In the spring, when everything is revived, the Royal River water, Datong ancient capital in the spring breeze exudes youthful vigor, the ancient city wall in the warm sunshine, for people to show their beautiful face, she is like a kind grandmother is smiling at our rapid change and rapid development, Datong in the spring is full of vibrant scenes, grass also quietly poked his head out to enjoy the touch of the spring breeze, the grass also quietly poked his head out to enjoy the spring breeze, the grass also quietly poked his head out to enjoy the touch of the spring breeze, the grass also quietly poked his head out to enjoy the touch of the spring breeze, the grass also quietly poked its head out to enjoy the touch of the spring breeze, the grass also poked its head out to enjoy the spring breeze. She was so comfortable, dancing with the people's happy songs, and there were cheerful crowds everywhere, all of them busy sowing the hope of spring.
In summer, the fiery passion and hospitality of the townspeople are busy inviting guests from all directions in, inviting them to swim in the sea of our history, look at the beautiful Yungang Buddha, see the kindness, see the warmth; look at the Huayan Temple, see the sculptures and ancient buildings that have been passed down for thousands of years. When the night comes, that is the unique climate of Datong, a burst of cool wind blew away the scorching heat of the day, summer people gathered in the square, ecological garden, the Royal River, enjoying the municipal projects to bring us a good place to go, relaxing themselves, and delighting in the mood.
Autumn is coming, it is the good season of harvest. The counties around Datong are the most bustling places to go, and people are walking in the neat vegetable sheds, under the fruit trees, and in the wheat fields with golden rays, wherever they go, it is the scene of harvest. Datong's products are many and varied, the most famous of which are buckwheat, oat noodles, millet, yellow flowers, astragalus. The diversity of products brought people material abundance, and gradually to the rich people's faces are full of happy smiles, that smile ah, is fragrant and sweet, flowing with people's love for their hometown.
Winter came, a flurry of snow in the sky tumbling, chasing, to the beautiful ancient capital put on a silver coat. With the popularity of centralized heating, this time Datong everywhere warm, people at home to enjoy our hometown for us to provide another product ------ coal. After a busy year people began to relax, people began to prepare the annual goods, visit friends and relatives, the restaurant is since less, that the famous Fenglin Ge, Yonghe Food House, Kunlun Restaurant and so on, everywhere is good food. Other people will be jealous of the people of Datong, because we are too blessed, not only to eat the national cuisine, but also to eat Datong's unique cold noodles, knife-shaved noodles, oat noodles, the taste of the envy of the outsiders.
Datong, my hometown, I am proud of you, your beauty is showing the world, because we all have a **** the same desire, that is, the world is the same.
Datong, known as Yunzhong and Pingcheng in ancient times, is a prefecture-level city in Shanxi Province, one of the central cities in China's Jin, Hebei, and Mongolia junction areas and an important comprehensive energy base[1], as determined by the State Council. As of 2018, the city has four districts and six counties under its jurisdiction, with a total area of 14,056 square kilometers, a built-up area of 202.74 square kilometers, a resident population of 3,456,000 people, an urban population of 2,211,000 people, and an urbanization rate of 63.97%. [2]
Datong is located in North China, north of Shanxi, the center of the Datong Basin, the junction of Jin, Hebei and Mongolia provinces and regions, the northeastern edge of the Loess Plateau, the barrier of the whole of Jin, the gateway to the north, and the chokehold Jin, Hebei, Inner Mongolia of the throat of the key, the north of China's largest port of entry to Mongolia Erlianhot, is the vice-center of the Shanxi Province, the place where the military must contend for generations, there are "the key to the north" of the name. [3]
Datong is one of the first national historical and cultural cities, was the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Liao and Jin capitals, there are many monuments in the territory, famous cultural relics, including the Yungang Grottoes, Huayan Temple, Shanhua Temple, Hengshan Suspended Temple, Nine Dragons' Cliffs, etc. [3], it is one of China's first 13 larger cities, one of the nine ancient capitals in China, the national new energy demonstration city, the Chinese excellent tourist city, the national Garden City [4], National Model City of Double Support, National Transportation Hub City, Sculpture Capital of China, and Top Ten Sports and Leisure Cities of China. [5][6][7]
Dongtong is one of the largest coal energy bases in China, a national heavy chemical energy base, and the midpoint of the Shenfu and Jungar emerging energy zones and the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan developed industrial zone. It is known as "Phoenix City" and "China's Coal Capital". On August 13, 2019, it was selected as a pilot city for the construction of a national urban medical consortium. [8]
Chinese name
Datong
Foreign name
Datong, Датун, ? Датун, ?Датун, ?Датун, ?
Alias
Yunzhong, Pingcheng, Phoenix
Administrative Regions
Prefecture Level City
Affiliated Regions
North China
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History
Datong City Wall
Stone Age in the Datong area found and excavated in Yanggao County, located in the ancient town of Xujiaoyao village south of the discovery of human fossils. Xu Jiayao people are the descendants of the Beijing people, about 100,000 years ago when they migrated to the west, encountered the Datong Lake barrier, settled in this area. At the same time, in Datong City, west of the Qing Magnet kiln, small station, Zuoyun Jiajia kiln, Guangling wash horse Zhuang and other places have found a number of Paleolithic sites, counting thousands of pieces of beaten stoneware products. Fossilized mammals were born with this ****. Typical Neolithic fine stone tools and pottery fragments, including finely beaten stone cones, stone clusters, stone adzes, stone axes, stone pestles and mortars, have been found in the banks of the Wujhou River, the Royal River and the Sanggan River, as well as in the town of Gaoshan in Datong, the Nanliang of Yungang, the Xicun of Zhenchuan, the Nanliang of Zhenchuan, the Guishan Mountain, the Shanlongmen, the Liu'an kiln, the Jijiizhuang of Datong County, the Old Gaoxuan in Zuoyun County, the Louzitong of Tianzhen County, the Huihua of Guangling County, the Fotang Temple of Datong County, the Liyu of Hunyuan, and other places. There are gray pottery, red pottery and colored pottery, with various patterns, shapes and mouth shapes, and the experts concluded that as far as 100,000 years ago, there were human beings working and living in this area.
During the Spring and Autumn period, the Datong area was inhabited by the Northern Di. Northern Di refers to the nomadic tribe of hunting for a living Lin Hu, Lou Wu. According to the "Strategy of the Warring States - the interpretation of the land", "now north of Shanxi Bali state, the former Lou annoyance Hu land; Datong, north of Shuozhou, the former Lin Hu land." The area from Datong to Hetao in Inner Mongolia was a place of Linhu activities during the Spring and Autumn Period. (Tang) Emperor Yao appointed the son of the Xihu clan as the Elder of Beiyue, and his second son and uncle came to the residence. In the Classic of Mountains and Seas, ancient Datong was a country of ancient peace. Shang Tang sealed the same surname in this place and established the country on behalf of his son. [12]
Beginning of the Warring States period was the State of Daiko, which was later incorporated into the land of Zhao. According to the Records of the Grand Historian (史记-赵世家), Zi Lu told Zhao Jianzi, "The son of the lord will take over the two kingdoms in the north, and all of them are surnamed Zi." And Jane Zi died, no blood to establish, is Xiang Zi, north of the summer house, so that the Zai people manipulation of copper bucket killed the king of Dai, and then raised troops to level the Dai land. [12]
In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang unified the six kingdoms, abolished the feudal system, set up counties, the country set up 36 counties, now Datong territory for the Yanmen County, Dai County. At that time, the recorded cities were: Pingcheng, Dai, Shanwu, Yanling, Pingshu, Wuzhousai, Xincheng, Banshi, and Manyi. Qin Shihuang sent his general Mengtian to lead an army of 300,000 to attack the Xiongnu in the north, and enlisted the people to build the Great Wall, which was located in the valley east of Zuoyun Gaoshan and ten miles west of Yungang, "to build the city of Wuzhousai to prepare for the hu." [13]
The Western Han Dynasty followed the Qin county system, and its land is still Yanmen County, Dai County. Yanmen County belongs to the Department of the Assassins of Hezhou. Along the Shanwu, **** jurisdiction over 14 counties: Shanwu, Woyang, Fanchi, Zhongling, yin pavilion, building annoyance, Wuzhou, Wangtao, dramatically Yang, thieves, dike, Ma Yi, Kian Yin, Pingcheng, Pingcheng for the eastern lieutenant rule. Daixian County belongs to the Youzhou Assassins Department, the seat of Sanggan, *** jurisdiction over 18 counties, 10 counties in the territory of present-day Datong: Daoren, Gao Liu, Ban, Sheshi, Pingshu, Yanling, Lingqiu, and Ru, Pingyi, and Sengho. [13]
In East Han Dynasty, each state set up a state pastor, and later changed the state pastor to an assassin. The land was Yanmen and Dai County. Yanmen County belongs to the Department of Assassins of Hezhou, and is governed by Yinduan, which belongs to fourteen counties, four of which are located in Datong today: Fanchi, Wuzhou, Thang, and Pingcheng. Dai County belongs to Youzhou Assassins Department, ruling Gao Liu, belonging to the county eleven, there are six counties in the territory of present-day Datong City: Gao Liu, Daoren, Ban, Sheshi, Beipingyi, Pingshu. Jianwu in, lu fang's rebellion, along the border eight and abolished, migrate yanmen, dai county people in changshan pass, juyongguan east. Jianwu twenty-seventh year (51) reset county, since the good no move yanmen county rule yin pavilion, county still belongs to. Its generation of county rule high willow. "Jian'an in the province of Yunzhong, Dingxiang five counties, the establishment of the emerging county in Taiyuan boundary, the county for a county under the, and set up Pingcheng County in the hook note defile south, to belong to." At the end of the Han Dynasty, the world is in chaos, defile north of the land abandoned as a desert. Jian'an twenty years (215) Cao Cao crusade Wuhuan, pacify the generation of land. An set of northern counties of the people, in today's Dai County, five miles east of Pingcheng County, belonging to the emerging county of Hebei Province. In the first year of the Huangchu era (220), the state was reestablished, and Pingcheng belonged to Yanmen County in the state. Whether belonging to the emerging county of Jizhou Pingcheng, or Yanmen County, Pingcheng, are the same name and different places, not today's Datong. [13]
Wenying Lake Scenic Area
During the Three Kingdoms period, the area was occupied by Wuhuan and Xianbei. During the time of Emperor Ming of Han Dynasty (58-75), Tongguang Temple was built in Pingcheng, the earliest Buddhist temple in Datong. [13]
In the Jin Dynasty, Datong was the territory of the Xianbei in the north and Yanmen County in the south, when the county was moved to Guangwu, with the following counties: Guangwu, Thin Mountain, Wangtao, Pingcheng, Junren, Fanchi, Yuanping, and Mayi. In the fourth year of Yongjia (310), Liu Kun, the pastor of Jin Province, wrote a letter to Emperor Huai of Jin, requesting to confer the title of Duke of Dai on the Xianbei Tuoba Yilu for the rescue work of Tuoba Yilu. In the first year of Jianxing (313), Tuoba Yilu set Shengle as the northern capital, and repaired the former Pingcheng of Qin and Han dynasties as the southern capital, and Pingcheng was returned to its former rule, belonging to the State of Dai. [14]
Northern Wei Tuoba Gui moved from Shengle to Pingcheng in 398 A.D., changed his name to Emperor, changed his name to Tianxing, and set up Si Zhou, Dai Yin, and ruled Dai Du Pingcheng. He moved 3,000 families of guards, magnates, and officials from six states and 22 counties to Dai County. He carried out a series of large-scale construction of the capital, including "building palaces, temples, and altars of worship". In the following month, "I ordered all the officials to exceed the plan of the capital city and to make the suburbs", and delineated the scope of the capital city: "from the east to Daixian County, from the west to Shanwu, from the south to Yinkan, and from the north to Senghe. West to the river (Yellow River), south to Zhongshan Aimen Sei, north to the five plains, place thousands of miles." And set up the four sides of the four-dimensional, set eight Department of marshal troops to guard the town. [14]
Datong
North Qi Tianbao first year (550) of the Eastern Wei Dynasty was replaced by the Northern Qi, Datong for the Northern Hengzhou, Northern Shuozhou, belonging to the county has not changed significantly. In the seventh year of Tianbao (556), the town of Heng'an was changed to Heng'an Town (present-day Datong), also known as Dongzhou City, which was subordinate to Taiping County of Hengzhou, and 3,000 families were migrated to the town to realize it. In the following year, the town was abolished and remained as Northern Hengzhou. Between Zhou and Qi, the Turkic peoples were getting stronger and stronger. In order to defend against the Turkic peoples, Zoran and Khitan, the Great Wall was built in the third year of Tianbao (552), from the West River to the Bohai Sea in the east for more than 200 kilometers. Tianbao six years (555) to send 1.8 million people to build the Great Wall, from Youzhou Xiakou, west to Hengzhou more than 450 kilometers. In the seventh year of Tianbao (556), the Great Wall was first built from Qinshu, the chief of the West River, east to the sea. Before and after the construction of the East and West where more than 1,000 kilometers. [15]
In 557 AD, Western Wei was replaced by Northern Zhou. Jiande six years (577) after the destruction of Qi, the state and the abolition of the county, resumed the town of Heng'an, changed Shuozhou to set up the North Shuozhou General Administration. Taiping County was changed to Yunzhong County (the beginning of Datong's name Yunzhong). Lingqiu belonged to Weizhou, and was the capital of Lingqiu County. [15]
After the reunification of China in the first year of the reign of Kaihuang in the Sui Dynasty (581), the prefectures were changed into counties, and the land was the land of Maiyi County and Yanmen County. Maiyi County, governed by the Sunyang, Sunyang, Shenwu, Yunnei, Kaiyang. Yanmen County is ruled by Yanmen County, which governs Yanmen, Fanchi, Thi County, Wutai and Lingqiu. Heng'an Town was under Yunnei County of Ma'yi County. In the fifth year of Kaihuang (585), the Daizhou General Administration was set up. Sui in order to defend the Turkic invasion, Daye three years (607) "send Ding men more than a million to build the Great Wall, the west from Yulin, east to Zihe, a ten days and stop". 615 AD August Yang Guang tour of the northern part of the Seychelles, Turkic learns, led 100,000 soldiers attacked the Seychelles, Yang Guang was forced to retreat to Yanmen, in all parts of the military and civilian reinforcements, Yang Guang only to break the siege and go. The next year, Turkic again, was repelled by Li Yuan with troops. [15]
In the early Tang Dynasty, the state and county system was implemented according to Sui. Wude four years (621) Ping Liu Wuzhou, resumed in the former town of Hengan set North Hengzhou. Wude six years (623) in Yanmen County of Lingqiu separately set up Uizhou. In the seventh year of Wude (624), North Hengzhou was abolished. In the first year of the reign of Zhenguan (627), the world was divided into 13 provinces, with Yun, Wei, Shuo and other states belonging to the Hedong Province. Yunzhou is governed by Yunzhong, with the county of Yunzhong under its jurisdiction. Uizhou rule Xingtang, jurisdiction Xingtang, Flying Fox, Lingqiu. Shuo Prefecture was under the rule of Shanwu, with the jurisdiction of Shanyang and Maiyi. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Hunyuan Prefecture was set up under the name of Hunyuan River, and Yingzhou Prefecture was set up under the name of Yanmen Mountain and Longshou Mountain echoing north and south. In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), Dingxiang County was set up in the former Yunnei County, which was also the capital of Yunzhou. In the third year of Longshuo (663), the Yunzhong Prefecture was established. Yongchun first year (682) for the East Turkic Murthy broken, the state and county are abolished, move the people in Shuozhou. In the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), the county was re-established and changed Dingxiang to Yunzhong County. The state of North Hengzhou was abolished as the city of Dongzhou, and the state of Yunzhou was re-established. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Yunzhou was changed to Yunzhong County. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Yunzhou was renamed Yunzhong County. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), Yunzhong County was renamed Yunzhou. In the third year of Huichang (843), Yunzhou and Weizhou became the Datong Road, and were removed from the Hedong area, and a regiment was set up to rule Yunzhou. In the 10th year of the reign of Xiantong (869), the Datong Army was established. In the second year of the reign (882), the Datong Sectors were changed to the Yanmen Sectors. In the fourth year (884), Yunzhou was subordinate to Hedong Road. After the Tang Dynasty, all the military governors in the Central Plains were in charge of military affairs, and the defense ambassador of Datong was led by the assassin of Yunzhou, who governed the three states of Yun, Wei, and Shuo. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Yunzhou area became the main area of contention between the Shatuo and Tugukhun Helianduo Departments. It was also the place where Li Keyun and his son made their fortune. In the third year of Qianfu (876), Li Guochang, the son of the Datong military governor, Kexu, who was the Yunzhong guarding and catching envoy, killed the defense envoy, and was reported to be based on the state. Xizong pardoned Kexu, with Guochang for the Datong Army Defense Envoy, but did not take orders. Guangming first year (880) Li Zhuo attack Guochang, Guochang defeated, and Kexu run north. *** nest into the capital, the imperial edict issued on behalf of the northern army, looking for amnesty Guochang, so that the discussion of Fu, Kexu rate of 35,000 riders and the south, the collection of the capital work first, Guochang Feng Longxi County King. Guochang died, Kexu take Yunzhou. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, feudalism, Yunzhou was caught in a long war, and then Li Kexu's son, Li Cunxin Castrol, exterminated Liang and became Emperor Zhuangzong of the Tang Dynasty. [15]
During the Five Dynasties, the area was occupied by the Later Tang Dynasty, and there were no major changes in the division of the area. Yunzhong County was the capital of Yunzhou and belonged to the Hedong Road. Li Kexun and Qidan Yelu A Baoji met in Yunzhou East City, easy to robe horse for brothers, because of the meaning of "think of the people", renamed Huairen County; Later Tang Zhuangzong Tongguang two years (924) analysis of the Uizhou Xingtang County to set up the Guangling County (now Guangling County). Later Tang Emperor Zhuangzong Tongguang three years (925) to Yunzhou for Datong army section. In the third year of Qingtai (936), Shi Jing瑭, the rebel Hedong Sectional Minister, worshipped the Khitan Lord Yelu Deguang as his father, and borrowed the Khitan soldiers to exterminate the Later Tang Dynasty, and claimed the title of Emperor, with the state name of Jin. He ceded the 16 states of Yanyun to the Khitan for their help. Yunzhong magistrate Wu Ruan "closed the door from the orders of the Khitan", repair equipment, defending the city day and night, insisted on half a year, "Ruan begged for help Jin, Jin Lord called Ruan south to return", the fall of Yunzhou. Thus, Datong was successively ruled by Khitan, Jurchen and Mongol