The Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs from Xining City of Qinghai Province to Lhasa City of Tibet Autonomous Region, with a total length of 1956 kilometers. Among them, Xining to Golmud section is 814 kilometers long, built in 1979 paved, put into operation in 1984. The section from Golmud to Lhasa, starting from Golmud City of Qinghai Province, traveling southward along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to Lhasa City, the capital of Tibet Autonomous Region, has a total length of 1,142 kilometers, of which 1,110 kilometers are newly constructed, and 32 kilometers are reconstructed from Golmud to Nanshankou existing line. The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is faced with the severe challenges of permafrost, alpine cold and lack of oxygen, and ecological fragility, which makes the project arduous, demanding and difficult.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was started on June 29, 2001, and the investment of 1.18 billion yuan was completed that year, and the reconstruction of the existing line from Golmud to Nanshankou was completed, realizing the first victory. 5.32 billion yuan was invested in 2002, and the track laying started on June 29, and the railway reached Kunlun Mountain at the end of the year smoothly. The annual plan of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction in the year of comprehensive attack completed the investment of 5.6 billion yuan. Qinghai-Tibet Railway total investment of more than thirty-three billion yuan RMB; the whole line *** completed roadbed earth and stone 7,853,000,000 cubic meters, bridges six hundred and seventy-five, nearly one hundred and sixty-five thousand extended meters; culverts two thousand and fifty, thirty-seven thousand, six hundred and sixty-two horizontal extended meters; tunnels seven, ninety-seven thousand, seven hundred and forty-four extended meters.
Meanwhile, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also been effective and successful in tundra attack, health protection, environmental protection and quality assurance.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was put into trial operation on July 1, and is expected to become a world-class plateau railroad with basically "unmanned" management along the line.
After all the construction personnel of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway **** the same efforts, all the station lines and auxiliary line tracks of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have been laid. So far, all the tracks of the whole line of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have been laid.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the world's highest railroad, along the line of the year-round average temperature below zero degrees Celsius, the oxygen content in the air is only half of the plains. The railroad crosses an altitude of 4,000 meters above sea level for 960 kilometers, of which the highest point over the Tanggula Mountain reaches an altitude of 5,072 meters.
The opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will further accelerate the economic development of Tibet, Qinghai provinces and regions, "easy to go abroad and difficult to enter Tibet" history will be gone, rail transportation will greatly reduce the cost of passenger and freight transportation in and out of Tibet and to improve its security.
[Edit paragraph] "sky road" will make the "roof of the world" is no longer far away
The world's highest altitude plateau railroad--Qinghai-Tibet Railway Trial run on July 1, 2006, the full start.
After the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, 75% of the materials going into and out of Tibet will be carried by the railroad, thus changing the shortcomings of the previous road transportation, which had long distance, high freight cost and great loss.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the third pole of the earth, is famous for its high altitude, thin air, low oxygen content, strong ultraviolet rays, year-round snow and complex climate. Paul Theroux, a modern American train traveler, wrote in his book, "Traveling in China," "With the Kunlun Mountains in place, the railroad will never reach Lhasa."
After four years of hard work, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was completed in 2005 after overcoming many rare scientific and technological problems. Because it crosses the world's highest plateau, the railroad is also known as the "heavenly road.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company plans to open a luxury tourist train that will pass by world-famous scenic spots such as Qinghai Lake, Kunlun Mountain, Coco Sicily, the source of the Three Rivers, the grasslands in northern Tibet and the Potala Palace.
To help tourists cope with possible plateau reaction, the train will be equipped with specialized oxygen supply equipment. The completed Qinghai-Tibet Railway will also use an infrared monitoring system to make unmanned operation in the plateau section and maintain all-weather traffic. Will also start the garbage collection system and garbage collection train, will be produced along the way of domestic garbage centralized transportation to Lhasa or Golmud for processing.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which starts in Xining City, Qinghai Province, and runs west to Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, is nearly 2,000 kilometers long. Trains will reach speeds of 120 kilometers per hour on the general section when it opens, and the ride from Golmud to Lhasa will take no more than 12 hours.
[edit]The "most" of Qinghai-Tibet Railway
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the highest railroad in the world, has created a lot of difficulties in the construction process because of the fragile ecology, high temperature and lack of oxygen, frozen soil and winds that disturb the work. The construction process has created many "firsts" at home and abroad.
The world's highest elevation
Tundra, high-altitude section of the longest mileage of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from Xining City, Qinghai Province, ending in Lhasa, capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, a total length of 1956 kilometers, through the altitude of 4,000 meters above the section of 960 kilometers.
The second phase of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, from Golmud to Lhasa, with a total length of 1,118 kilometers, is a landmark project for the implementation of China's western development. Gerla section of the north from the western part of Qinghai Province within the Qaidam Basin in the emerging industrial city of Golmud, Qinghai-Tibet Railway route map via Nachitai, Kunlun Mountains, five Liang, Tuotuo River, Yanshiping, over the Tanggula Mountains, and then through the northern Tibetan plateau on the Ando, Nagchu, Dangxiong, Sheep Bajing, all the way to the south to reach Lhasa. It traverses more than 550 kilometers of frozen soil section, the average altitude of the entire line in 4500 meters above sea level, the highest track across the altitude of 5072 meters of the Tanggula Mountain pass. This steel artery with a total investment of 26.21 billion yuan, plans to pave the way in 2006, July 1, 2007, the entire line was opened to traffic.
The towering peaks, sheep snowy, vast Gobi ...... ancient and mysterious Tibetan Plateau for thousands of years silent and lonely. Here although the land, beautiful and rich, but in the past due to economic, social, natural and other conditions, transportation is closed, logistics is not smooth, the plateau people can only long stick to the self-sufficiency of the manor economy. Until 1949, the whole of Tibet only 1 kilometer of road can drive cars, water transportation is just a zip line bridge, cowhide boats and canoes.
In order to promote the economic development of the plateau region, as early as the 1950s, the party and the state made efforts to study and solve the problem of Tibet railroad construction. After starting construction in 1958, stopping and slowing down in 1960, and swinging back to construction in 1974, the 814-kilometer section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from Xining to Golmud was opened to traffic in 1984.
No other railroad in the world can be so shocking and exciting, in "the most mysterious place besides the moon" - the Tibetan Plateau, a world-renowned steel dragon is winding forward, it breaks through the forbidden zone of life, crossing the Gobi Kunlun, flying over the cracks of the Gobi. Gobi Kunlun, fly frame rift valley rift valley ...... it with indisputable facts to tell the world: it is the world's highest altitude, the line of the longest plateau railroad!
The world's highest plateau tundra tunnel - Wind Volcano Tunnel
The Wind Volcano Tunnel is located at an altitude of 5010 meters on the Wind Volcano, the total length of 1,338 meters, the track surface elevation of 4905 meters, all located in the permanent plateau permafrost, the world's highest elevation, across the tundra area of the longest Plateau permanent wind volcano tunnel tundra tunnel, there is "the world's first high tunnel," said.
Come to the Wind Volcano Tunnel, first of all by the tunnel entrance before the giant couplet attracted: "ride the white clouds caressing the blue sky to fight the snow bound dragon, step on the wind and invite the moon through the world's highest tunnel. Wind volcano area climate environment is extremely harsh, the average annual temperature of minus 7 degrees Celsius, the lowest temperature of minus 40 degrees Celsius or so, cold, lack of oxygen.
More than 300 builders of China Railway Bureau 20 from Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, participated in the battle to open the Wind Volcano Tunnel. In order to solve the problem of oxygen deficiency in the plateau, they built the highest altitude oxygen generating station in the world, and in the tunnel construction, diffuse oxygen supply to the cave, so that the oxygen content in the cave is increased, which fundamentally solves the problem of oxygen deficiency in the plateau construction. At the same time, China Railway Bureau 20 also equips each staff dormitory with oxygen absorbing equipment and provides anti-hypoxia drugs to ensure that each staff can absorb enough oxygen. Due to the scientific measures taken, in the whole line of Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction, although the construction conditions here are the most severe, the incidence rate of plateau disease among the workers is the lowest in the whole line.
October 18, 2001, the wind volcano tunnel hit the first shot, produced the abandoned ballast is shocking. These abandoned ballast soil content is about 15% to 20%, tunnel geological structure is mainly soil ice layer, saturated frozen soil, original glacier, fissure ice, sandstone, mudstone and mud and sand interlayer. Wind volcano tunnel is listed as the first of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway line of key projects, known as "the word of the day the first project".
In order to ensure the quality of construction, China Railway Bureau invested more than 52 million yuan, the purchase of domestic first-class tunnel construction equipment, in the hole to realize the rail transportation, built a high-pressure steam boiler, heater station and the hole insulation, cooling system, to solve a series of difficult problems such as temperature control of concrete construction in the hole, on October 19, 2002, the wind volcano tunnel! -The world's highest plateau tundra tunnel after the builders of a whole year of struggle, finally passed through.
The world's longest plateau tundra tunnel - Kunlun Mountain Tunnel
At an altitude of 4,648 meters of the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel hole in June, snow, four seasons a day, cold and lack of oxygen, the oxygen content of only half of the mainland plains, the lowest temperature of more than 30 degrees Celsius below zero. Kunlun Mountain Tunnel
Fighting here in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway builders, braving the harsh natural environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, to build the world's longest plateau tundra tunnel. Tunneling in the tundra is much more difficult than in the plains. Every summer, the temperature inside the tunnel rises, sometimes up to about 7 degrees Celsius, at such temperatures the permafrost is easy to melt, the hole from time to time there is ice slag fall down, to the construction of great difficulties. In order to prevent and minimize the impact of permafrost disease on the tunnel's solid performance, in the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel construction has taken more than twice the procedures than in the plains. Tunnel construction in the plains only in the anchor spray support, plus a layer of concrete can be, but in the tundra tunnel construction, but also need to set up two waterproofing and a thermal insulation board, play a role in waterproofing and heat preservation, and then finally lined with a concrete. This is equivalent to the tunnel to wear a waterproof warm clothes, effectively solve the tundra tunnel construction problems.
In order to protect the physical and mental health of construction workers, China Railway Bureau Five Four stipulates a four-hour shift operation system, provides sufficient oxygen to workers in the tunnel every day, and regularly checks the air quality in the tunnel. In the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel entrance, a yellow ventilation pipe is like a ribbon across the tunnel, this ribbon will be outside the tunnel of fresh air into the tunnel, to ensure that the tunnel construction of oxygen content. They also set up a first aid center at the tunnel entrance, and established a hyperbaric oxygen warehouse at the site, and the staff dormitory is also equipped with oxygen cylinders. At the same time, quarterly physical examination of employees, if found unwell, immediately sent to Golmud treatment.
Kunlun Mountain Tunnel on September 25, 2002 through.
This has solidified the blood, sweat and wisdom of how many working people ah!
The world's highest railway station - Tanggula station Tanggula station
Tanggula station is located at an altitude of 5068 meters Tanggula mountain pass permafrost area, covers an area of about 77,000 square meters, designed for the three strands. Tanggula station is mainly adapted to the needs of the train will give way. The station is constructed by the Sixth Project Department under China Railway 18 Bureau. According to the geographical location and geological characteristics of this station, the engineering design adopts a schist ventilated roadbed. This design can keep the permafrost temperature relatively stable in order to reduce the disturbance to the permafrost and achieve the purpose of effectively protecting the permafrost.
Tanggula Station was completed in August 2004, becoming a major attraction on the 1,000-mile Qinghai-Tibet route.
Asia's Largest Highland Railway
Nanshankou Laying Base From Golmud City, the starting point of the Gera section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, about 30 kilometers southward, you will come to the largest and highest-grade highland laying base in the history of China's railroad construction - the Nanshankou Laying Base of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which is situated at an altitude of 3,050 meters above sea level.
The scale and technical content of Nanshangkou paving base of Qinghai-Tibet Railway are the first in the history of China's railroad construction. At the beginning of the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, this place is still filled with yellow sand, rare and desolate. Since June 29, 2001, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started construction of the horn blowing, China Railway Bureau more than 500 workers in this barren land on the resistance to lack of oxygen, the top of the wind and sand, the wind, food and shelter, played the man and nature of the battle and railroad construction technology, management level of the battle, overcome the difficulties, raised the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started "leading" flag. "
Paving the railway is the first step in the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
Laying frame base from March 2002 to start the installation of machinery and equipment, debugging, nail joint production line from April 2002 to start trial production. Guo Xiuchun said, Nanshangkou paving base bear the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Nanshangkou to Amdo section of the track paving task. Qinghai-Tibet Railway through the line across the "roof of the world", due to the high cold, lack of oxygen, low pressure, coupled with a large slope, temperature difference, wind and sand, thunder and lightning and other unfavorable factors, to the construction and transportation has brought great difficulties. At present, the domestic production of track-laying machine, bridge-crossing machine and internal combustion locomotives in the average altitude of 4000 meters on the Tibetan plateau power drop nearly half, the general maximum gradient adaptability of twelve thousandths of a percent, and due to the lack of oxygen, fuel combustion is not sufficient to produce a large number of exhaust gas, resulting in environmental pollution. The maximum gradient of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is designed to be 20 thousandths of a percent, and the harsh climate conditions and special geographical environment become a "roadblock" for the railroad pavement. To this end, China Railway Bureau mobilized experts with rich experience in paving and framing, transformed domestic track-laying and bridge-laying machinery and internal combustion locomotives, and put forward a series of specific solutions and measures, such as development of oxygen boosting equipment, transformation of machinery, rolling stock equipment, prevention of severe cold, wind and sand, lightning and other specific solutions and measures. After the transformation of track-laying and bridge-laying machines and internal combustion locomotives, in the twenty-two-thousandths of a ramp operation, power performance is good, normal operation of equipment, environmental pollution is minimal. This scientific research results to fill the domestic plateau paving technology on the blank, so as to provide equipment for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway paving protection.
From the period of time when the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started to lay tracks, China Railway First Bureau paved tracks at an average speed of 3,000 meters per day and erected bridges at a speed of 3.5 holes per day, and unceasingly pushed the iron and steel avenue in the direction of Lhasa. They created the highest daily track laying 6575 meters, daily bridge 6.5 holes of the record, this speed and the plains paving speed is basically comparable, and to ensure the safety and quality.
The world's longest "road" bridge, the longest railroad bridge on the plateau tundra
Qingshuihe Bridge is located at an altitude of more than 4,500 meters in the uninhabited area of Coco-Colli, with a total length of 11.7 kilometers, and it is the longest "bridge instead of road" bridge on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway line, as well as the largest "bridge instead of road" bridge on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. It is the longest "bridge instead of road" bridge on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and is also the key control project for the construction of the entire Gela section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Qingshui River Bridge
Qingshui River Railway Bridge is like a beautiful "rainbow", flying in the average altitude of 4600 meters above the core of the Cocoanutian National Nature Reserve. Here in Cocoanutilian cold and lack of oxygen, sparse vegetation, ecological fragility. At the same time here in the plateau permafrost section, permafrost thickness of more than 20 meters, and high ice content, which gave the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has increased the difficulty. In order to solve the problem of construction of the plateau permafrost area and protect the nature reserve, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway survey and design experts have taken the "bridge instead of road" measures.
The seasonal temperature difference in the Qingshuihe area is obvious, with the highest temperature reaching 38 degrees Celsius in summer and the lowest temperature reaching minus 40 degrees Celsius in winter. In such climatic conditions, hot melting lakes and ponds, dark rivers, and freezing balls will appear in the permafrost area. In addition to the surface can be seen in the hot melt lakes and ponds, to the summer, the temperature rises, permafrost melting, but also in the underground 20 meters to 30 meters between the formation of the dark river; and to the winter, hot melt lakes and ponds and dark river due to the sharp drop in temperature, the formation of the surface of the frozen up ball. If the problem of frozen soil is not dealt with properly, the constructed railroad will become an uneven rubbing road, leaving operation hidden dangers. Due to the harsh weather conditions, individual bridge piers due to the cold appeared tortoise, in order to ensure the quality of the piers, China Railway Twelve Bureau Command has blown up three such piers.
In the dragon like winding away under the bridge, the piers between the more than 1,300 bridge holes can be Tibetan antelope and other wildlife free migration. Now, the railroad tracks have been successfully paved through the bridge. In the mysterious and beautiful uninhabited area of Cocosilia, the Qingshuihe Railway Bridge has become a fascinating landscape.
The first high bridge of Qinghai-Tibet Railway--Sanqiaohe Bridge
From the northern edge of the Kunlun Mountains, 15 kilometers upstream on the Nachidai, a majestic bridge rises up, like a giant's arms to support the speeding train. This bridge is the highest bridge along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway - Three Forks River Bridge. It **** has 20 piers, 17 of which are round thin-walled hollow piers, the top wall of the pier is only 30 centimeters at the thinnest point.
Three Forks River Bridge is located at an altitude of more than 3800 meters in the high mountain valley. Here the alluvial strata of the formation of the canyon, as if a sharp axe will be a high mountain split from the two ends of the Three Forks of the River Bridge is suspended in the terrain on top of the steep cliffs.
Three companies of China Railway Fourteen Bureau undertook the construction of the Three Forks River Bridge. Construction of a bridge of similar size would take two years on the mainland. But the bridge is the key control project of the Gera section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which bears the task of laying rails and transporting materials, so the control period for the construction of the bridge was only given one year. In order to ensure the completion of the bridge, they had to seize the time, that is, the cold winter must also be constructed. In January and February, the local temperature as low as minus 30 degrees Celsius, pier concrete pouring first to solve the problem of heat preservation. After repeated experiments, they adopted the template through the steam insulation, template outside the stove, outside the quilt, tarpaulin method, hard in the ice world to create a relatively warm environment.
Through the tenacity of the builders, the Three Forks Bridge was completed on schedule in one year.
The first railroad bridge at the source of the Yangtze River - Yangtze River Source Bridge
Standing in front of the "source of the Yangtze River" environmental monument looking at the Tuo Tuo River, you can see a bridge pier quietly standing in the river. Clear water flows downstream around the bridge piers. Here is the source of the Yangtze River is the first bridge - the source of the Yangtze River Yangtze River Source Bridge Special Bridge location.
The Yangtze River Source Bridge is 1389.6 meters long, **** there are 42 holes, across a wide riverbed of about 1300 meters. The bridge site is located in the Tuo Tuo River basin is the Tibetan Plateau permafrost region in the abdomen of the large river melt area, both permafrost and melt area of the dual characteristics of the construction has brought certain difficulties. From November 24, 2001 since the start of construction, the Yangtze River Source Bridge construction progress is very smooth, the main project than the date required by the project was completed more than 300 days earlier. The drilled piles of the whole bridge have gone through non-destructive testing, and the pass rate has reached 100%.
Construction at the source of the Yangtze River is most concerned about environmental issues. China Railway Third Bureau has taken various measures to protect the environment here from being polluted. The mud generated in the construction of bored piles is subject to secondary sedimentation, and it is strictly prohibited to discharge the unsedimented mud directly into the river, and the water precipitated from the sedimentation tank is used for watering the roadbed construction and the right-of-way. And other waste materials, slag and so on should be concentrated and disposed of to the construction of the abandoned soil pit, to be leveled. As for caring for local vegetation and not disturbing wildlife, it is a guideline that everyone follows.
The railroad construction project with the largest environmental investment
The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is faced with three major railroad construction problems in the world, including fragile ecology, high-cold and oxygen-deficient environment, and geologic structure of permafrost. In order to protect the blue sky of the plateau, clear lake water, rare wildlife, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway only environmental protection investment amounted to more than 2 billion yuan, accounting for 8% of the total investment in the project, is currently China's government environmental protection investment in the railroad construction project, and in the construction of the first time in the country to introduce environmental protection supervision, for the first time with the local environmental protection departments to sign the environmental protection responsibility statement; for the first time for the wildlife to open up migratory corridors located in the Kokosil National Nature Reserve. The Qingshui River Bridge in the Ke Ke Sili National Nature Reserve is built by the Qinghai-Tibet Railway specifically for the migration of Tibetan antelopes and other wild animals.
One of the railroad projects with the highest treatment for civilian workers
In order to overcome the harsh environment of high temperature and lack of oxygen, and to protect the life and health of railroad builders. For the first time in the history of China's engineering construction, the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Health jointly issued a document specifically detailing provisions for medical and health care protection and invested nearly 200 million yuan to establish medical and health care protection points along the entire line. Nowadays, all the key construction sections along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway are basically equipped with advanced equipments such as high-pressure oxygen silos, which effectively solves the difficulty of lack of oxygen for the builders. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is also one of the railroad projects with the highest treatment for civil workers. The railroad department has invested huge sums of money in the management of civil workers to implement the three unities: "unified life, unified residence and unified diet"; for the first time, it has stipulated the daily minimum wage for civil workers, and has implemented free medical care for civil workers.
China and even the world's largest permafrost research base
In order to overcome the permafrost problem, since the Qinghai-Tibet Railway began construction, the Ministry of Railways has attached great importance to the permafrost problem of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and has arranged hundreds of millions of yuan of scientific research funds for the permafrost research, and has organized the experts of many scientific research institutes to carry out the scientific research on the five permafrost experimental sections of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and has obtained a large amount of scientific research data and scientific research results. A large amount of scientific research data and achievements have been obtained. The frozen soil research of Qinghai-Tibet Railway draws on the frozen soil construction experience of large-scale projects such as Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Qinghai-Tibet Oil Pipeline and Lanxi La Optical Fiber Cable, and explores and draws on the frozen soil research results of Russia, Canada and Scandinavian countries. At present, China's scientists have taken measures such as bridge instead of road, schist ventilated roadbed, ventilated pipe roadbed, gravel and schist berms, heat rods, heat preservation panels, comprehensive anti-drainage system, etc., and significant progress has been made in permafrost research, and the permafrost research base of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has become the largest permafrost research base in China and even in the world.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also created many new records in paying attention to the life and health of the builders. For the first time in the history of China's engineering construction, the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Health have jointly issued a document to make detailed and specific regulations on medical and health protection. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has invested nearly 200 million yuan for the first time in the construction of a domestic project to establish three-level medical and health protection points along the whole line.
In addition to this, the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also created many other records, for example, four giant flatbed trucks were used to transport the first four internal-combustion locomotives allocated by the state to Tibet to the plateau as a whole, which created a number of records in the history of Tibet's highway transportation, and the paving base in Amdo, which is 4,700 meters above sea level, is the world's highest-altitude paving base.
[Edit Paragraph]Plateau ecology has not been significantly affected
In terms of ecological and environmental protection, the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been monitored throughout the whole process: the first introduction of environmental protection supervision in the construction of the national project; the first time to sign a statement of responsibility for environmental protection with the local environmental protection department; the first time to put forward the goal of "creating quality and environmental protection" in the history of the construction of the railroad; the first large-scale transplantation of turf, the first time in the history of the construction of the railroad. The first large-scale transplantation of turf; the first time for wild animals to open up migratory corridors ......
The great importance attached to environmental protection work, so that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction for the environmental protection of the project is expected to reach more than 2 billion yuan of investment, accounting for 8% of the total investment in the project. Lu Chunfang, general director of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction General Command, said that the environmental protection investment and the proportion accounted for is so large, which is the first time in the history of domestic construction.
When the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is repaired to the doorstep, Naqu County Gulu town party secretary A Wang some worries: here is the Qiangtang grassland in the north of Tibet, the most beautiful water and grassland areas, the construction of the railroad will not destroy the grassland? But the railroad builders in the Gulu wetlands to build a train station, invested more than 1.1 million yuan, successfully transplanted and constructed more than 80,000 square meters of man-made wetlands. Awang was relieved: "Although the construction of the railroad took up some grassland, the greenness of the area has not diminished."
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is the birthplace of giant rivers and the important center of origin of the world's mountainous biological species, with a pristine, unique and fragile ecological environment. State Environmental Protection Administration, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Railways in the railroad before the start of construction, the formation of a joint expert group of ecological and environmental protection along the line of in-depth research, the development of specific environmental protection measures, and special budget of more than 1 billion yuan for ecological and environmental protection projects.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Headquarters Party Committee Deputy Secretary Cai Fan said, in order to solve the "ecological fragility" of this problem, the railroad in the design of attention to minimize the impact on the ecology. In the nature reserve, the railroad line follows the principle of "can bypass to bypass" for planning. Construction sites, right-of-way, sand and gravel quarries have been repeatedly surveyed to avoid destroying vegetation as much as possible. For the sections where vegetation is difficult to grow, the construction adopts section-by-section transplantation; for the sections with slightly better natural conditions, artificial cultivation of turf is carried out. Participating units and the environmental protection departments of Qinghai and Tibet have signed environmental protection responsibility, take the initiative to accept the supervision and inspection, the whole line has also implemented the environmental protection supervision system.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes through two national nature reserves, namely Cocozily and Qiangtang. To protect wildlife, 25 wildlife migration corridors have been built along the railroad. Electronic monitoring by the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Headquarters has confirmed that a large number of Tibetan antelopes migrate freely through the wildlife passages along the railroad. Investigations by the General Administration of Environmental Protection and other departments have shown that since the start of construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, permafrost, vegetation, wetland environments, natural landscapes, and water quality of rivers and streams along the route have been effectively protected, and the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has not been significantly affected.
[Edit paragraph]Create no case of plateau disease death miracle
The altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway more than 4000 meters above sea level accounted for about 85% of the line, the average annual temperature below zero degrees Celsius, most of the areas of the air oxygen content is only 50% -60% of the mainland. Alpine cold and lack of oxygen, sandstorms, ultraviolet rays, natural sources of disease, known as the limit of human survival "forbidden zone". How to ensure the safety of builders in the harsh environment of the plateau is also a worldwide problem.
Deputy Secretary of the General Command Party Committee Cai Fan said, in order to solve this problem, the construction units adhere to the "people-oriented, health protection first", the establishment of a sound three-tier medical security institutions. Railroad along the line **** set up 115 medical institutions, equipped with more than 600 medical personnel, workers sick in half an hour to get effective treatment. At the same time, the staff to carry out regular medical checkups, arranged for employees to the low altitude areas of rotation.
During the construction of the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel at an altitude of more than 4,600 meters, the construction workers carry 5-kilogram oxygen bottles on their backs and work while inhaling oxygen, and in the construction for nearly a year, **** consumed 120,000 bottles of oxygen in 5-kilogram bottles. China Railway 17 Bureau in the construction site dormitory installation of oxygen pipeline, as long as you open the valve, you can always inhale oxygen. In the construction of the wind volcano tunnel at an altitude of 4905 meters, China Railway Bureau 20 built a large oxygen generation station to transfer oxygen to the construction tunnel, so that the oxygen content in the tunnel reaches about 80%, which is equivalent to making the construction site drop in altitude by more than 1,000 meters. It is understood that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway along the line **** established 17 oxygen station, equipped with 25 high-pressure oxygen chamber, tens of thousands of workers each day on average no less than 2 hours of oxygen.
Under the strong medical guarantee system, since the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started, the total number of patients received more than 45.3 million times, the treatment of cerebral edema 427 cases, pulmonary edema 841 cases, without a case of death, creating a miracle in the history of plateau medicine.
[edit]Museum of the world permafrost engineering
Freezing soil in the frozen state volume expansion, to the summer is the permafrost melting volume shrinkage. Under the repeated action of these two phenomena, the foundation of the road or house will rupture or collapse. The Tibetan Plateau is characterized by low latitude, high altitude, strong sunshine and frequent tectonic movements, and the complexity and uniqueness of its permafrost is unparalleled in the world.
[edit]Qinghai-Tibet Railway Train Routes
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has opened seven routes to the holy city of Lhasa across the country, currently from Guangzhou to Lhasa, Shanghai to Lhasa, Beijing to Lhasa, Lanzhou to Lhasa, Xining to Lhasa, Chengdu to Lhasa, and Chongqing to Lhasa. The cities through which the Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes are: Beijing, Guangzhou, Changsha, Wuchang, Zhengzhou, Shijiazhuang, Shanghai, Wuxi, Nanjing, Bengbu, Xuzhou, Xi'an, Chengdu, Guangyuan, Baoji, Chongqing, Guang'an, Dazhou, Baoji, Lanzhou, Xining, Delingha, Golmud, TuoTuoHe, Anduo, Nagqu, Dangxiong*** counting 27 towns. Train models are mainly air-conditioned express, direct trains are: T264 (T265), T164 (T165), T22 (T23), T222 (T223), T27, N917, K917 arriving at the terminal in Lhasa.
Overall, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the pride of China!
Significance and role
1, Qinghai-Tibet Railway is an epoch-making significance of the economic line, cultural line
Qinghai-Tibet Railway all lines through, will certainly change the poverty and backwardness of the Tibetan Plateau, enhance the unity and progress of the various nationalities and *** with the prosperity of the promotion of the economic and social development of Qinghai and Tibet and the fast and good have a wide and far-reaching impact. It is conducive to promoting the development of Tibetan industry, tourism and other industries, optimizing the industrial structure of Tibet, and realizing the balanced and coordinated development of China's regional economy; it is conducive to the development of Tibet's mineral resources, and giving full play to the advantages of resources; it is conducive to lowering the cost of transporting goods into and out of Tibet, and improving the economic efficiency; it is conducive to opening up Tibet to the outside world, and strengthening the economic exchanges and cooperation with other regions and foreign countries; it is conducive to the development of the market mechanism and the enhancement of people's market awareness. It is conducive to the development of Tibet's market mechanism and the enhancement of people's market awareness, and promotes economic development; it is conducive to the improvement of the living standard of the Tibetan people and the ****same prosperity of the whole country. It is conducive to promoting the prosperity of all ethnic groups in China and further consolidating the new type of ethnic relations based on equality, solidarity and mutual assistance; it is conducive to the stability of China's borders and the strengthening of national defense; and it is conducive to the embodiment of the status of the minority people as the masters of their own country and the consolidation of the state power. So the primary purpose of building the railroad is to provide a strong capacity support for the economic and social development of Tibet, at the same time this railroad construction can also enable us to further increase the close contact and exchange between the mainland and Tibet, enhance national unity, and defend the national security.
To give full play to the role of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and build it into a first-class logistics center in China. Intensify the study of the profound impact on all aspects of economic and social life in Tibet brought about by the opening and operation of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, plan development with a brand-new mindset, maximize the huge development potential of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, maximize the powerful radiation effect of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, so that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway can better contribute to the promotion of the economic and social development of Tibet for the benefit of the masses of all ethnic groups in Tibet, and strive to make the Nagchu Logistics Center a first-class logistics center in the country. Center.