Beizhai Tomb Cluster is located in Beizhai Village, Jiehu Town, Yinan County, Shandong Province, four kilometers west of Yinan County, six ancient tombs have been identified, three scientific excavations, and two are open to the public. Beizhai Tomb Group of the protection of the scope of: Beizhai Tomb Group No. 1 portrait stone tomb center for the base point, 365 meters to the north, 300 meters to the south, 280 meters to the east, 235 meters to the west; construction control zone for: Beizhai Tomb Group focus on the protection of the scope of the boundary stake as the base point, 625 meters to the north, 155 meters to the south, 135 meters to the east, to the west of the Wenhe River. Beizhai Tomb Group on December 23, 1977 was announced by the Shandong Provincial Revolutionary Committee for the provincial key cultural relics protection units, on June 25, 2001 was announced by the State Council for the national key cultural relics protection units.
Tomb No. 1 is a large-scale portrait stone tomb, which has a complex and rigorous structure, consisting of a tomb passage, a tomb door and three main chambers in the front, the middle and the back, as well as the three side chambers in the east and the two side chambers in the west, with a door connecting the chambers. The front, center room by the octagonal column, arch, over the beam separated into east and west two rooms, after the room by the ground burden, arch over the beam, the two sides of the board separated into east and west two rooms, after the side room in the northeast corner of the tomb, the room north of the head of a partition wall, the toilet is in this partition wall. The whole arrangement is quite balanced, all on a central axis. The main axis is oriented north-south, and the tomb door is 9 degrees west-south. Inside the tomb east-west width of 7. 55 meters, north-south length of 8. 70 meters, covers an area of 88. 2 square meters, the volume of 326. 34 cubic meters. *** enjoy 280 pieces of stone, including 42 pieces of portrait stone, 73 portraits, portrait area of 44.227 square meters. The main contents of the portrait stone are: attack and battle map, sacrificial map, travel map, harvest feast and enjoy the map and music and dance, such as a hundred plays. Portrait carving is delicate, technique is diverse, the spirit is majestic, is the Han portrait stone art development period is representative of the masterpieces, the portrait stone tomb is also a folk artisan to create a set of architecture, painting, carving in one of the outstanding works.
Tomb No. 2 is a large-scale masonry structure of multi-room tomb, located in the south east of the first tomb, the two tombs are 20 meters away from each other, excavated in the spring of 1994. The layout of the tomb is basically the same as that of Tomb No. 1, which also consists of a tomb passage, a tomb door, and the main chambers of the front, middle, and back, as well as three side chambers in the east and two side chambers in the west. Except for the tomb door and the four walls of the front and middle chambers, the partition walls of the west two side chambers are made of stone, all of them are made of green bricks. The back room is separated by a brick wall into east and west rooms. Each room is connected by a door. The roof of the room is a brick coupon. The room is 9.10 meters long from north to south and 8.52 meters wide from east to west. The arrangement of the entire chamber is quite balanced, are in a central axis, the main axis of the north-south direction, the door of the tomb south by 9 degrees west.
Tomb No. 3 in the second tomb of the west, 12 meters apart, the masses to build houses found in 1994, Shandong Provincial Institute of cultural relics and archaeology organizations to try to dig, not found.
Tomb No. 4 100 meters southwest of Tomb No. 1, small masonry tomb, October 1994 villagers digging kiln found by the Yinan County Cultural Relics Management salvage excavation, unearthed more than 50 pieces of artifacts, cleaned up after sealing the soil protection.
Tomb No. 5, Tomb No. 6 are located about 25 meters south from the second tomb, 30 meters east, Shandong Provincial Cultural Relics Science and Technology Protection Center in May 1994 exploration found that the unexcavated.
Comprehensive topography and drilling, Shandong Provincial Cultural Relics Science and Technology Protection Center experts analyzed that, in addition to the above six tombs, Beizhai Village, the underground distribution of other graves and the remains of the Tang and Song dynasties. Portrait stone all from the first tomb. The whole tomb *** there are 42 pieces of portrait stone, 73 pictures, the total picture area of 44. 227 square meters. Yinan ancient portrait stone tomb excavation report" hereinafter referred to as ("excavation report") based on the portrait stone topography of the portrait into 73, in fact, located in the front room and the middle room of the octagonal pillar, its eight sides are independent of a picture, so the picture should be more than 73. All the portraits are carved on the door of the tomb and in the front, middle and back chambers. On the surface, they seem to be scattered, each with its own theme; but after a closer look, one will find that they have their inner connection and form a whole of their own, and the whole picture has continuity and storytelling. All of the portraits are divided into four groups, and each group has its own theme and clear thematic ideas. In each group of portrait stones, some of which are the expression of the theme, some of which are set off the theme, and in the front, middle and back of the three chambers, but also some of which are specialized in the theme of the decoration:
The first group of portraits of the door of the tomb, **** 4. This group of portraits is centered on the Hu-Han war picture engraved on the lintel, and its thematic idea is to write about the most important and admirable and nostalgic deeds of the tomb owner's life - having led the army to defeat the invasion of foreigners. In the middle of the picture, there is a bridge with pillars, railings, and Chinese watches; on the bridge and to the right of the bridge (in the viewer's orientation, the same below), a large number of Han infantry and cavalry soldiers holding swords, shields, spears, and axes, and a light carriage are marching from the right to the left; and on the left, there are Hu cavalry soldiers holding swords, shields, and crossbows and arrows, and they are coming rightward over the overlapping mountains. Both sides are engaged in a fierce battle at the bridgehead. Setting off this theme is the three gate pillars with the Duke of the East and the Queen Mother of the West, as well as the Feathered Man, the Jade Rabbit pounding medicine, Fuxi, Nuwa, the Prodigy, the Immortals, the beasts, and so on, which are used to express the origins of mankind, the spirituality of the Immortals, and the meaning of eliminating the bad ominous, and protecting the people in the tombs. There are rowing boats and fishermen under the bridge, indicating that there is water flowing under the bridge.
The second group for the front room portrait stone, *** 29. Portraits carved on the four walls, pillars, arches, beams and room roof. This group is engraved in the East Bik, South Bik and West Bik three horizontal forehead of condolence rituals as the center. The main idea is to write out the tomb owner's grief and honor, explaining how many people came to offer sacrifices after his death, and how solemn and pious those who offered sacrifices were, so it is expressed in three sacrificial drawings one after another. Two of them are the owner of the tomb from the officials to his sacrifice of the situation, engraved with holding documents, comet, holding a club, holding an omen in front of the hall, house to meet the condolences to the sacrifice of the many guests; a performance of friends and relatives around the world to send people with gifts to offer the sacrifice of the situation, the painting carves a heavy eaves and double queue of the shrine, the square in front of the shrine display a large number of offerings, worshippers have gotten off the bus to pay homage to the sacrifice. The drums and comets on the east and west sections of the south wall are still part of the sacrificial rituals; the arsenal of weapons and shields on the center column are used to show the identity of the dead and are indirectly related to the sacrificial picture; these are subordinate paintings to the thematic paintings. Setting off this group of thematic ideas, for the room of mythological figures, exotic birds and beasts, such as the green dragon, white tiger, vermilion bird, Xuanwu four gods and exotic birds, exotic beasts, immortals, gods and monsters, pave the head, cloud pattern, etc., the same as the door of the tomb, containing the meaning of the hundred spirits to care for. In addition, there are designed for decorative patterns, such as arch, algae wells on the painting, in the whole group of paintings, only plays a subordinate, complementary role. The top of the two rooms were carved through the Bik pattern and lotus pattern.
The third group is the center of the room portrait stone, **** 32. Portraits carved in the four walls, columns, arches, beams and room top. This group is carved in the four bibs on the horizontal forehead reflecting the life of the owner of the tomb as the center of the portrait, the theme idea is to write the identity of the owner of the tomb and his life of wealth and pleasure. In the main body of this group of paintings, the south bib on the forehead of the western section and the west bib, the north bib on the forehead of the four connected car and horse travel picture is the most important, painted the tomb owner of the identity of the big bureaucrats: many friends and relatives in the mansion, the double queue in front of the welcome to a huge team of car riders from the form of the building of the mansion and car riders after the team no sender, reflecting the owner of the tomb should be the return of the trip. Secondly, the east section of the horizontal mark on the south bib of the harvest feast, engraved grain silos, grain piles, oxcarts filled with grain, the master of the master supervised the servants to load grain into the warehouse of the harvest and the cooks to lift the pig, cattle, peeling goats, brewing, chopping vegetables, cooking stove, etc., drawing the identity of the master of the tomb of the large landowners. Again for the East Bibi on the horizontal forehead of the music and dance on the hundred plays: a large number of Kabuki performers flying swords jumping pills, top block, walking rope, seven pan dance, fish and dragon Man Yan play, car play, horse play, as well as playing the bells, drums, chimes, doxa, play xiaojiao, sheng, yu, ocarina and fiddle, etc., painted the tomb owner's enjoyment during his lifetime. The picture of the stables on the center column of the south wall is still a part of the life of the tomb owner, and is a subordinate painting to the main painting. Setting off this group of thematic ideas, is the room on the horizontal forehead around the lower 9 18 historical stories and historical figures, including the Cangjie create words, Wei Ji, Yao Shun Zen ceded, Duke of Zhou assisted King Cheng, Lin Xiangru returned to Zhao, Jin Linggong vertical dog bite Zhao Dun, Confucius to see the old man, Jing Ke assassinate the King of Qin, Nie Zheng assassinate Han Lei, and so on, and there is a list of title "Cangjie", "Duke Huan of Qi", "Wei Ji", "the Royal", "Qi Servant", "Su Wu", "Uncle Guan", "Lin Xiangru", "Ben Meng", "Tie 揗", "Jin Ling Gong", "Ao (mastiff) also" and other 12 places 48 words. These stories may be the owner of the tomb during his life stories, stories of sages and heroes, may be the owner of the tomb during his life to admire the characters, this is still associated with the main painting. In addition to mythological figures, exotic birds and animals, gods and monsters, East King Gong, West Queen Mother, Buddhist statues, dragons, clouds and other pictures, is also set off the theme of the idea. The same as the front room, the arch, the pillar base, algae wells are also supplemented with lotus pattern, chevron pattern and round cake pattern, etc., and applying black, green and red color painting.
The fourth group for the back room portrait stone, ***8. Distributed in the back room on the partition wall. The back room is the place where the coffin is placed, equal to the person's bedchamber bedchamber left and right, indicating that the husband and wife are buried together, although there is an interval in the middle, but each other can freely come and go. The thematic idea of this group of paintings is to write out the life in the boudoir of the tomb owner and his wife before they were born, which is expressed by the picture of the servant washing the utensils, the lady-in-waiting holding a mirror and holding the trousseau, the picture of the clothes and shoes and the picture of the manservant delivering the food and preparing the horses, and there are the furniture, the daily necessities, the drinking utensils, the weapons, the servants, as well as the Fang Xiangshi, who drove out the evils and drove out the ghosts, and so on. (As in the front and middle rooms, there are also paintings of exotic animals and birds that support the theme and paintings of motifs that complement the theme). One of the most interesting paintings is the one of a dog catching a rat, in which the dog is bowing to pounce and a rat is trembling in front of it, showing a strong flavor of folk life.
The four groups of paintings have their own thematic ideas, but each theme is not isolated but interconnected, they become the tomb owner of a "book of glory and sorrow". They show that the owner of the tomb during his life to build a great career, rich and honorable life, after the death of the funeral rituals of the grand, and expect him to sleep in this magnificent tomb, the blessing of the gods, a thousand years forever.
The entire portrait involves various aspects of war, entertainment, feasting, customs and people, is a microcosm of life in the Han Dynasty, is a mirror for us to look back at the history of the Han Dynasty. According to the available information, in 1994, before the preparation of the Beizhai Han portrait stone tomb museum, the tomb has been excavated three times since the late Qing Dynasty.
One, the excavation during the late Qing Dynasty. In the late qing dynasty, yishui county government had organized the excavation of the tomb, the excavation situation, what is seen, everything is not recorded.
The second, the excavation during 1947. 1947 before the Nationalist attack on the liberated areas of Shandong, the then democratic government was afraid of cultural relics scattered, had organized the force, with more than three hundred workers, to excavate.
At that time, the Yinan county government was located in Nanzhai village, the county government's judicial branch, the Public Security Bureau and other offices in Beizhai village, the "old four regiments" in Nanzhai village rest and recuperation. County government democratic progressives, Senator Liu Foyuan (commonly known as the eleventh young) suggested that the Beizhai "General's grave" excavation, in the county government and Nanzhai village mayor Liu Naizhang's organization, the "old four regiments" and public security, justice section cooperation, the use of some of the village's civilian workers, to carry out excavation. The excavation was organized by the county government and the mayor of Nanzhai village, Liu Naizhang. The excavation began with the cleaning of the top of the tomb sealing soil, dug a large east-west earth ditch in front of the tomb door, demolished the brick wall on both sides of the tomb door, the southeast corner of the tomb top cover stone is no longer there, the northeast corner of the stone between the toilet has a gap, which was smashed by the tomb robbers. After the tomb door was dug open, no tomb door stone was seen; there was nothing more to be found when entering the tomb, except that there was a gray ceramic dog used for burial on the inner side of the tomb door, a human skeleton in front of the back room, and a few pieces of five-baht coins. Seeing nothing, people blocked it again, and before filling in the earth, went to the East Mountain quarry to customize two tomb door stones and a cover top stone, blocking the tomb door and the northeast missing top.
Third, the excavation during 1954. When this sealed underground tomb in the spring of 1954 by the sunlight to shine again, those silent for a thousand years of Han portrait stone can also be re-displayed in front of the world, its exquisite and complete Chinese archaeological community stared with surprise.1953, Yinan Middle School (then located in the village of Nanzhai village, half a mile due south of the village of Beizhai) teacher Comrade Zhou Ke from the crowd learned of the tomb, and then the news was reflected to the Literature and Art Newspaper. On May 30th of the same year, Shandong Provincial Cultural Relics Management Committee sent Jiang Baogeng and Tai Liye to investigate. 1954 spring, East China Cultural Relics Task Force was instructed by the Administration of Social and Cultural Affairs of the Ministry of Culture of the Central Committee, and Shandong Provincial Cultural Relics Management Committee to jointly organize forces to clean up the site. 3 March, Jiang Baogeng and Tai Liye took a train to Yidu by Jinan, and then took a car from Yidu to Su Village, and then walked to Jiehu Township by Su Village, which is the seat of Yinan County People's Government. --then walked from Sucun to Jiehu Town, the seat of the Yinan County People's Government. In Jiehu Town to make good contact work, March 6, early in the morning to start work. Excavation work first started from the tomb road, dug out the tomb road, in order to excavate, and then cleaned up the tomb room. There was a lot of silt and stones in the chamber, and it took a week to clean it up. During the cleaning, it was found that the top of the tomb had been moved before, and some of the stones in front of the top of the tomb had been smashed and fallen into the tomb, so in order to repair the top of the tomb, the sealing soil on the top of the tomb was removed. Since then, one side of the side to wash the tomb, began to make a topography for the portrait stone, one side reported to the East China cultural relics work, please send people to make a drawing and assist in the work of topography. March 18, the task force sent Wang Wenlin, Lizhongwen, Zhang Shiquan, three people to go to the village of Bei Zhai stayed in the 50 days, draw the structure of the tomb, make a good topography of the portrait stone. 28 April, the task force sent Li Lianchun went to take photographs. In order to properly preserve this important relic, after extracting detailed archaeological information, the cultural relics department sealed the tomb in situ for protection. At that time, the Yinan Construction Committee to assist, the tomb will be repaired, the top of the stone movement of the return of the original position, the lack of fill in, and install a new sealing slab, the top of the tomb and the stone door with lime mortar grouting, the tomb with soil filling, the top of the one-meter-thick sealing soil, and finally played a stone marking tree in the top of the tomb door.
In order to celebrate the "May Day" Labor Day, while strengthening the publicity of cultural relics policy, the task force held an exhibition in the Yinan Cultural Center, will be part of the topography of the portrait of the stone on display, the audience of more than 2,000 people, all the work on May 14, the end.
In the summer of 1994, the Yinan county party committee, the county government decided to prepare for the construction of the Beizhai Han portrait stone tomb museum, reported to the State Bureau of Cultural Relics for approval, on the first tomb to re-clean up, development, and excavation of another neighboring tomb --- the second tomb. Excavation work by the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Yinan County Cultural Relics Management Institute jointly, July 17 start, August 3 end.
Both tombs have been stolen many times, and fewer burial objects remain and most of them are destroyed. In particular, the first tomb remains very few relics, in addition to a gray ceramic dog unearthed in 1947 and several five baht coins, the 1954 unearthed complete artifacts only a small ceramic plate (should be a lamp) and a three-pronged copper arrowheads, the rest of the ceramic fragments. Recognizable shapes are three-legged dish, ear cups, lids, lamp base handle (formerly known as bean handle), case, jar bottom, tripod feet, Yu Ming ware fragments.
Tomb No. 2 unearthed 87 pieces of complete and recoverable pottery, stoneware, copper, silver and more than 100 copper coins, as well as traces of iron knives and lacquerware decay. These relics were mainly found in the front chamber, the middle chamber, the west side chamber of the front chamber, the east side chamber of the middle chamber and the coupon door of the partition wall of the back chamber.
The pottery is mainly clay gray pottery, with a small amount of clay red pottery. There are tripods, dish-mouth jugs, head and neck jugs, pots, boxes, plates, bowls, round cases, long programs, ear cups, kui, lamp holders, lamps, kettles, stoves, retorts, boshan stoves, wells, stoves, scoops, stables, dogs, chickens, ducks, etc. The stoneware includes five dragons and three beads, and a small amount of red clay pottery. Stoneware includes three-legged inkstone with five dragons playing with beads, pig, and dai pan; copperware includes female figurines, bubble nails (lacquer accessories), "five baht" money, "Daquan 50" money, and "cargo spring" money; ironware includes knives, coffin nails (all decayed and incompletely restored), and a variety of other items, such as a large number of wooden cups and lamps. （Iron objects include knives and coffin nails (all of which have not been completely restored), and silver objects include small rings. One of the lamp base for the Song Dynasty Boshan porcelain oil lamp, according to expert analysis, this tomb has been stolen in the Song Dynasty, porcelain oil lamp is abandoned after the grave robbers.
Five dragons playing beads three-legged inkstone and bronze female figurines, in the Han Dynasty cultural relics are extremely rare and valuable. Inkstone for limestone, round, ZiMaKou, by the ink stone body and cover composition. Ink stone body round bottom, decorated with three bear feet; ink stone head, line engraved lotus petal pattern and vortex pattern, in which part of the chiseled an oval ink pool; ink stone smooth, sub-mouth flat along; ink stone outer edge and sub-mouth of the upper edge of the line engraved lotus petal pattern. The lid of the inkstone is in the shape of a rounded arc, with a cylindrical protrusion in the center, on which is engraved the "five baht" coin; it is surrounded by five dragons in translucent carving with line-engraved scales on their bodies, with the heads of the dragons close to the "five baht" coin to form a pattern of five dragons playing with a ball of pearl (baht); the periphery of the lid and its outer edges are engraved with line-engraved hook-and-loop cloud motifs. Diameter 19.7 cm, height 7.4 cm. Copper female figurine unearthed in the northeast corner of the east back room, nude, hair combed back, like a scarf conical cap; tall nose, wide mouth; slender body, flat chest, convex belly exposed umbilicus, wide hips; arms slightly curved down, fingers together, palms outward; slightly bent knees, tricked feet. Height 8. 4 centimeters, shoulder width 3. 7 centimeters.
Tomb No. 4, excavated at the same time, is located 100 meters southwest of Tomb No. 1, a small masonry tomb. *** More than 50 pieces of various cultural relics were unearthed, including iron knives, gold rings, pottery barns, pottery pots, and pottery cases.
May 21, 2005, in the first China Linyi Zhuge Liang Cultural Tourism Festival "Yinan Beizhai Han portrait stone academic seminar", the famous scholars, former director of Shandong Provincial Cultural Relics Management Bureau, the former director of the Shandong Museum of stone carving art Mr. Jiang Yingzhuo pointed out that: "1954 Yinan Beizhai Picture Stone Tomb excavation, is the first time in the history of Chinese archaeology with modern archaeological means of scientific excavation of the Picture Stone Tomb, it is a landmark, but also a high point, that it is a landmark, because before this, there is no archaeological significance of the Picture Stone Tomb of the scientific excavation, it is the 1954 Yinan Beizhai Picture Stone Tomb excavation, formally opened to the underground Picture Stone remains for The prelude to large-scale archaeological excavations; that it is a high point, the reason is that the Yinan Beizhai ancient portrait stone tombs give an opportunity for this excavation. Yinan Beizhai Picture Stone Tomb preservation is so complete, so rich in portraits, can be said to be the 'crown' of the work, this is an opportunity; although there are many excavations in the future, but like the Yinan Beizhai Picture Stone Tomb is so complete, so rich in the person is very rare. Yinan ancient portrait stone tomb excavation report has its formation of historical conditions and cognitive level, it still has a strong guiding significance and reference to today's research."
The Yinan Beizhai Picture Stone Tomb Excavation Bulletin and its "Yinan Ancient Picture Stone Tomb Excavation Report" were formally published, which triggered an academic discussion about tombs and pictures, and set off a high tide of research on the culture and art of the Han Dynasty. 2001, "China Cultural Relics Newspaper" organized the "Twentieth Century Literature, Museums, Archaeology and the Best Books" selection, and the document was awarded the "Best Book of the Twentieth Century" award. In 2001, China Cultural Relics Newspaper organized the "Best Book of the Twentieth Century in Literature, Museum and Archaeology" selection, and the document was named "the best archaeological excavation report of the twentieth century. Yinan Beizhai Han portrait stone tomb, a grand scale, the complexity of the structure of the tomb room, beautifully carved portraits, the content is extremely rich, just like a solemn, but also magnificent, beautiful underground mansion, is now found in our country, the preservation of one of the most intact portrait stone tombs, which covers the rich cultural connotations, changes in the picture of the content of all kinds of, can be said to be the crown of the best of all kinds of work. The discovery and excavation of this tomb is an important event in the study of Chinese contemporary archaeology and the study of Han pictographs. Among the Han pictograph tombs in China, it is known as "monumental art monument" because of its structural integrity, rich pictorial content and good preservation. As a word, it has been included in "Dictionary" and "Encyclopedia of China", and has also been introduced in different categories in "World Art History", "Chinese Art History" and "Chinese Architecture History", etc. The picture "Seven Plate Dance" has been introduced in "Chinese Architecture History". The picture "Seven Plate Dance" has been included in Dictionary as the illustration of the entry "Seven Plate Dance"; the picture "Horse and Carriage Traveling Diagram" has been used as the cover of the textbook of "Chinese History" since the 1950's. The picture has also been used as the cover of "Chinese History". The picture "Car and Horse Traveling Diagram" has been used as the cover of the textbook "Chinese History" since the 1950s for several decades. The part of rent collection in the picture "Harvest Feast" has been included in the textbook "Chinese History" for junior high school under the title "Granaries of the landlords' farms". China Central Television (CCTV) and Japan National Television (JNTV) have made special films from the perspective of Chinese civilization. CCTV Channel 2 "walk through China" program, Channel 4 "art investment" program, Channel 10 "exploration and discovery" program, Shandong TV "collection of the world" program, etc. have been filmed, broadcast the feature film, time and again caused a sensation.
May 1954, the Forbidden City, Beijing, held in the main hall of the Noon Gate, "the national capital construction of unearthed artifacts report on the exhibition". The exhibition, from 1955 in the national capital construction of more than 130,000 pieces of cultural relics unearthed in the selection of 3,760 to be displayed, lasted half a year, the audience amounted to more than 170,000. 1954 May, Mao Zedong three times to the Forbidden City Noon Gate Tower to visit the exhibition, each time to see very carefully, when Mao Zedong listened to the narrator on the introduction of the portrait stone unearthed in Yinan County, Shandong Province, and immediately asked, with a smile: "How do you know it is from the Han Dynasty?" The lecturer answered the question in terms of dress and system. Chairman Mao nodded with satisfaction and pointed to the acrobatic pattern on the portrait stone and said to the comrades around him, "This is our acrobatic picture of the Han Dynasty!" When he saw the topography of the portrait stone reflecting the collection of rents by the big landlords at that time, Chairman Mao kindly said to the guards and soldiers following him, "This is the history of China, you have to learn it well."
Chairman Mao's praise of the Yinan Beizhai Han Tomb portrait stone, originally published on October 14, 1977 "Guangming Daily" reporter article "Mao Zedong inspect the museum", Jim Yong Huang in his compilation of "Mao Zedong read ancient factual record", this conversation information to be excerpted. This is so far in the historical record, Yinan Beizhai Han portrait stone tomb to get the only leader of the praise and evaluation. This evaluation, so that people y appreciate the people's leader chairman mao erudite knowledge of ancient and modern, this is our current and even in the future for some time, in-depth study of this important subject of portrait stone, will have a great enlightenment and guidance.
The People's Bank of China from 2006, three consecutive years (2006-2008) issued the 29th Olympic Games commemorative coins, each year issued a group of precious metal coins in which *** six gold coins, 12 silver coins. The main scene of the first of the six gold coins is the ancient Chinese equestrian sport, and the equestrian sports modeling in the pattern is taken from the "equestrian" performance in the "music and dance" of the first tomb. Picture a horse galloping, four hooves in the air, a man's left hand holding a halberd, the right hand holding the saddle, the body in the air, on top of the horse's back. The whole picture is exaggerated and beautiful, strong sense of dynamics, the characters almost completely away from the running horse, dress floating leisure, breathtaking.