Jingxi Tai Ping Drum is a folk dance of Mentougou District, Beijing, one of the national intangible cultural heritages.
Taipinggu is a traditional dance of the common people's self-entertainment, collective inheritance and collective development, which has a broad popular base and deep historical origin, and plays an important role in local folk activities. The Taiping Drum has been circulating in Beijing since the Ming Dynasty, and in the early Qing Dynasty, the Taiping Drum was extremely popular both inside and outside the capital.
On May 20, 2006, Jingxi Taipinggu was listed as one of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritages, Item No. Ⅲ-1.
Basic Introduction Chinese name ：Jingxi Taipinggu Approval time ：May 20, 2006 Intangible heritage level ：National level Declaring unit ：Mentougou District of Beijing Municipality Type of heritage ：Traditional Dance Heritage No. Ⅲ-1 Historical origin, dance characteristics, performance form, performance, performance, dance characteristics, performance, performance, performance, performance, performance, performance. Ching Tai Ping Drums According to historical records, Tai Ping Drums were initially associated with exorcism. The Taiping Drum Na Chun originated from the ancient witchcraft, which is a sacrificial ceremony used to get rid of evil spirits. In the central Han region, the rituals with a single and sheepskin drums as the expulsion device. Drumming rituals have been around for a long time, and their origin is to get rid of plague and pray for peace. According to the "Rituals - the month" records, the Spring and Autumn period, "the order of the Division of the big exorcism, side limbs, out of the soil cattle, in order to send the cold air". Ancient people in the waxing or waxing one day before beating the drum to dispel the epidemic, hence the name. Lv's Spring and Autumn - seasonal winter ";" order the Division of Nuo Nuo side of the limbs." Han Gao note: "today's people wax year before the day by the drum to drive away the epidemic, called by removing." Spring drums to get rid of Chong, this ancient custom has a history of more than two thousand years from the present day. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the drum fresh sacrificial function weakened, began to appear in the feast scene, in order to increase the festive atmosphere, and become a fashion. According to historical records, the main dances with drums are Pan Dance, Scabbard Dance, Duo Dance, Whisk Dance, White Storage and so on. At that time, the Scabbard Dance used a small drum with a handle, which was close to the shape of the Taiping Drum. The "Scabbard and Drum" is a dance prop. Jin Dynasty, "Scabbard Dance" style has been continued, "Scabbard and Drum" performance is mainly used for military and folk rituals. Scabbard and drum dance was performed in the army banquets, and was introduced to the folk by the government banquets. In the period of North and South Dynasties, despite the development of Buddhism, Taoism had a great influence on the civil society. Scabbard drum, this single-sided sheepskin drum is a sorcerer, Taoist priests: get rid of ghosts Luan magic weapon. Tang dynasty zhang ku "zhou member outside the seat on the view top branch" poem said: "painted drum drag ring brocade arm hustle, small e double change dance clothes." "Painted drum" means that the drum surface is elegant and beautiful, and "drag ring" means that there is an iron ring under the handle of the drum. Based on the analysis of the poem, it is similar to the dance form of the contemporary Taiping Drum. This performance top branch dance drum is relatively light, already has all the characteristics of contemporary single drum. Song Dynasty folk the big exorcism by epidemic called "playing the night Hu", according to analysis, "interrupt" the word that is the source of dry "playing the night Hu". In the early years of the Song dynasty drums were banned, renamed "interrupt". "Interrupt" is the most popular Song Dynasty folk dance with drums, also used to dispel epidemics and ward off evil spells, the use of single-skin drums. The late Ming and early Qing thinker Wang Fuzhi's "Jiangzhai Wenji . Miscellaneous Zan . Taiping Drum" records: the Northern Song Dynasty Chongning, Daguan years, inside and outside the capital city streets, there are drums and flutes clapboard singing, known as "interrupt". Political and early years, the official order to prohibit, renamed "Taiping Drum". In summary, the long history of the Taiping Drum dance, in the late Northern period is still mainly used for witchcraft rituals, the late Northern Song Dynasty called "interrupt", after the official ban, renamed "Taiping Drum". Beijing is the capital of the Liao and Jin dynasties, the national culture is eclectic, the traditional culture of the Han nationality has been inherited and developed. The Yuan Dynasty period advocates Buddhism, Beijing West Zhenguo Temple, Dajingshousi Buddhist temple fair is extremely prevalent, inclusive of a variety of folk art content, Taiping Drum art also has a good performance. In the Ming Dynasty, the mainstream of Taiping Drums had nothing to do with witchcraft, and became a popular folk dance in both urban and rural areas. Taiping Drum in the capital as a folk dance, the Ming Dynasty has been stereotyped, urban and rural folk drummers are mostly women and children. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, "The Scenery of the Imperial Capital" recorded: "Children play drums, evening and evening to dawn, said Taiping Drums." This Lantern Festival during the day and night drumming scene, it is the Ming Dynasty, the capital of economic prosperity, people enjoy the performance. Qing Dynasty, Beijing folk dance is the continuation of the Taiping Drum, is the most prevalent dance form of the Han Chinese people. Kangxi and Qianlong period is especially prosperous, Wang Qishu "water Cao Qing leisure record", Qian Zai "Wing Tai Ping Drum" are recorded inside and outside the capital playing the drums of the pomp and circumstance. During the Qing Dynasty, the drums were called "New Year's Drums", and in the first month of each year, the drums were played by the people, which was a unique feature of Beijing's countryside and townships. Beijing Western Peace Drum In the court of the old calendar New Year's Eve, also to play the Taiping Drum, to take the "peace" meaning; and folk playing the Taiping Drum, is the pursuit of peace and prosperity, the country, the people and the pursuit of a peaceful and happy life and hope. Taiping Drum dance sound and emotion, not only enlivened the festive atmosphere, adding fun to life, to a certain extent, also sends the people's beautiful psychological needs and aspirations. He Er of the Qing Dynasty wrote in his "Bamboo Poems of Yantai": "The iron ring vibrates the drums, and the years are coming to an end with groups of jumping jacks. Seeing that there is an image of peace, the sound of the Qu song is the same as that of the Yandai song." This is a record of the joyful scene of folk playing the Taiping Drum, and it is also an expression of people's feelings of looking forward to peace and enjoying too much. According to historical records, the Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenever the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival, the folk with an iron circle on the single skin for the drum, shaped like a fan, the drum handle on the set of iron rings, drums shake the ring, while dancing and singing. Can be seen in the Beijing area in the Spring Festival to play the Taiping drum this custom has a long history. On May 20, 2006, "Western Beijing Taiping Drums" was declared by Mentougou District and was the first to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list. On June 7, 2008, "Shijingshan Tai Ping Drum" (Shijingshan District) and "Odd Village Tai Ping Drum" (Fengtai District) were listed as extensions of the national intangible cultural heritage project "Beijing West Tai Ping Drum" respectively. (Shijingshan District) and "Odd Village Tai Ping Drum" (Fengtai District) were respectively listed as the extension programs of the national intangible cultural heritage program "Beijing West Tai Ping Drum". In 2009, the Tai Ping Drum of Sujiatuo Village in Haidian District and the Tai Ping Drum of Fangshan District were also added to the Tai Ping Drum Extension Program. The addition of these regions has expanded the scope of the Western Beijing Taiping Drum. In line with the historical reality, beneficial to the Taiheidu folk art connotation of the rich, more conducive to the popularization of the art of Taiheidu, development and improvement. Dance Characteristics Performance Forms There are usually two types of performance forms for the drum, either dancing while playing or singing between playing. Dance while playing, this form of performance is mainly dancers in different drums, accompanied by different dance movements, dance can not be separated from the drums, drums and dance with the changes. When performing, the performers beat the drums and shake the ring on one side, and move and jump on the other side. When jumping, people combined with dance steps, twisting the waist, while the front hit, reverse hit, drum heart, drum along the drum, up and down, left and right tremor iron ring drum method constantly hit the drum. Performance characteristics Taihei Drum music is mainly composed of two parts, namely, "drums" and "singing". Drums" is both the name of the set, but also the music of the song, to two-quarter beat more. Drum beat rhythm to the quarter note-based, artists say "single drum point"; to the eighth note and sixteenth note-based, known as the "double drum point". Local artists call "singing songs" also known as "singing rope songs" or "singing rope tune". Singing words are generally characters, allusions, seasonal flowers and plants and the big truth, the tune is a popular local folk tunes. When singing, first sing the sequence, then sing the main section. Dance Customs The drums are most active in Lunar New Year and the first month of the year, and are very attractive in the local folk activities at that time of the year, and the people play the drums in anticipation of peace and prosperity of the country and the people. Playing the Taiping Drums not only brings out the festive atmosphere, but also reflects the festive customs of Beijing to some extent. Jingxi Tai Ping Drum The Tai Ping Drum has retained a variety of routines, playing styles and genres due to its popularity among the people. There are twelve sets of movements that have been passed down. Taiping Drum has a complete set of folk body language, in which the basic rhythm of women is "twisting force", "trembling force" (a statement that women's foot-binding customs related to the feudal era); male dancers are characterized by the rhythm of the "product" and "strength". The male dancers' movements are characterized by "slogging strength" and "burdensome strength". Tai Ping Drums of Sujiatuo Village, Haidian District The Tai Ping Drums of Sujiatuo Village were listed in the third batch of Beijing's Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2009.
Haidian District, Sujiatuo Town is located in Beijing four Miaofeng Mountain Temple ancient incense Road eastern climbing starting point, the place of the local Taiping drums have a long history, rumored to be the Qing Dynasty by the rich women passed out. Taiping drums in the court was given to the emperor, the princes and ministers to perform to watch, with the official Yan goblet flavor, after passing out in the Haidian District, after the mountain Su Jiatuo area, very popular. Jingxi Tai Ping Drum Sujiatuo Village Tai Ping Drum performance routine is rich in drums, drums are bright and fast, formation changes are varied, women's movements are small and charming media, men's movements are strong and powerful. Fengtai Odd Village Tai Ping Drums Fengtai Odd Village, formerly known as Odd Village, belonged to Wanping County during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Legend has it that the Tai Ping Drums of Odd Village were passed down from the palace maidens, and were initially performed for the royal officials and ministers. The standard of the performance was so high that it became popular in the suburbs of the capital as soon as it was popularized. The dance of Odd Village Tai Ping Drums is light and subtle, with a fast rhythm, high skill and artistic value, and full of rich life flavor. The villagers are determined to pass on the Tai Ping Drum and protect it as a traditional art. Tai Ping Drums of Gucheng Village, Shijingshan District Shijingshan District used to be part of Wanping County, where Tai Ping Drums have a history of more than 200 years, and are most prevalent in the villages of Wulituo, Modekou, Beixing'an, Gucheng Village, Liu Niangfu, and Nanya Menkou. After the founding of New China, this region's Taiping Drums have participated in performances in Tiananmen Square and the Auspicious Theater. Tai Ping Drums are mainly passed down through families; secondly, villagers learn from each other and perform them; and thirdly, they are brought from foreign villages due to marriages. Tai Ping Drum dance in Shijingshan District is mostly performed by women, who play the drums according to the rhythmic changes of the drums, showing different dance routines, with fun and humor and a strong sense of life. Tai Ping Drum dance while playing, or between playing and singing, drums and dance organic cooperation. The drum is both a musical instrument and a prop. People hold the drum in their left hand and beat the drum with their right hand, dancing with the rhythm of the drum. Small-footed women playing the Taiping Drum most "twisting power" "trembling power"; men play well, there is a unique "fan power" and "burgundy power! "Tai Ping Drums in Nga Men Kou, Shijingshan District, Wulituo and other villages Nga Men Kou, Shijingshan District, is a large village with a population of more than 4,000 as of May 2016, and the majority of its people have been citizens who have left the agricultural sector since ancient times, and the playing of tai ping drums by middle-aged and elderly women in the 1950s was a major attraction in the village. The village has twenty to thirty families prevalent playing the Taiping Drum, small-footed old ladies dance delicate and light, middle-aged women transforming feet of the dance movements calm and capable, young girls learned sports in school, playing the drums to stretch the movement beautifully, each with its own characteristics, so that the Taiping Drum is said to be a folk art with the times. Liulichu Village Taiping Drum Team In Shijingshan District, the tunes of the villages are different, and in the past, people knew which village's Taiping Drum by listening to what was being sung: Liu Niangfu Village sang "Four Happiness Songs"; Mode Kou Village sang "Sorrowful Tune"; Wulituo Village sang "Hundred Flowers"; Nga Menkou Village sang "Ancient Names of the Twelve Decembers". Tai Ping Drums of Tiankai Village, Fangshan District Beijing's Fangshan District, Kushankou Village, Beiganchi Village and Tiankai Village are close to the mountainous area, where Tai Ping Drums were prevalent in the old days. The Tai Ping Drums of Tiankai Village are one of the most prominent representatives of the Tai Ping Drums, which have been performed as early as during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, with a history of more than 300 years. There are many routines of Tai Ping Drum performance in Tiankai Village, which can be categorized into single-string flower fence, double-string flower fence, three-ringed set of the moon, single jump, two-dragon play beads, walking eight, gourd song, phoenix single wing, double wing, positive curtain, reverse curtain, six-step, eight-step, twenty-step, twenty-four-step, and so on. Inheritance Protection Inheritance Value From the production process of the drums to the multi-component roles played by the drums in the dances in terms of athleticism, fun and improvisation, the Taiping Drums have already transcended the simple function of being a carrier of musical instruments and sound, and have become the artifacts with a strong symbol of regional culture in the region, which is a sign of the cultural identity of the local people. As a typical Beijing traditional folk dance, the excavation, rescue and protection of the Taiping drum will lead to and promote the promotion of folk dance in the whole Beijing area. Discovering, rescuing and protecting the Taiping Drum has a certain role in promoting the enrichment and improvement of Beijing's folk culture. Current Situation of Inheritance The Odd Village Taiping Drum is a contemporary remnant of the traditional drum culture of northern China, which can provide a reference for the study of Beijing's local history and culture. Due to changes in the living environment, there is a lack of successors for the Odd Village Tai Ping Drum, which is in urgent need of rescue and protection. The villagers of Odd Village are committed to cultivating a reserve force of Tai Ping Drum performers, digging up and organizing precious data that will soon be lost, and drawing action charts to pass on the Tai Ping Drum, a popular folk art form, in its entirety. Inheritors Gao Hongwei, male, Han nationality, born in 1969, a native of Sanjiadian Village, Mentougou District, Beijing In February 2008, Gao Hongwei was selected as a representative inheritor of the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage projects, declared by Mentougou District, Beijing. Protective measures In the autumn of 1983, in the Ringing Temple, Tanzhe Li recorded Mentougou Tai Ping Drum art documentary, organized by the Beijing People's Art Museum Dong Minzhi, Ruan Lanyu, etc., the performers for the Mentougou famous Tai Ping Drum artists Lu Xianglin, Gao Dengqi, Li Quanyou, Zhang Yucheng, Yan Laotaita, Zhang Yuru and the Cultural Center, Jiao Zhigang. Bao Shixuan to Mentougou District at that time, "folk art ten integrated" consultant identity invited to participate, and shot a number of Tai Ping Drum artists and performances of color photographs, specific records of this historical event. Beijing West Tai Ping Drum In March 1984, Mentougou District Cultural Center held a training course for Tai Ping Drum, located in the courtyard of the Cultural Center. Coach by the drum artist GaoDianQi, LuXiangLin and cultural center dance cadres JiaoZhiGang as, by the music cadres DongXiuSen, LiuChangTai is responsible for the drum beat rhythm control. There were more than 20 young men and women learners, and many of them later grew up to become the backbone of the inheritance of Mentougou District Taiping Drum. On June 14, 2008, the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects was announced, and the Shijingshan District Tai Ping Drum and the Fengtai District Odd Village Tai Ping Drum were added to the Beijing West Tai Ping Drum project. Social Impact Important Activities On October 1, 1949, when New China was founded, Mentougou District Tai Ping Drum Team came to Tiananmen Square to take part in the jubilant performance of the Founding Ceremony. In 1952, the circle door Li Xidian Village Taiheidu artist Fan Baoshan organized two Taiheidu learning class. West Beijing mining district *** small coal kiln trade unions to the peace drum renamed "peace drum" for the representatives to participate in the inaugural meeting of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles (China Federation of Literary and Art Circles) to carry out folkloric performances. The performance of the Beijing Municipal Working People's Cultural Officer, so that the drum for the first time into the Beijing city of literature and art stage. From then on, the Beijing West Pacific Drum folk art is recognized by all walks of life. Beijing West Pacific Drum 1982 to 1984, Mentougou Lantern Festival Lantern Festival was held for three consecutive years, at that time in Beijing was the headline news of major newspapers. In Mentougou District, there was a great revival of the excellent traditional folk culture. In April 1988, Mentougou District held the first International Kite Festival, and the Folk Flower Festival and Taiping Drums participated in the opening folk art performance of the Kite Festival. Since then, it has been held for many times, among which the 8th Kite Festival was co-organized with the 3rd China Folk Art Festival in 1995, and all kinds of folk arts in Mentougou District have been revived and developed. In September 1990, Mentougou organized an 800-member Tai Ping Drum performance team to represent Beijing to participate in the opening ceremony of the 11th Asian Games in Beijing. Honors In 1956, a Beijing cultural group participated in the "World Youth Festival" held in Warsaw, the capital of Poland, and performed the re-adapted Jingxi Tai Ping Drums, which won the silver medal, and for the first time, the Jingxi Tai Ping Drums were put on the stage of the world's cultural and artistic performances. In the Spring Festival of 1984, the first Longtan Lake Folk Flower Festival Competition was held in Beijing. With the support of the Jade Factory in Kowloon, Gao Dianqi and other eight people participated in the competition and won the excellent performance award. In the Spring Festival of 1988, Gao Dianqi of Sanjiadian Village led the Tai Ping Drum Team of Sanjiadian Village to participate in the Fourth Longtan Lake Folk Flower Festival Competition and won the first prize.