Chapter 1: Paul is expelled from school and goes to work as a peon in the station cafeteria after he sprinkles cigarette powder on the priest's hair surface for Easter bread while he's making up a lesson.
Chapter 2: The old Bolshevik Juhlei comes to town to work underground and teaches Paul many things about the revolution, the working class and the class struggle.
Chapter 3: Paul befriends the forester's daughter, Tonya, while fishing at the lake. An unconscious love sneaks into Paul's heart and makes him restless.
Chapter 4: Zhu Helai came to Paul's house to avoid the search of Petliura's bandits. Paul lived with him for 8 days. He learned the truth of life and that the Bolsheviks were a revolutionary party that fought the oppressors and the rich unyieldingly.
Chapter 5: Juhlei is captured by bandits. Paul escapes with Juhleh. Due to Viktor's snitching, Paul is captured and imprisoned at the city defense command.
Chapter 6: Paul escapes from prison and unknowingly runs to the garden of Tonya's house. Tonya begs her mother to let Paul stay.
Chapter 7: The Red Army captures the town of Shebetovka and Soviet power is established. Paul joins the Red Army and becomes a soldier in Kodovsky's cavalry division. During this time, he reads the book "The Gadfly" and is y moved by the strength and death of the gadfly.
Chapter 8: The 1st Buchonian Cavalry breaks through the Polish White Army's defenses and prepares to attack the enemy around Kiev. Paul, who joined this unit, rushed with his comrades to Zhytomyr, the site of enemy headquarters.
Chapter 9: Paul was wounded in a battle capital and was in a coma for 13 days before regaining consciousness.
Chapter 10: Paul is transferred to the main railroad factory as secretary of the **** Youth League and begins a new job.
Chapter 11: The iron ring that life hoops around Paul has broken, and he picks up a new weapon, walks back into the ranks, and begins a new life.
Expanded InformationWriting Background:
How Iron is Made is a long novel by Soviet writer Nikolai Ostrovsky, written in 1933. The novel tells people through the recounting of Paul Kochagin's path of growth that only when a person defeats the enemy as well as himself in the hardships of the revolution, and only when he links his own pursuits with the interests of the motherland and the people, will he create miracles and grow up to be a warrior of iron and steel.
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, with the end of the New Economic Policy and the establishment of the Stalinist political and economic system, there was also a demand for a high degree of centralization and unity in the world of literature and art. The Stalinist state educated young people with the idea of "unification".
Particular attention was paid to the important role of literature and art in the cultivation of ****anitarian moral qualities in young people. Stalin required that literary works should "pursue direct propaganda purposes", and many of them were written to instill in young people "****anitarian ideals". ".
However, a true classic should be a unity of rich artistic aesthetics and rich spiritual connotations, and should not become a microphone for a certain kind of will, and the classic Russian literature is just such a unity.
In these works, the nostalgia for the vast black land of Russia, the face of suffering, the ideal yearning, physical desire, the pursuit of the spirit, the flow of prolonged poetic, burning heart escape, etc., have been seamlessly blended together by the masters. And "Steel" has clearly not reached such heights, ideologically or artistically.
About the author:
Nikolai Ayekseevich Ostrovsky (1904-1936), a revolutionary writer of the Soviet proletariat, was born in Ukraine in a family of ordinary workers, began his labor career at the age of 12, joined the **** Youth League at the age of 15, and took part in the civil war in defense of Soviet power.