqing people turn "eating" into an experience that blends into the natural landscape, which is called "landscape-specific catering". Chongqing people's favorite place to eat is either mountains or water. The binjiang cuisine in Nanshan, Geleshan and Liangjiang is connected with beautiful scenery. Sitting by the river or in a steamboat restaurant, watching the beautiful night scene, tasting delicious and refreshing food, and dining in the countryside is not only fast! Chongqing people like to be lively, unconventional and innovative, but chefs don't like to cook according to recipes. Folk chefs often create various new dishes, which spread in Chongqing and then spread to the north and south of the country. There are many delicious things in Chongqing, such as famous Chongqing dishes: spicy chicken, spring chicken, tile chicken, saliva chicken, bamboo shoot chicken, Anping chicken, roast cock, beggar chicken, bangbang chicken, bandit chicken, mountain mushroom roasted pheasant, Qianjiang chicken offal and so on. Ducks include beer duck, Xiangtan duck, Zhangcha duck, Cordyceps duck, old duck soup, drunk duck in the bubble jar and so on. Fish include dried fish, crispy fish, spicy fish, boiled fish, Laifeng fish, pickled fish, hot pot fish, Taian fish, sour soup fish, Wujiang fish, Baidu fish, bean curd fish, Sanmei fish and post office crucian carp. There are also some folk specialties in Chengkou, such as fried eel, Chili snail, Maoxuewang, spicy crab, pickled bullfrog, goose head, rabbit meat and roasted bacon. If you want to try Chongqing snacks, you'd better go to the "delicious street" on Jiefang North Bayi Road, where you can eat Kouzi chicken, shredded chicken bean curd, Dongdongbao, cold noodles, bean jelly in northern Sichuan, salted duck feet, hot and sour rice noodles and so on. There are also famous snacks such as crossing the bridge to make wonton soup, Dandan Noodles, glutinous rice balls with chicken oil and fermented grains, which will make you eat enough, except that your stomach is not big enough. Eating Chongqing food has a pleasant feeling. Chongqing is a city that makes people drool. Chongqing is a place suitable for living and sightseeing: there are many beautiful scenery in Chongqing. Hot pot is spicy, mind your mouth! The air humidity is high and beautiful! There are many mountain roads, so keep fit! Surrounded by mountains and forests, moist! ……
4. "Ancient City"-Chongqing has a long history and culture. Chongqing is a famous historical and cultural city in China, and the Three Gorges area centered on Chongqing is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. About 2 million years ago, there lived an Australopithecus named "Wushan Man" in Wushan. They are one of the oldest primitive humans on the earth discovered by archaeology so far. Daxi culture in the east of Chongqing and Tongliang culture in the west are typical representatives of Paleolithic culture and Neolithic culture. The splendid Three Gorges culture was born in the Three Gorges area, and the prestigious Bayu culture was also bred in it. The history of Chongqing is the history of building its capital three times, opening to the outside world three times and being directly under the central government three times. Third Capital Establishment: The first capital establishment was in 1 1 century BC, and the Ba people established the capital of ancient Pakistan in Chongqing, called Jiangzhou. Because Jialing River joins the Yangtze River here, Jialing River was called Yushui in ancient times, and Yuzhou was established here in Sui Dynasty, so Chongqing is called "Chongqing" for short. Because it is the hidden territory of Song Guangzong Zhao Dun, the son of the Southern Song Dynasty, it is called "Chongqing House" to celebrate the double happiness. The name "Chongqing" has lasted for more than 800 years. The second time was at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty made Chongqing its capital. The third time was during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, when the National Government moved its capital to Chongqing and became the wartime capital of China, which was declared as the capital in 1940. At that time, it was the highest headquarters of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the anti-fascist war, the political, economic and cultural center of China's rear area, and the base of the Chinese nation's resistance against Japan and national salvation. Opening ports for three times: the first time was 189 1 year, when foreign powers forced Chongqing to open ports, and Chongqing officially became a foreign trade port and a "gateway" for western powers to Sichuan and even the southwest. Among the remote inland areas of China, Chongqing is the earliest open city. This opening-up has made Chongqing an industrial and transportation center and a central city in the mainland. The second opening is 1937. Due to the invasion of Japanese imperialism, a large number of enterprises and talents poured in, which made Chongqing complete the process of urban modernization in the process of national defense. Chongqing has become an international metropolis. The third opening was after 1978, and Chongqing took the initiative to join the tide of reform and opening up, becoming the first pilot city and a city with separate plans for comprehensive economic system reform in China. This conscious opening has accelerated the process of Chongqing's modernization, and Chongqing has become a modern megacity. Three municipalities directly under the central government: the first municipality directly under the central government was in 1935, and Chongqing was upgraded to a municipality directly under the central government by the national government. After the National Government returned to Nanjing, Chongqing remained a municipality directly under the Central Government. In the early days of the founding of New China, Chongqing became a municipality directly under the Central Government, the seat of the Southwest Bureau of the Central Committee, the Southwest Military and Political Committee and the Southwest Military Region, and the political, economic and cultural center of the southwest region. 1954 was revoked, and Chongqing became a municipality directly under the jurisdiction of Sichuan province. The third municipality is in1March, 997 14. After deliberation and approval by the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress, Chongqing officially became the fourth municipality directly under the Central Government in China, and was once again established as a municipality directly under the Central Government, turning a new page in the history of Chongqing's construction and development.
Three Gorges of the Yangtze River: The Three Gorges is a section of the Yangtze River. To understand the Three Gorges, we must first understand the Yangtze River. Everyone is familiar with Song of the Yangtze River, right? "You are coming from the snow-capped mountains, and the spring tide is your style; You rushed to the East China Sea, and the stormy waves were your generosity. You feed children of all ethnic groups with sweet milk; You roll up mountains and seas with strong arms. We praise the Yangtze River, you are an endless source; We are connected to the Yangtze River, and you have the feelings of a mother. " This song has become a classic melody of China music. It vividly depicts the magnificent twists and turns of the Yangtze River and expresses the majestic atmosphere of the Yangtze River water rushing all the way from the snow-capped mountains. The Yangtze River is the largest river in China, which originates from the southwest side of the main peak of Tanggula on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with a total length of more than 6,300 kilometers, ranking third in the world. The drainage area is 6,543,800,000 square kilometers. It accounts for about 36% of the total river runoff in China, and the water volume ranks third in the world, second only to Sunlin River and Congo River, equivalent to 20 times that of the Yellow River. There are thousands of tributaries in the Yangtze River, with 49 main tributaries including Yalong River, Minjiang River, Jialing River, Wujiang River and Hanjiang River. The basin areas of Jialing River, Minjiang River and Yalong River are all over 65,438+10,000 square kilometers. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the most concentrated areas of freshwater lakes in China, including Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Great Lake and Chaohu Lake. The common names of different rivers in the Yangtze River are: Tuotuo River and Tongtian River above Batang Estuary in Yushu County, Qinghai Province; Sichuan Batang estuary to Yibin Minjiang estuary is called Jinsha River; Yibin to Yichang, Hubei, commonly known as Chuanjiang; The area around the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is called Xiajiang; From Zhicheng, Hubei to Chenglingfan, Yueyang, Hunan, it is commonly known as Jingjiang; The section below Zhenjiang in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province was named after the Yangtze River ferry in ancient times. Yang Zijiang now refers to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River below Wuhan. The Yangtze River is full of rivers, mountains and valleys. It is vast and magnificent, forming a world-famous Grand Canyon from Chongqing to Hubei, and creating a magnificent 100-mile landscape corridor of the Three Gorges. The Three Gorges is the general name of Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge. Naturally speaking, the Three Gorges is the symbolic reach of the beautiful Yangtze River, and culturally speaking, the Three Gorges is a colorful movement of the Yangtze River civilization. The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is like a magical natural picture, a cultural and artistic corridor. It is a national-level tourist attraction integrating sightseeing, scientific research, art appreciation, cultural research, folk customs and architectural inspection. Magnificent landscape, heavy history and culture and numerous places of interest make the Three Gorges a famous golden tourist route in China and a world-famous tourist attraction. Because of the Three Gorges, the Yangtze River has become more magnificent and the scenery has become extraordinarily beautiful. The scenery of the Three Gorges is the essence of the scenery of the Yangtze River and a treasure in the landscape of China. Throughout the ages, the Three Gorges has left a poet and a poet's eternal swan song, and the Three Gorges tourism has always been the constant theme of the Yangtze River. The Three Gorges exists because of the Yangtze River, and the Yangtze River is proud of it. American Roosevelt once said that every American must visit the Colorado Grand Canyon, because it is thrilling to carve slowly in time. Compared with the roughness of the pure sandy gully in the Colorado Grand Canyon, the Three Gorges perfectly combines mountains, water and human landscapes, and is the only one among the five grand canyons in the world that can visit the Grand Canyon by boat. There are many rivers and grand canyons in the world, but either there are rivers without canyons or there are canyons without rivers. China has only the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, with both famous rivers and magnificent canyons. If the Yangtze River is a symphony, then entering the Three Gorges will begin its most colorful movement. Part II: The Three Gorges (introducing the geographical evolution of the Three Gorges) is a masterpiece of nature. There are many beautiful legends about the formation of the Three Gorges. The most typical and widespread saying is "Dayu talks", which means that the mainstream of the Yangtze River does not flow through the Three Gorges at first, but through the Gunanjiang River. At that time, due to the flood in the world, Dayu decided to Wushan, making the river flow eastward, and finally making the Yangtze River flow eastward to five lakes (Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Taihu Lake, Hongze Lake and Chaohu Lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River). Since then, the water in the Three Gorges has been unblocked, and the mainstream of the Yangtze River has changed from the current river course (that is, the Beijiang River). Historical records show that Dayu guided the Yangtze River to govern the Three Gorges. Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhuge Liang in the Han Dynasty, Guo Pu in the Jin Dynasty, Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty and other celebrities have all discussed it. These beautiful myths and legends about the formation of the Three Gorges only reflect the strong desire of the ancient people in the long-term struggle against floods. From the geological development, it is obvious that the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is not an artificial excavation or an ingenious work, but the result of land-sea changes and river development caused by strong orogeny. The great changes in the landforms of the Three Gorges can be described as vicissitudes of life. In ancient times, the Three Gorges area was a part of Wang Yang. 10.8 billion years ago, the Indosinian orogeny united South China and North China into a whole. China's topography is high in the east and low in the west, and the southwest is still a part of the ancient Mediterranean. The ancient Yangtze River flows from east to west to the ancient Mediterranean. 70 million years ago, the Yanshan movement caused the Wushan Mountains to rise from north to south, cutting off the ancient Yangtze River. As a result, the ancient Yangtze River east of Wushan flows eastward, while the ancient Yangtze River west of Wushan still flows westward. 40 million years ago, in the early Cenozoic era, the Himalayan orogeny was extraordinary, which made the western part of China rise rapidly, forming the roof of the highest peak in the world and the topography of the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and China, forcing the vast water in the west to flow eastward, scouring and cutting the Wushan Mountains that blocked the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River rushes from left to right, and finally the turbulent waves split Wushan and took the road to rush, forming the majestic and unique Three Gorges Grand Canyon. From now on, the Yangtze River will always be a "river of no return" and "I think the long river will roll forward forever"! (See Appendix 2 for the formation stage of the Three Gorges) The Three Gorges was born. Its geographical wonders, majestic, steep and peculiar natural beauty are amazing masterpieces carved by the creator on the earth. The Three Gorges is the most thrilling, magnificent and wonderful chapter among all kinds of miracles left by nature movement on the earth's surface, and it is a miracle created by nature. On both sides of the Three Gorges, you can enjoy the rare canyon landforms, cave landscapes, famous mountains and rivers, virgin forests, historical and cultural relics more than 4,000 years ago and ancient human activities 2 million years ago. Mountains are the skeleton and body of the Three Gorges. Water is the soul and blood of the Three Gorges. The Three Gorges, the largest national geological park in China, is known as the "geological museum", which is rich in stratigraphic and paleontological data and extremely rare geological and geomorphological phenomena in the world. Part III: Historical Three Gorges (introducing the development history of Three Gorges civilization) The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is not only a grand canyon in geographical sense, but also one of the earliest areas where ancient humans lived in China and even Asia, and one of the earliest cradles of ancient human civilization in China and even the world. Pei Wenzhong, a famous paleoanthropologist, once predicted: "We now call Beijingers our ancestors, but where are the ancestors of Beijingers? I think we should explore the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze River. "Now, archaeologists have found out the general outline of human activities in the Three Gorges in a large number of ruins. Fossils of ancient humans more than 2 million years ago were found at Longgupo Paleolithic Site in Wushan, which proved that "Wushan Man" was the earliest human being discovered in the world so far. Daxi culture, a Neolithic site, shows the intelligence of the Three Gorges people. The Cuban ruins and cemeteries in the Three Gorges area reflect that the Three Gorges is the political, economic and cultural center of the Ba people and the main area to solve the mystery of Cuban history. The civilization of the Yangtze River is comparable to that of the Yellow River. The Three Gorges is also one of the important birthplaces of ancient culture in China, and another cradle and important passage of Chinese civilization. In the course of history, the Yangtze River connects Wuyue culture in the lower reaches, Jingchu culture in the middle reaches and Bashu culture in the upper reaches. The Three Gorges is like a huge knot, connecting Jianghan Plain and Chengdu Plain, connecting Bashu civilization and Jingchu civilization, and creating a complete Yangtze River civilization. The ruins of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the plank road in the Qin Dynasty, the balcony of the State of Chu, the ghost town of Fengdu in Shi Baozhai, Zhongxian County, the ancient battlefields of Fengjie Bai Di, Yunyang Zhangfei Temple and Yiling (Yichang, Hubei Province), the ancient buildings and cultural relics such as Qu Yuan's hometown, Zhaojun's hometown, Bazhen Map, Yong 'an Palace, Fuling Baiheliang Temple, etc., have been integrated with the magnificent natural landscape, and a cultural history of thousands of years has been launched. It can be said that the Three Gorges of Baili is the umbilical cord that feeds China's 5,000-year-old civilization. Without this passage, the cultural history of the Chinese nation would be incomplete. Part IV: Gorgeous Three Gorges (introducing the natural scenery of the Three Gorges) The Three Gorges is the most unforgettable landscape in China. The Song of the Yangtze River, which is included in primary school textbooks, has made many people know the grandeur of the Yangtze River for the first time. Li Bai's famous sentence in middle school textbook "Farewell to the colorful clouds of Bai Di, a thousand miles to Jiangling, apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the canoe has passed" and Liu's "Three Gorges of the Yangtze River" let us further appreciate the grandeur and magnificence of the Three Gorges; Mr. Yu vividly described the unique scenery and artistic conception of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in the article "A Journey to the Three Gorges of Culture", which deepened our impression of the Three Gorges again and again. The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River starts from Baidicheng, Fengjie, Chongqing, and ends at Nanjinguan, Yichang, Hubei, with a total length of 193km. We usually refer to the scenery of the Three Gorges, which is 600 kilometers from Chongqing to Yichang. The whole Three Gorges is located in the mountains, with high mountains and deep valleys on both sides, cliffs and beautiful peaks. The Three Gorges "landscape gorge forest spring cave, all-encompassing; Magnificent and beautiful, there is nothing strange. " Its spectacular scenery and vast weather account for all the natural scenery in the world.