One, the wooden flute room
Traditional wooden flute room directly to the round wood as a material, the construction of the first flush wood, in the two ends of the cut out interface, and then will be the round wood head and tail inlaid, the size of the head are all flush, constituting a four-sided fence. Then set up purlins, directly lay long wooden tiles, and use stones to tightly press the wooden boards. Between the round logs are smeared with cow dung or mud to protect them from wind and cold.
The vast majority of the wood-lined houses of the Mosuo people on Lugu Lake consist of four houses of varying sizes in a quadrangle, one being the main house, with the sutra hall on the left and the corral on the right, and a square opposite the main house with a two-story building.
The main room for the whole family meals, housewives rest and storage of food and sundry places; opposite the building is divided into a number of small rooms, is the "Axia" lover even live in the place; the layout of the room is more complex, there is the main room, the upper room, the lower room, the back room, storage, and so on.
Two, clothing
Lijiang area Naxi men's clothing and the local Han Chinese the same, plus wear sheepskin shawls in winter, Zhongdian around the wear lapel-length shirt, with knee-high fat leg pants, the waist tied sheepskin pockets, tie legs. The men in Nyingchi, Yongning, Yanyuan and Muli areas wear short shirts and long pants, and the men in the Nyingchi area also like to wear bracelets, and the old people wear long linen shirts without collars, plus green cloth kangshi and belts.
The dress of Naxi women varies from region to region. Naxi women in Lijiang wear knee-length, wide-waisted, large-sleeved coats, plus a kangshi, a pleated girdle around their waists, long pants underneath, and sheepskin shawls. Nyingchi Naxi women wear short shirts, pleated skirts that are long enough to reach the ground, draped in sheepskin, wrapped in green cloth turbans, and wear earrings and bracelets made of gold, silver, jade, and stone, and like to wear "sheepskin belts" or "waist belts".
Sheepskin belt made of cotton, each about four and a half feet long, about two inches wide, must be used in pairs. The girth belt is so elaborate that it is only worn on festivals. It is a pair of cotton belts about three feet long and two inches wide, embroidered with patterns such as potted chrysanthemums and two dragons playing with pearls. Yongning Naxi women braid a thick wig with hair from a yak's tail, then wrap a large circle of blue and black silk thread around the outside of the wig and drape the thread back to the waist.
Three major festivals
Sacrifice of Heaven Sacrifice of Heaven is one of the biggest ceremonies of the Naxi Dongba religion and the biggest traditional festival of the Naxi folk, which is held during the first month. In the past, the Naxi people took the sacrifice of the sky as one of the signs of whether the Naxi people, as the saying goes, "Naxi is the one who sacrifices the sky". Sacrifice to the sky is initially a form of ancient nature worship of the Naxi people, and later it will be associated with the nation's matrilineal ancestor and patrilineal ancestor worship. In contemporary times, this grand festival has been preserved in some of the more remote villages, and in recent years there has been an increase in the number of villages that have resumed the traditional festival of sacrificing to the sky.
New Year in the first month of the lunar New Year in the Naxi language called "by Benji Zheng", also known as "Ku Shi", meaning "New Year". During the festival, Naxi folk to hold a series of traditional activities to celebrate the old and welcome the new.
"Stick will" Lunar New Year's Day 15, is the Naxi people of a unique traditional festival, folk called "stick will". On this day, the four rural farmers early in the morning to the Lijiang Old Town, the Old Town from the Sifang Street to the gate of the area, people such as the tide, shoulder to shoulder, the streets are full of bamboo, wood, iron farming tools and a variety of fruit tree seedlings, flowers, etc., "stick will" marks the end of the Spring Festival Festival, the beginning of the spring plowing production. Now, this festival still exists, but the place of the festival has been changed in the ancient city near held.
Four, painting and sculpture
Painting and sculpture is an important part of Naxi Dongba religious art. Dongba painting can be divided into wooden painting, bamboo brush painting, cardboard painting and scroll painting. Wooden plate painting is divided into two kinds: pointed and flat.
The pointed wooden sign painting generally painted gods and spirits and is considered to be good nature spirit "Department", coloring; flat head-shaped wooden sign painting all kinds of ghosts and monsters, not coloring. Naxi wooden sign painting and China's Northwest unearthed Han Dynasty human face-shaped wooden signs have inheritance relationship, wooden signs painted on the ghosts and gods and then inserted in the ground ritual custom, originally ancient Qiang people's ancient customs.
Bamboo brush painting mainly refers to the writing of the Dongba scripture pointed bamboo brush painted pictures, including the scripture cover binding, scripture title page painting, title map, illustrations, etc., there are white and color. Cardboard paintings refer to paintings on hard cards made of multiple layers of thick paper bonded together, and are divided into divination cardboard paintings, paintings of natural gods "Department" and the five crowns of Dongba. Scroll painting is painted on cloth scroll paintings of various deities, Dongba ceremonies held on the temporary set up on the sutra hall.
The masterpiece of the scroll paintings is the "Divine Path", which is 15-20 meters long and depicts the three realms of ghosts, gods, and humans, with nearly 400 images of human gods, ghosts, and animals. The painting is used for funeral rites and rituals for overcoming the dead. Dongba sculptures include face sculptures, clay sculptures and wood sculptures. Dongba painting and sculpture has a rough and straightforward, natural and simple style.
V. Religious beliefs
Naxi is a nation of many religions, both faith in the native religion of the people - Dongba religion, but also believe in Tibetan Buddhism, Chinese Buddhism and Taoism, a variety of religions compatible **** existence, each in its own way, have their own believers, but in the countryside, the largest number of believers is the Dongba religion.
Dongbaism is the most popular religion in the countryside.
Dongbaism has a significant impact on the social life of the Naxi people, the national spirit, cultural practices, is the backbone of the Naxi people in the pluralistic religious beliefs, is in the Naxi people in the clan and tribal alliances in the period of the original beliefs on the basis of the development, and then, in different historical periods gradually absorbed some of the contents of the Tibetan religion, Tibetan Buddhism, etc., the formation of a unique national religion The form
. It has its own system of rituals, a huge system of ghosts and gods, and classics to go with the various rituals. Pan-spiritual beliefs, nature worship, ancestor worship, divination, and the basic idea that "nature and man are brothers" are the main features of the Dongba religion.
Sixth, songs and dances
Naxi folk songs and dances are many, representative of the "hot beauty consultation", "feed Morda", "A Li Li" and so on. Among them, "hot beauty consultation" commonly known as "hot hot consultation" or "Wo hot hot", belongs to the world's rare, well-preserved living fossil of the original song and dance. These songs and dances are sung and danced alongside each other, and with easy steps, one person leads the singing and the crowd.
There are two forms of dance in "Feeding Merda": one is the half-circle type. Male and female dance partners in a semicircle, led by a singer, the rest in turn after the right hand on the left shoulder of the former, followed by the left hand naturally down, according to the counterclockwise direction, stepping on the rhythm of the singing and marching slowly. Every time to the last beat of the song, the congregation bowed, nodded and stepped once.
The second is the double half-circle style. Men and women separated, each into a half circle, men's team with the same hand, women's team hand in hand, according to the counterclockwise direction of marching, men and women each have a lead singer and dancer, the two teams sing to each other and constantly changing graphics, or into a circle, or go 'dragon spitting water', or 'around the twist' and so on.
Expanded
The Naxi people are an ethnic minority group living in the upper and middle reaches of the Jinsha River in China. In addition to a small number of distributions in Muli, Yanyuan, Yanbian counties of Sichuan Province and Mangkang County of the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Naxi people live mainly in the ancient city of Lijiang City in the northwestern part of Yunnan Province, in the Yulong Naxi Zizhixian County and its neighboring counties of Shangri-La, Ninglang and Vixi, Yongsheng, Deqin and other counties.
Today's Naxi people, who lived in the area of Qinghai and Huangshuang in northwest China during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, migrated southward along the Hengduan Mountains and integrated with the people along the way over a long period of time.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, they first traveled from the upper reaches of the Minjiang River to the Yalong River Basin, and then to the middle and upper reaches of the Jinsha River, where the 17th grandson of Gao Le Fun, Ye Gu Nian of the Ye Clan, entered the Lijiang Basin in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. The language of the Naxi people, belonging to the Yi branch of the Burmese language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, is roughly divided into the eastern and western dialect areas with the Jinsha River as the boundary.
The Naxi people have ideographic pictograms Dongba script and syllabic script Geba script, and in 1957, the government also created a Latin alphabet Naxi pinyin writing program for the Naxi people, which is now being promoted on a trial basis. The Naxi Dongba script, generally believed to have been created in the Tang Dynasty, is the only hieroglyphic script still in use in the world, and is known as the "living fossil of hieroglyphic script". Naxi region of the socio-economic, like most of the minority regions in Yunnan, the development is not balanced.
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Naxi settlements in Lijiang City, Yulong County, and Weixi County were characterized by a feudal landlord economy and the emergence of a capitalist industrial and commercial sector; some areas in Shangri-La County retained remnants of a territorial economy; and Nyingchi County was still basically in the stage of a feudal lord economy and maintained the remnants of the dyadic and matrilineal family. After the liberation, through land reform and socialist transformation, the economy of the Naxi areas developed rapidly and people's lives were greatly improved.
References: Introduction to the Naxi People - People's Government of Yulong Naxi Autonomous County Naxi People - Central Government Portal