Wei Yuan, with the character Wen Yuan, was a native of Jianchang County (now Nancheng County, Jiangxi Province). Yongle four years (A.D. 1406), because of the age of too young, the emperor specifically ordered him to enter the honorary return, reading waiting for use. Later, he served as the imperial inspector of Fujian, Guangxi and Guizhou. He once recognized that Huang Ziwei, the governor of Songjiang, had been falsely accused, and he also asked for tax relief for fishermen in the eastern part of Zhejiang Province.
He served as governor of Shaanxi, when an epidemic epidemic occurred in Xi'an, the need to save a lot of people, he specifically reported that: "Shaanxi places *** *** have accumulated grain about 19 million stones (about 1.14 million tons, Shaanxi was a border area, to prepare a lot of food supply military needs), enough to support ten years, and now there is a big epidemic here! Now there is a big epidemic here, affecting the normal cultivation of farmers, requesting consent for farmers to use the Da Ming Bao notes instead of paying the summer and autumn taxes (Ming system: each year in the summer and autumn two levies, the summer tax is limited to June to pay off, the autumn tax is limited to November to pay off, so it is known as the "two taxes" (there is also said that because of its division into household tax, land tax two. The Ming Dynasty issued banknotes to alleviate the shortage of copper, but because of the indiscriminate issuance and quality, even the Ming Dynasty officials were not allowed to use them to pay taxes, and they became a deformed means of plundering wealth). The higher-ups (probably the emperor) agreed.
The local minority in Liangzhou was ready to rebel, and he immediately took measures to respond, resulting in the rebellion subsided. On two occasions, when he met the death of a relative in his family, he was asked to come out as an official right away for special reasons. In the first year of the Hongxi era (1425 AD), he became the deputy press commissioner of Zhejiang Province.
Xuande three years (A.D. 1428) was reappointed as the right minister of the Ministry of Justice. Xuande five years, Henan drought, the local people have fled, the emperor believes that Wei Yuan for the official integrity and ability, appointed him as Henan left Buzhengzhi, deadline to the office. At that time, he had already let Lang Xu Kou first to deal with the drought, and the court assembly discussed and passed the request for the original because of the worry at home to keep filial piety, Li Changqi immediately come back to life. Wei Yuan arrived, and Xu Gou, Li Changqi after discussion, the victims of food distribution, exemption from taxes and levies, the people gradually returned to their hometowns, and soon, the drought because of the arrival of the rainy season was alleviated, but also because of the measures taken, there was a bumper harvest. In the eighth year of Xuande, Wei Yuan was recruited back to the capital and appointed as the left minister of the Ministry of Justice. The next year, Xuande nine years, Yongfeng (now Yongfeng County, Jiangxi Province) people Xia Jiuxu, etc. occupy the Dapanshan for the chaos, the emperor thought Wei Yuan is a Jiangxi, familiar with the local situation, ordered him to go to deal with the local matters, the Governor Ren Li rate of troops to follow his appointment, but the two have not yet arrived, Xia Jiuxu, etc. were captured by the official army, so the emperor ordered the two to Sichuan to collect wood, while assisting in the defense of Sichuan.
After the reign of Emperor Yingzong, Wei Yuan was appointed Minister of Justice, Zhengtong two years (1437 AD), was ordered to deal with the defense of Datong, Xuanfu border towns, was allowed to act cheaply. So Wei Yuan sent Governor Li Qian and Yang Hong to guard Dushi, and transferred Wanquan Wei Commander Du Heng to guard Guangxi. The next year, and because of the age of the Datong general officer Tan Guang, asked the emperor to send Huang Zhen, Yang Hong as the right and left generals to assist in the handling. Wei Yuan through these measures, the Xuan, big area of the situation completely in hand, under the generals at all levels of him are very respectful, do not dare to disobey. He also set up additional barriers in the dangerous areas to guard against foreign minorities, exempted the troops should pay the rent, refurbishment of armaments, storage of firearms to cope with the sudden *** situation, the original should be in the military service, but use the privilege to escape from the rich and powerful people are afraid of Wei Yuan, have to return to the service. Wei Yuan also used the reason that the army was undisciplined to call back Lu Rui, the Commander of the Imperial Royal Palace, and recommended Yu Qian, the Minister of War, to the court as the Counselor of the Zhen Guan. It was only rejected because Yu Qian needed to guard Shanxi and Henan. However, what he did touched the interests of the powerful nobles, and the verbal officials wrote to say that Wei Yuan, as the head of the frontier, interfered in the appointment of the head of another frontier, which was ill-intentioned, and that when he was the imperial historian he had taken advantage of the emperor's trust to privately swallow the loot of the officials who had committed crimes by seizing them. The emperor did not pay any attention to these memorials because Wei Yuan had done great service to the court. However, afterward Wei Yuan learned of these sangs, and on his return to the court, he quarreled with Chen Zhi, the imperial historian, at the place where he was on duty in the cabinet, and Chen Zhi told the emperor about it. The emperor issued an imperial edict chastising both men.
In this year (Zhengtong 3 years) there was a drought, Wei Yuan intended to collect and organize his own difficult cases to publish and distribute, in order to be implemented as an official guide to reduce the occurrence of wrongful convictions, the report has just been sent up. Soon after, Wei Yuan was sent to prison together with the minister, He Wenyuan, for misjudging the cases, but he was pardoned. But again because in the investigation of the Liao Wang Zhu Gui boiled the situation, submitted the sonata did not mention that the Liao Wang in the family has hurt the wind, extinction of the acts of heaven and again and the relevant officials in prison for punishment. It was only after a few months that he was released and reinstated.
Wei Yuan worked in the Ministry of Justice for a long time, he handled the judgment of the case, generally very generous, for unreasonable places, often adjusted. The Shaanxi Commander at the time told him that he was counting the military ministers, general prisoners, according to the current regulations, such people are generally paid only half of the cost of living, and have to go to the farthest place to banish the border. Wei Yuan heard this and felt that this was not good, and made a special petition to abolish this provision. Langzhong Lin Hou suggested: prohibit those who specialize in suing difficult lawyers to participate in litigation, strictly prohibit false accusations, the judge to avoid, convicted of felonies to talk about the evidence, strictly prohibit the use of torture 4 suggestions, Wei Yuan think good, strong support for this, because of Wei Yuan's insistence, these reasonable measures can be implemented.
Zhengtong 6 years later, because of leg disease, Wei Yuan only in the first day of the month, the 15th two days of the dynasty, to participate in the deliberation of state affairs. In the 8th year of Zhengtong, Wei Yuan officially retired, and soon after, he died.
2. 文言文：魏源传 公姓魏,名源,字文渊. The full text of the translation and answersTranslation:
Wei Yuan, the word Wen Yuan, Jianchang County people. In the fourth year of Yongle, he passed the examination for jinshi, and was authorized to supervise the imperial censor. He recognized the false accusation of Huang Ziwei, the governor of Songjiang, and appealed to reduce the taxes of fishermen along the east coast of Zhejiang. Wei Yuan went on a tour to inspect Shaanxi, where a great plague broke out in Xi'an, and treated and saved many people. He appealed to the government, saying, "The grain stored in the granaries of the various governments is more than 10.9 million stones, which is enough to last for ten years. Now that the people have been hindered in their farming by the occurrence of the plague, I request (that) they be allowed to pay banknotes in lieu of half of the two taxes." The emperor listened to his request. Twice he suffered the bereavement of his parents, and both times he was reappointed during the mourning period. In the fifth year of the Xuande reign, the region south of the Yellow River suffered from famine due to drought, and most of the people moved from one place to another. The emperor considered Wei Yuan to be honest and upright, and appointed him as the Left Minister of Prefecture, and sent him to his post quickly by post horse. At that time, Xu Gou, the minister, went to Henan to pacify the victims, and the court discussed and employed Li Changqi, who was in mourning at home, so that he could be reinstated in his official position. Wei Yuan, Xu Gou and Li Changqi opened the granary to provide relief, exempted the arrears of taxes and all kinds of chores, and the exiled people gradually returned to their homes. Soon, the rain also fell, the year of grain harvest. After three years, Wei Yuan was recalled to the court, the Ministry of Justice, left minister. The next year, the people of Yongfeng Xia Jiuxu and other occupation of Dapanshan rebellion. The emperor thought Wei Yuan was from Jiangxi, ordered him to go to pacify, the governor Ren Li rate of troops followed. Before arriving, the government troops had already captured Xia Jiuxu, so the emperor ordered the two of them to collect timber in Sichuan, and at the same time rectify the border affairs. When Emperor Yingzong came to the throne, Wei Yuan was promoted to the post of Minister of Justice. In the second year of Zhengtong, Wei Yuan was ordered to rectify the border towns of Datong and Xuanfu, and he was allowed to make his own decisions to deal with things according to the situation. Wei Yuan dispatched Commander Li Qian to guard Dushi. He inspected the fortresses of Tiancheng and Shuozhou and ordered the generals and officials to guard them in different districts. Set up Wei Yuan Wei, increased the construction of Kaiping and Longmen Castle, and from Dushi to Xuanfu, set up additional forts to look out for the enemy. Exempted the rent and tax of the troops for one year, stored firearms as border defense equipment, and those who were dependent on the powerful and wealthy to evade military service were all integrated into the army. Soon, because of Xuanfu, Datong military affairs for a long time lax, request the court to recall the governor Commander of the Imperial Palace Lu Rui, recommended the Ministry of War Minister Yu Qian as the town counselor. At this time, the admonition of the border without authorization to change the setup minister as Wei Yuan's crime, together with the negligence impeachment of him. The emperor thought that Wei Yuan had merit, placed not to be pursued. Things finished back to the court, Wei Yuan and the imperial censor Chen Zhi in the duty room to scold each other, Chen Zhi reported this matter to the emperor, the emperor issued an imperial edict, rebuked both of them. One year there was a drought, Wei Yuan reviewed and submitted difficult cases, and requested to implement to the whole country, the court replied in favor. Soon after, he was convicted for improperly deciding a case and was imprisoned together with He Wenyuan, the minister of the court. After being pardoned, Wei Yuan was sentenced to imprisonment together with the officials of the three departments of the court for having reported the crimes committed by the Liao King Zhu Gui Boiled, and for not saying anything about the civil strife that was related to him. After a few months, Wei Yuan was released and reinstated. Wei Yuan had been in the Ministry of Justice for a long time, and most of his cases were decided in a calm and lenient manner. The Commander of the Shaanxi Commandery, Ji Zi, said that military officials who committed other crimes would be given a halving of their salaries (as a punishment) and deposed to the most remote places, as if they had committed other crimes of the same special category. Wei Yuan thought what he said was too harsh and petitioned to stop the practice. Six years, because of foot disease, the court ordered him to attend court only on the first and fifteenth. In eight years, he retired home and died.
Answer:
12. ()（报：批复）
13. (② wrote that Wei Yuan was reappointed during the two mourning periods, and (③) wrote that the emperor valued Wei Yuan and appointed him. The answer can be reached by eliminating the options containing ② ③.)
14. (The phrase "did not report to the court" is not understood correctly; the original phrase "奏寝之" means "to report to stop the practice. > 15. Translate the underlined sentences into modern Chinese. (8 points)
(1) the matter is completed to return to the court, and all the imperial censor Chen Zhi phase insult in straight hut. Zhi to smell, the imperial edict of the two responsible for it. (4 points)
Ans: things done back to the court, Wei Yuan and the imperial censor Chen Zhi in the duty room scold each other, Chen Zhi to report this matter to the emperor, the emperor issued an imperial edict, rebuked both of them. ("finished" "insulted" "to hear" 1 point each, the general idea of 1 point)
(2) to be excused, the above Liao Wang Gui boiled the crime, do not say that it is the matter of internal strife, and the three officials are tied up in the imperial prison. (4 points)
(4 points)
Ans: to be forgiven, and because of the uplifting of the Liao Wang Zhu Gui Boiled crime, not to say the matter of the civil unrest related to him, and the three Division officials together are all put into the imperial prison. ("forgive" "on" "system" 1 point each, the general idea 1 point)
3. Translate an ancient text, Zhang Juzheng big biography ofZhang Juzheng "and Wang Jizin on the righteousness of the ruler and the minister" original text In the days of Tang and Yu, the nine officials and twelve ministers, each with his own ability, did not have to be a man of Yuji, and all the premiers, and then cozy in the heart? The first is that the first is the first to be a member of the family, and the second is the first to be a member of the family.
Now Yao and Shun are on the top, and they are the only ones who have been appointed to the post, and the servant has to fulfill the line of the Guan Yu, and we have to use the world's wise men and women to serve on the top.
The public is alone proudly far away from the lead, lamenting the adoration of the nest by the mockery of the Yu Qi, wanting to go beyond the points that can not be escaped, and back to the time that is not easy to get, which is not simulated by the stupid Meng. Although, people have their own aspirations, how can we force each other? I am not sure what I mean by this, but I think it is a good idea for me to say that I am not a good person.
The translation of Tang Yao and Yu Shun's era, (the world) with nine central officials twelve state officials, talented people, (everyone) each (for the country) to serve, can not everyone must be known as the Dayu, Houji, positions are in the prime minister, and then to be able to heartache it? I am really glad to have met such a wonderful age. Now that a saintly ruler like Yao and Shun is on the throne, appointing loyal and wise men, I personally fulfill my duty of recommending wise men to the emperor, and I work diligently day and night to appoint wise men from all over the world to serve the emperor.
Scholars are born in this day and age, and there is no escape from morality; it is enough to do according to the times. However, you are proudly traveling far away, lamenting and admiring hermits like Chao Fu and Xu Yu, and ridiculing virtuous men like Xia Yu and Qi, and you want to escape from the inescapable duty and turn your back on the good times which are not easy to come across, this is a foolish and unclear heart which has not yet been enlightened.
But I am not sure how I can force you to do so, since everyone has his own will. For the time being, I would like to tell you what I have in mind, and I hope that a wise man will decide what is right and what is wrong.
It also refers to the era of Yao and Shun, which the ancients thought was a time of peace and prosperity.
The Records of the Grand Historian (史记-汲郑列传)：""Your Majesty has a lot of desires inside and is kind and righteous outside. Guo Moruo "Starry Night - Lone Bamboo Jun's Two Sons" poem: "I seem to be in the Tang Yu era before."
2. Nine officials: nine ministers set by Shun. The Book of Han - Liu Xiang biography: "I heard that Shun ordered nine officials, Jiji to give way, and to the extent."
Yan Shigu note: "Shangshu": Yu made Sikong, abandoned Houji, Chee Situ, blame Carefree for the Shi,垂***工, Yi 朕虞, Bo Yi rank Zong, Kui Dengle, Long Nayan, where nine officials also." Tang Du Mu "on the lieutenant of Li on *** book": "Although the nine officials Shun, ten people Zuo Zhou, school in the lieutenant, not comparable."
Later referred to the central officials of the nine ministers and six departments.
Song Ye Shih, "Jigang I": "Since Yao and Shun have come, outside the Yue Mu, within the nine officials, one to the system, issued to the text."
"Book - Shun Code": "Consulting ten two pastoral. Said: food is only time, soft far can be near, Tunde Yun Yuan, and difficult to appoint people, barbarians rate service."
Cai Shen set of passages: "twelve pastoral, twelve state pastoral also." Ming Tang Shunzhi "court test policy": "Although the philosophers such as Yao and Shun, and three years of performance, three exams deposed Yu Ming, within the nine officials, sixteen phases of the Yue Mu initiative, outside the four Yue, twelve pastors to the responsibility of the general leader."
Qing Hou Fangwei "cronyism": "In the past, the world of the holy and bright, Yuan Kai's wisdom, must be with the nine officials, twelve pastoral acquaintance also." Later generalized to refer to the ancient magistrate.
Qing Wei Yuan "" Sheng Wu Ji " narrative ":" Taste the Zhou, Han, Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming of the middle leaf carry on ...... people see its material cloud cloth in the nine columns, twelve pastoral, but do not know that it is haggard in the irrigation of the Mang also." 4, division division: numerous appearance.
Song Su Shi "Zi Chen Temple on the first day of the word": "Want to know the peace of the whole thing, the division division of the heron full of clouds." Zhang Binglin "Su Zheng Proverbs": "Division division group of officials, cloth in the nine ****."
5, Jiji: numerous appearance. "Poetry - Daya - dry foot": "Looking at the dry foot, hazelnut Jizi."
Mao Zhuan: "Jiji, numerous." Tang Lu Lun's poem "The Morning Pilgrimage on the New Year's Day" said, "There are a lot of people in Jizi, and they are dancing and dancing with a lot of barbarians."
Zheng Guanying, Dangerous Words of the Shengshi - Western Learning: "I don't believe that there will be a lot of people who are not talented after a few years." Li Jieren, "***" Part III, Chapter 9: "The large square is already crowded with people."
6, hundred premier (kuí): Prime Minister of the state. Book - Shun Dian": "Na in the hundred premier, the hundred premier when the narrative."
Cai Shen Jiezhuan: "Premier, premise of the government of the official, but the Tang and Yu have, as if the week of the Tsukazai also." The old book of Tang dynasty - dai zong Ji: "Tang Yu occasion, within the hundred premier, common government but and."
Song Wang Anshi "Kui said": "There will be governance in the world, then can be no phase, so the appointment of Yu to house the hundred premier also."
And for the Son of Heaven, open the four doors, bright four eyes, up to four smart, good questions, good to see the word of the future." 7, cozy heart: fast heart, satisfied.
"Later Han Book - Yang Biao biography": "The Division School Captain Yang ball therefore played the execution of Fu, the world is not cozy."
Fong Chou-yi's "Words of Hui Feng", Volume 1: "Often, the word is made, and they are also cozy, so it seems that there is no need to change it again." 8, belonging to the appointment: appointment, appointment.
The Records of the Grand Historian - Xiao Xiangguo Shijia: "On this exclusive any Guanzhong matter." Han Xunyue "Han Ji - Gaozu Ji II": "Xiang Wang raspy scolding, thousands of people are all destroyed, but can not belong to the appointment of the virtuous general, especially the courage of the piffle ear."
Song Su Zhe "on Zhang Jie can not be used Zazi": "I have repeatedly thought that the words, and the court is the meaning of the right to ask not decline." Qing Xu Qianxue, "Nalan Jun epitaph": "This is also enough to know that on the so-appointed is not a day."
9, servant: used to refer to themselves as the word of modesty, I. 10, groveling: personal fulfillment.
Kong Congzi - Jiayan: "(Zhongni) said that the former king, groveling humility."
Northern History - Pei Chivalry: "Chivalry is thrifty and frugal, loves people like a son, and eats only beans, wheat, salt and vegetables." 11, through the fish: "Yi - stripped": "six five, through the fish to the palace people, favor, no adverse."
Wang Bi note: "Through the fish, that is, this many Yin also, parallel head phase, like through the fish also." Gao Heng note: "Through, through also.
Through the fish each phase of the second, shall not be over, in order to metaphorical people have a scheduled order ...... lines: rulers such as through the fish of the scheduled order, with the Palace and favor, take turns when the evening, the Palace will not be jealous of favor, jealous of each other, and no disadvantage." Later referred to the second into the imperial, not favoritism.
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty - Wenyuan biography -. In the fourth year of Yongle, he graduated with a bachelor's degree. In addition to the supervision of the imperial historian. Recognize the Songjiang governor Huang Ziwei false. Played to reduce the east of zhejiang coastal fishing lessons. Tour of Shaanxi. Xi'an pandemic, treatment and survival of many. Said: "the provinces warehouse corn accumulation of more than 19 million stones, enough to support ten years. Now the people's epidemic impede agriculture, please lose money instead of half of the two taxes." From. Two suffered mourning, all restored.
Xuande five years, Henan drought, more people migrate. The emperor to the source of honesty and integrity, the order for the left Buzhengzhi, the appointment of the Chiyi. When the Minister Xu Kou to the Fushu, Tingli and up to the worry of the Bu Zhengzhi Li Changqi original official. Source and contour, Changqi issued granaries, exemptions, stragglers gradually return. Rain also fell, the year of great abundance. Residence for three years, called back, authorized the Ministry of Justice, left minister. Next year, Yongfeng people Xia Jiuxu, according to Dapanshan for the chaos. The emperor to the source of Jiangxi people, the order of the pacification, Governor Ren Li Shuai soldiers with it. Did not arrive, the official army captured nine Xu, because the two were ordered to pick wood in Sichuan, and order border affairs.
Emperor Yingzong ascended to the throne, into the book. Zhengtong two years in May order to rectify Datong, Xuanfu side, allow cheap action. Source sent Governor Commander Li Qian guard Dushi. According to the line Tiancheng, Shuozhou all the dangers, so that will be guarded by officials. Set up Wei Yuan Wei, additional repair Kaiping, Longmen City, from Dushi to Xuanfu, additional pier beacons. Tuen army rent free for a year, storage of firearms for the border, all according to the power and nobility to avoid service all brackets back to the army. Seek to Xuan, large military affairs for a long time slack, please call back the governor Commander of the Imperial Palace Lu Rui, and recommended the Ministry of the Army Minister Yu Qian for the town Counselor. The court did not listen. So the officials to the border without authorization to set the Minister for the source of the crime, and impeachment of the疏. The emperor to the source of labor, put no questions. The matter is completed to return to the court, and all the imperial censor Chen Zhizhi insulted in straight hut. Zhi to hear, the edict of the two responsible.
Years of drought, recorded on the suspected prison, and please implement in the world, the report can be. Rotation sitting in jail improperly, with the groom He Wenyuan prison. Excused, the above Liao Wang Gui boiled crime, do not say that its internal disorder, and the three officials are tied to the imperial prison. Exhausted months, released to return to duty. Source in the Ministry of justice for a long time, discuss prison more than peace and forgiveness. Shaanxi Commander counting the capital said, military ministers miscellaneous crimes, give half salary, banished to the extreme side. The source of the profound, play sleep. Six years, with foot disease order towards the solstice. Eight years, to serve, died.
Translation:
Wei Yuan, word Wen Yuan, Jianchang County people. Yongle four years passed the entrance examination, and was authorized to supervise the imperial censor. He recognized the false accusation of Huang Ziwei, the governor of Songjiang, and appealed to reduce the tax of fishermen along the east coast of Zhejiang. Wei Yuan went on a tour to inspect Shaanxi, where a great plague broke out in Xi'an, and treated and saved many people. He appealed to the government, saying, "The grain stored in the granaries of the various governments is more than 10.9 million stones, which is enough to last for ten years. Now that the people have been hindered in their farming by the occurrence of the plague, I request (that they be allowed) to pay banknotes in lieu of half of the two taxes." The emperor listened to his request. Twice he suffered the bereavement of his parents, and both times he was reappointed during the mourning period.
In the fifth year of Xuande, there was a famine in the region south of the Yellow River due to drought, and most of the people moved around. The emperor thought Wei Yuan was honest and upright, and appointed him as the left minister, so that he could go to his post quickly by post horse. At that time, Xu Gou, the minister, went to Henan to pacify the victims, and the court discussed and employed Li Changqi, who was in mourning at home, so that he could be reinstated in his official position. Wei Yuan, Xu Gou and Li Changqi opened the granary to provide relief, exempted the arrears of taxes and all kinds of chores, and the exiled people gradually returned to their homes. Soon, the rain also fell, the year of grain harvest. After three years, Wei Yuan was recalled to the court, the Ministry of Justice, left minister. The next year, the people of Yongfeng Xia Jiuxu and other occupation of Dapanshan rebellion. The emperor thought Wei Yuan was from Jiangxi, ordered him to go to pacify, the governor Ren Li rate of troops followed. Before arriving, the official army has captured Xia Jiuxu, so the emperor ordered the two of them to collect wood in Sichuan, while rectifying the border affairs.
Emperor Yingzong became the throne, (Wei Yuan) was promoted to the Ministry of Justice. In the second year of Zhengtong, Wei Yuan was ordered to fix the border towns of Datong and Xuanfu, and was allowed to make his own decisions on matters according to the situation. Wei Yuan dispatched Commander Li Qian to guard Dushi. He inspected the fortresses of Tiancheng and Shuozhou and ordered the generals and officials to guard them in different districts. Set up Wei Yuan Wei, increased the construction of Kaiping and Longmen Castle, and from Dushi to Xuanfu, set up additional forts to look out for the enemy. Exempted the rent and tax of the troops for one year, stored firearms as border defense equipment, and those who were dependent on the powerful and wealthy to evade military service were all integrated into the army. Soon, because of Xuanfu, Datong military affairs for a long time lax, request the court to recall the governor Commander of the Imperial Palace Lu Rui, recommended the Ministry of War Minister Yu Qian as the town counselor. At this time, the admonition of the border without authorization to change the setup minister as Wei Yuan's crime, together with the negligence impeachment of him. The emperor thought that Wei Yuan had merit, placed not to be pursued. Things finished back to the court, Wei Yuan and the imperial censor Chen Zhi in the duty room scold each other, Chen Zhi reported this matter to the emperor, the emperor issued an imperial edict, blamed both of them.
One year there was a drought, Wei Yuan reviewed the difficult cases, and asked to implement the whole country, the court agreed. Soon after, he was convicted of improperly deciding cases, and was imprisoned together with the minister, He Wenyuan. After being pardoned, Wei Yuan was sentenced to imprisonment together with the officials of the three departments of the court for having reported the crimes committed by the Liao King Zhu Gui Boiled, and for not saying anything about the civil strife that was related to him. After a few months, Wei Yuan was released and reinstated. Wei Yuan had been in the Ministry of Justice for a long time, and most of his cases were decided in a calm and lenient manner. The Commander of the Shaanxi Commandery, Ji Zi, said that military officials who committed other crimes would be given a halving of their salaries (as a punishment) and deposed to the most remote places, as if they had committed other crimes of the same special category. Wei Yuan thought what he said was too harsh and petitioned to stop the practice. Six years, because of foot disease, the court ordered him to attend court only on the first and fifteenth. In eight years, he retired home and died.
5. Read the following materials: is the book why made(1) to learn the strengths of foreign countries, to resist foreign aggression.
Such as the establishment of factories, manufacturing ships and guns, the establishment of civil industry, learning the Western methods of military training, the use of new weapons to equip the army, the establishment of additional naval division. (2) At that time, it reflected that after the Opium War, the advanced people in the intellectuals of the landlord class began to face the world and pay attention to the study of real problems.
(3) Wei Yuan's thinking is patriotic and progressive. Because in the face of the national crisis, Wei Yuan broke through the ideological constraints of closed-door, proposed to learn from the West, master the strengths of the enemy, to overcome the enemy, which is an important manifestation of his patriotism and progress.
His thought reflects that after the Opium War, the advanced people in the intellectuals of the landlord class began to face the world, pay attention to the world, and pay attention to the study of real problems.