Tibetan (Tibetan: or) belongs to the Tibetan branch of Sino-Tibetan language family. Distributed in Xizang Autonomous Region and Qinghai in China, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu and Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan. Some people in Bhutan, India, Nepal and Pakistan also speak Tibetan.
Tibetan began to have characters when King Songtsan Gampo was elected in the 7th century, which was created by the learned Tammy Sambuza after he went to India to study. The Tibetan alphabet has 30 basic letters arranged in eight rows, with four letters in the first seven rows and two letters in the last row.
The first two letters in the first five lines are voiced, the last two letters are voiced, the sixth line is all voiced, the first two letters in the seventh line are voiced, the last two letters are voiced, the first letter in the eighth line is voiced and the last letter is vowel.
Tibetan characteristics?
1, voiced consonants tend to be voiced, and the voiced consonants preserved in some areas are voiced basic consonants developed from ancient complex consonants.
2. Complex consonants tend to simplify and disappear, and only binary complex consonants with pre-consonants are kept in some areas.
3. Monovowels increase, especially nasal vowels.
4. Vowels are different in length and complementary to tones.
There are two kinds of real compound vowels: nasalized and non-nasalized.
6. The consonant endings tend to be simplified, which leads to the simplification of vowels with consonant endings.
7. There is a relatively complete and stable tone system, and the number tends to increase.
8. Predicate is a post-expression system (that is, the grammatical meaning of predicate is expressed by the part after predicate).
9. There are rich contrastive changes between word-formation morphemes and configuration morphemes.
10, the verb only retains the simplified inflectional changes, and has lost the function of expressing grammatical meaning independently.
1 1. Verbs have rich aspect categories.
12. Judgment verbs and existential verbs have two lexical forms to express different people.
13, verb impersonal and locative category.
14, a single part indicates negation (that is, adding negative elements before or after the denied word).
15, there are abundant auxiliary words, which often have two forms: reduction and independence.
16, adjectives and some derived nouns have suffixes.
17, there are honorifics and non-honorifics.