Chapter 6 The Continents We Live In ---- Asia
Section 1 The Natural Environment
I. The World's First Continent
1. Spherical Location: most of Asia is located in the Eastern Hemisphere and the Northern Hemisphere.
2, bordering the ocean: the Arctic Ocean in the north of Asia, the Pacific Ocean in the east, and the Indian Ocean in the south.
3, adjacent continents and boundaries: Northwest Asia to the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea and the Turkish Straits and the border with Europe; Southwest Asia to the Suez Canal and the border with Africa; south across the sea and Oceania; northeast across the Bering Strait and North America.
4, Asia is the world's largest continent, but also across the widest latitude, the longest distance from east to west.
5, Asia division: according to geographical location will be divided into East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, Central Asia, North Asia.
6, China is located in East Asia, East Asia also includes North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Mongolia.
7. China is adjacent to North Asia in the north, West Asia and Central Asia in the west, South Asia in the southwest and Southeast Asia in the south.
Two, terrain and rivers
1, Asia's topographic features: the ground is undulating, high in the middle, surrounded by low; complex and diverse terrain, mainly plateau, mountains.
2, the main topographic areas: Tibetan Plateau ~ ~ is located in central Asia, the elevation is greater than 3000 meters, some areas higher than 5000 meters, known as the "roof of the world"; West Siberian Plain ~ ~ is located in the north of Asia, the elevation of 0-200 meters, is the largest plain in Asia; North China Plain ~ ~ distribution in Asia East, 0 to 200 meters above sea level; Indus Plain ~ ~ distributed in southern Asia, 0 to 200 meters above sea level; Deccan Plateau ~ ~ distributed in southern Asia, 200 to 1,000 meters above sea level; Iroh Plateau ~ ~ distributed in western Asia, 1,000 to 3,000 meters above sea level; Central Siberian mountains ~ ~ distributed in northern Asia.
3, the main rivers and injected into the ocean: Obi River, Yenisei River, Lena River into the Arctic Ocean; the Yellow River, Yangtze River, Mei Gong River into the Pacific Ocean, the Ganges River into the Indian Ocean.
4, river distribution characteristics: most of the rivers originating in the central mountains, plateau, radial flow to the surrounding ocean. The reason is that the terrain in the middle of Asia is high, surrounded by low.
5, lakes: the Caspian Sea ~ ~ the world's largest lake, saltwater lake; Lake Baikal ~ ~ the world's deepest, largest freshwater lake; Dead Sea ~ ~ the lowest point of the world's land.
Three, complex climate
1, climate characteristics: complex and diverse, significant monsoon climate, continental climate is the most widely distributed.
2, climate influences: latitude factors ~ ~ Asia across the tropical, temperate, boreal, the higher the latitude, the lower the temperature; land and sea factors ~ ~ Asia's east, south and north of the three sides of the ocean, precipitation in the east, south, more, central, western less; topographic factors ~ ~ Tibetan Plateau, Pamir Plateau because of the high altitude, the formation of the plateau mountain climate.
3, the main types of climate: tropical rainforest climate, tropical monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, temperate monsoon climate, temperate continental climate, tropical subtropical desert climate, Mediterranean climate, plateau mountain climate, cold climate.
4, temperate continental climate: it is the most widely distributed type of climate in Asia, it covers the central and western parts of Asia, and its climate is characterized by cold and long winters, warm and short summers, and sparse precipitation throughout the year.
5, monsoon climate: mainly distributed in the east and south of Asia, which is characterized by large-scale changes in wind direction with the seasons in a year, precipitation seasonal changes. The shortcomings are prone to droughts and floods.
6, Africa's climate distribution characteristics: the equator as the center, the climate type of north-south symmetrical distribution; to the tropical climate, tropical rainforests, savannah climate is widely distributed.
Section II Human Environment
I. The most populous continent
1. In 2000, the world's total population **** 6.055 billion, Asia's population of about 3.68 billion, accounting for 61% of the total population, is the most populous continent
2. The world's population of more than 100 million countries: China, India, the United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Russia, Japan, Nigeria.
There are six of them in Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Japan.
3, in addition to Antarctica, the world's continents, the number of people in order from the largest to the smallest
Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, North America, Oceania, Antarctica
4, in addition to Antarctica, the average natural population growth rate in order from the highest to the lowest
Africa, Latin America, Asia, Oceania, North America, Europe,
5, the world net population increase of 60.6 million people. 5, the world's net population increase of 6.055 billion × 1.3% = 78.71 million people Asia's net population increase of 3.68 billion × 1.4% = 51.52 million people
6, Asia's large population has put heavy pressure on resources and the environment.
2. Diverse Regional Cultures
1. There are about 1,000 large and small ethnic groups*** in Asia, accounting for about half of the total number of ethnic groups in the world. Among them, the Han Chinese are the world's most populous ethnic group
2, Asia's three human civilizations originated: the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; the Indus River Basin region; Mesopotamia Plain (Two River Basin). Reasons: suitable temperate (or tropical) climate; abundant water; fertile land.
3. The peoples of different regions show different cultural and artistic styles and different national customs in architecture, dress, music and dance, and rituals.
4. The relationship between the cultures of different regions and the local natural conditions:
Label of the diagram Natural conditions or ethnic customs
6. Earthquake-resistant buildings designed to prevent earthquakes in Japan Multiple earthquakes
3. Housing and terraces in Yemen Hillside areas
5. The Dayak people who live on the island of Kalimantan, Indonesia, live in stilted houses up to 200 meters The climate is hot and humid, and people live in clusters
4. The Bengalis, who live in the Ganges delta and fish for a living The climate is hot and humid, and there are many rivers and lakes
2. The Yakuts, who live in Eastern Siberia, live in wooden huts and wear fur clothes, and their means of transportation is a dog sled. The climate is bitterly cold
1. Bedouins in Saudi Arabia live in tents, wear wide robes and lead a nomadic life. Tropical dry grasslands, people live a nomadic life
5, each country has its own unique cultural flavor, understanding and respect for other regional cultures is to realize the basis of friendly exchanges with other countries, so people should understand the customs of the country they go to before going abroad and respect its cultural differences.
2. Differences in economic development
1. Asia's economic development is unbalanced; a few countries belong to the developed countries, and most of them belong to the developing countries.
2. Countries with GNP per capita of more than 10,000 dollars include Japan, Israel, and Singapore; countries with GNP per capita of less than 500 dollars include Vietnam, Mongolia, Nepal, Bangladesh, and India; Japan's GNP per capita is about 145 times that of Nepal.
3. China is in the lower middle of the economic development of Asian countries.
Chapter 7 Our Neighboring Countries and Regions
Section 1 Japan
I. Countries with many volcanic earthquakes:
Main islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu
Zigzagging coastline with many fine seaports
Many volcanic earthquakes: located at the junction of the Pacific plate and the Asian-European plate; the Pacific Rim Seismic-Volcanic Belt
The developed processing trade economy:
Small geographical area, resource-poor, a small resource country
Importing raw materials and fuels from abroad--processing--export
Industrial zones:
Centralized distribution of industrial zones:
Many excellent seaports with long coastlines. p>Industrial zones are concentrated in the Pacific coast and the Seto Inland Sea coast. Because of the excellent conditions of the port here, giant ships can dock, factories are close to the wharf, sea and land transportation is convenient; coastal areas of urban population concentration, abundant labor resources, but also the largest domestic consumption; coastal plains are concentrated, the price of land reclamation is low.
Three, East-West compatible culture:
Single ethnic composition of the country - the Yamato nation
East-West cultural compatibility, tradition and modernity coexist
Four, reading and analyzing the map requirements:
Fill in the following map: the Sea of Japan, the Pacific Ocean, Hokkaido, Honshu , Shikoku, Kyushu; Keihin, Nagoya, Hanshin, Seto Inland Sea, Kitakyushu Industrial Zone
Section II Southeast Asia
I. Location of the Crossroads:
Southeast Asia Scope: the Central and South China Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago
The Strait of Malacca is an important sea passage: it is situated between the Malay Peninsula and the island of Sumatra, and it is a part of the Indian Ocean --Pacific Ocean, and Asia-Oceania; fill in the diagram accurately with the location of the Straits of Malacca
Fill in the diagram with the names of the capitals of Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and the nearby rivers
II, Tropical Climate and Agricultural Production:
Tropical rainforest climate: high temperature and rain throughout the year; distribution: the southern part of the Malay Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago
Tropical monsoon climate: high temperatures throughout the year, precipitation is concentrated in the rainy season, and the seasons are unevenly distributed; distribution: the Central and South China Peninsula and the northern part of the Malay Peninsula
Agricultural production: rice (Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar are the world's important rice exporters), rubber (Thailand is the world's most important exporter), and rubber (Thailand is the most important exporter). (Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar is the world's largest rice exporter), rubber (Thailand is the world's largest rubber producer), palm oil (Malaysia is the world's largest producer of palm oil), coconut (Malaysia is the world's largest producer, the Philippines is the largest exporter), banana hemp (the Philippines is the largest producer)
Southeast to the development of rice production in the favorable conditions: high temperature and rainy climate, along the rivers and downstream of the Delta Plain Fertile land with abundant irrigation water, a long history of rice cultivation, and abundant labor.
Three, mountains and rivers, vertical distribution
Four, the most concentrated areas of Chinese and overseas Chinese:
Ethnicity: most of the yellow
The most concentrated areas of Chinese and overseas Chinese
Rich in tourism
Third section of the India
One, the world's second most populous country:
The largest South Asian area of the country
India's topographic features: three major terrain areas in three major terrain areas, the northwestern Himalayas, the central Ganges Plain, the southern Deccan Plateau, the vast majority of the territory at an elevation of less than 1,000 meters
Second most populous country: the population has exceeded 1 billion
Ancient civilization of the world: one of the three major civilizations in Asia
Two, the frequent water and drought hazards
Tropical monsoon climate is dominant: tropical monsoon climate is characterized by high temperatures throughout the year, precipitation is concentrated in the summer months of June-September, uneven seasonal distribution of precipitation
Monsoon and precipitation: frequent droughts and floods
Months Wind direction Effect on precipitation
January North-easterly winds are less, the dry season
July South-westerly winds are more. Rainy season
Floods Droughts
Changes in southwesterly winds Early onset, late retreat, strong winds Early onset, early retreat, insufficient winds
Third, Self-sufficient Agricultural Production
Crops Distribution Areas Topography Precipitation
Rice Coastal areas of Northeastern Peninsulas Plain More
Wheat Northwestern part of the Deccan Plateau Upper Ganges Higher plateau, Mountains Less
World's Agricultural Powers
Four, Developing Industries
Traditional Industries: Iron and Steel Industry
Industrial Sectors Distribution Centers Resource Conditions Summary
Iron and Steel Industry Kolkata Coal, Iron, Manganese Industrial centers are close to raw material sources, i.e., the principle of proximity, which saves on freight costs and reduces costs, and therefore the industrial layout. Establishment of factories to be built at the origin of raw materials or close to the consumer market.
Cotton Textile Industry Mumbai, New Delhi, Bangalore Cotton
Linen Textile Industry Kolkata Jute
High-tech industries: atomic energy, aerospace, and computer software are well-developed
V. Filling in the Maps
Himalayas, Ganges Plain, Deccan Plateau
New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangalore
Section IV Russia
I. The vastness of the country
The largest country in the world: more than 17 million square kilometers
The country that spans the two continents of Asia and Europe, continental boundaries: the Ural Mountains, the Ural River
Most of the region is flat:
Major topographical regions and major rivers in Russia
West Russia East
Eastern European Plain
Volga River Ural Mountains Western Siberian Plain Yenisei River Central Siberian Plateau Lena River Eastern Siberian Mountains
Mostly located in the North Temperate Zone, with a predominantly temperate continental climate: winters are long and cold, and summers are short and warm
Temperatures decrease from west to east and from south to north. Precipitation decreases from south to north and from east to west, and precipitation is concentrated in the summer
Two, rich in natural resources and developed industries
There is a complete range of natural resources, rich in reserves
Developed heavy industry:
St. Petersburg Industrial Zone: petrochemicals, shipbuilding, electronics, aerospace, food, textiles and other industries.
Moscow Industrial Zone: steel, automobiles, airplanes, rockets, and electronics, and other industrial sectors (the above 2 industrial zones are based on machinery, chemicals, and many kinds of light industry)
Ural Industrial Zone: petroleum, steel, and machinery and other products (based on the steel and machinery industries)
Novosibirsk Industrial Zone: coal, petroleum, natural gas, electric power, and steel and iron and steel industrial products (mainly heavy industry and military industry)
Russia's industry is dominated by heavy industry, the development of light industry is slower, and the main industrial zones are concentrated in the European part of the country, compared to the Asian part of the country is relatively weak, resulting in an imbalance in the distribution of light and heavy industry; the characteristics of the industry have a close relationship with its resource conditions. Russia's rich reserves of oil, natural gas, iron ore and other resources and widely distributed, conducive to the development of heavy industry
Three, developed transportation
Asia-Europe Continental Bridge
Russia's European part of the railroad network is obviously dense, the Asian part of the railroad network is relatively single. Built in the southern mountains of the Great Siberian Railway main considerations are, climatic reasons and closer to neighboring countries, more convenient for the development of the economy
Passenger transport by rail, road-based; freight transport by rail, pipeline, of which pipeline transport accounted for the largest proportion
Moscow is the largest city, St. Petersburg is the second largest city
Four, fill in the chart
In the Fill in the notes in the map:
Eastern Siberian Mountains, Central Siberian Plateau, Western Siberian Plain, Eastern European Plain, and the Ural Mountains
Lena, Yenisei, Ob, and Volga
Kursk Iron Ore Mine, Second Baku Oil Field, Tyumen Oil Field, and Kuzbass Coal Mine
Moscow, St. Petersburg, Volgograd, and Murmansk, Vladivostok
First Asian-European Continental Bridge
Chapter VIII Other Countries and Regions in the Eastern Hemisphere
Section I. The Middle East
1. In southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa, there is an area known as the Middle East. The Middle East is located in the land of 'three continents and five seas', the three continents referring to Asia, Europe and Africa, and the Caspian Sea, which is a lake in the five seas. The Middle East covers West Asia (except Afghanistan) and Egypt in North Africa.
2, the Middle East is currently the world's largest oil resources in the region, the Middle East oil is mainly distributed in the Persian Gulf coast, shipped to Western Europe, the United States and Japan and other developed countries.
3. The Middle East has a dry climate, few rivers and a lack of water resources. The Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East is the largest peninsula in the world. The Suez Canal is located in Egypt.
4, the Middle East ethnicity is mainly white, the largest number of residents are Arabs, most of them believe in Islam. The city honored by Islam is Mecca, and the city honored by Islam, Christianity, and Judaism is Jerusalem.
Countries: A Iraq, B Iran, C Egypt, E Saudi Arabia
E is located on the Arabian Peninsula, the largest peninsula in the world
The three cities in the diagram that are known as holy cities by Islam are:
1) Mecca, 2) Jerusalem, and 3) Medina.
Oceans:
④ Persian Gulf, ⑤ Arabian Sea,
⑥ Red Sea, ⑦ Mediterranean Sea, ⑧ Black Sea, ⑨ Caspian Sea.
Straits and canals: ⑩ Strait of Hormuz, ⑾ Suez Canal, ⑿ Turkish Straits, ⒀ Nile River
Section II Western Europe
1. The western part of Europe is densely populated with a large number of countries, the vast majority of which are developed countries. Its economy is diversified, with manufacturing-based industries, traditional livestock farming and a thriving tourism industry.
2. The European Union is a regional international organization with strong political and economic ties. Currently *** there are 25 member states, using a unified currency, the euro.
3. London, the capital of Britain, Paris, the capital of France, Rome, the capital of Italy, and Berlin, the capital of Germany.
4, most of the western part of Europe for the northern temperate zone, temperate maritime climate is widespread. The terrain is mainly plains, developed animal husbandry, people call pasture for 'green gold'. The British livestock industry accounts for 70% of all agricultural output. Holland, Denmark is the world's leading dairy livestock country.
5, Europe's western tourist places, the United Kingdom's Tower Bridge, the Netherlands windmills, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, Spain's bullfighting, the Norwegian fjord scenery, and so on.
Countries: B Spain C France D Britain E Germany F Italy
Topography, Peninsula: A Scandinavian Peninsula ① Western European Plain ② Bordeaux Plain ③ Alpine Mountains ④ Apennine Peninsula
Oceans, Straits: ⑤ Norwegian Sea ⑥ North Sea ⑦ Baltic Sea ⑧ English Channel ⑨ Mediterranean Sea ⑩ Straits of Gibraltar
Section III Sub-Saharan Africa
1, the world's largest desert in sub-Saharan Africa, most of which is located in the tropics, more than 90% of the black race, known as "Black Africa". Residents are concentrated in the Gulf of Guinea coast and the Congo Basin.
2, as a result of colonialism's long-term occupation and plunder, most of the countries in the region formed a "single-commodity economy", the export of low-priced primary commodities, imports of expensive manufactured goods in international trade is in a disadvantageous position.
3, Africa's natural growth rate in the continents in the first place, a large population. Coupled with the climate of the year-round high temperature, precipitation, wet and dry seasons, agricultural production is backward, the residents are often starving.
4, Africa's climate is mainly tropical rainforest climate, savannah climate, tropical desert climate, distribution features: the equator as the center, the north-south symmetrical distribution.
5, A Somali Peninsula B Congo River C Congo Basin
D Ethiopian plateau E Madagascar Island
F Gulf of Guinea G Sahara Desert H Cape of Good Hope
I East African plateau Nearby there is the East African Rift Valley J South African Plateau
Section IV Australia
1, the Australian coat of arms with kangaroos and emus two animals, and its endemic animals are koalas and platypus.
2. Australia has the largest number of sheep and exports the most wool in the world, and is known as the country that rides on the back of a sheep. Sheep are concentrated in the mixed agricultural belt along the south-east and south-west coasts. Because of the sparsely populated, highly mechanized agricultural and animal husbandry production, most of the products are exported, export products are wool, wheat, beef.
3, Australia is rich in mineral resources, concentrated in the coastal areas, a large proportion of exports, called "sitting on the mine train" of the country. At present, the service industry has become Australia's pillar industry.
4, Australia's population and cities are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal region, the capital: Canberra, the largest industrial center and port city: Sydney, the second largest city: Melbourne.
Cities: A Sydney, B Canberra, C Melbourne,
Rivers and lakes: D Murray River, E North Lake Eyre
Topographic regions: ① Great Dividing Range,
② Central Plains, which contains the Great Australian Basin, also known as the Great Autochthonous Basin
③ Western Highlands
Oceans: ④ Pacific Ocean ⑤ Indian Ocean
CHAPTER 9 THE COUNTRIES OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
SECTION 1 THE UNITED STATES
1. Location: central North America, the Western Hemisphere and the Northern Hemisphere. It is bordered by Canada in the north and Mexico in the south. West of the Pacific Ocean, east of the Atlantic Ocean, south of the Gulf of Mexico, sea transportation is convenient.
2. Territorial composition: land area after Russia, Canada and China, ranking fourth in the world. There are 50 states in the mainland (48 states in the mainland and 2 overseas states:
3. Population and capital: there are 290 million people, mainly Caucasians, belonging to the immigrant countries. The capital, Washington, D.C., is located on the east side of the U.S. mainland, along the Atlantic Ocean.
4. Terrain: the main composition of the plains - three north-south vertical belt; Terrain: high east and west, low in the middle
a. West ------ tall Cordillera mountain system
b. Central ------ vast plains composed of, accounting for about more than half of the total area of the country
c.The eastern ------ low and gentle Appalachian Mountains
5. Rivers and lakes: . a. The Mississippi River ------ is the longest river in North America
b. The Great Lakes -------- are, from west to east, Lake Superior (the largest freshwater lake in the world), Lake Michigan (all of the U.S.), Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario, which eventually flow into the St. Lawrence River. Eventually through the St. Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean, the Great Lakes in addition to Lake Michigan, the rest of the United States and Canada's demarcation line.
6. Climate: temperate continental climate is dominant
7. Agricultural areas of specialization:
a. Highly developed, high degree of mechanization; agricultural production specialization. It is the world's largest producer and exporter of agricultural products
b. Major agricultural products: wheat, soybeans, corn.
c. Major agricultural zones: Dairy Livestock Belt (northeastern part of the country), Corn Belt (central part of the country), Cotton Belt (Lower Mississippi River area), Wheat Zone (central part of the country, north and south of the Corn Belt), Animal Husbandry and Irrigated Agriculture Zone (western part of the country), and Subtropical Crops Zone (Gulf Coast).
Look carefully at the map of the distribution of agricultural belts in Textbook P85 and note the need to protect the environment while developing agriculture.
8. Industry:
a. Characteristics: industrial system is complete, complete sector. It is the most developed industrial country in the world. Chemical industry, electronics, automobiles, airplanes, etc. are among the top in the world.
b.Since the 1990s, the high-tech industry represented by information technology and biotechnology has been booming, the most famous of which is the "Silicon Valley" located in the southeastern part of San Francisco, which is the largest center of high-tech industry in the United States and the world.
c. Major industrial zones: the Pacific Coast Industrial Zone, the development of faster; the southern industrial zone, the development of the late; the Northeast Industrial Zone, the United States of America's traditional industrial zones. However, the United States is extremely consumptive and is the world's largest importer of automobiles, steel, oil, and textiles.
9. Cities: New York: Atlantic coast, the first city and largest seaport in the United States.
10. resource-consuming country
① the world's largest resource consumer and waste emitter; ② can analyze the statistical chart of per capita energy consumption
11. the United States of America's impact on the world's resources, the environment
(1) a large number of imports: coal, iron ore, petroleum, and timber.
(2) Massive emissions: exhaust, wastewater, and waste.
Section II Brazil
1. Location: western and southern hemispheres; eastern part of South America, east of the Atlantic Ocean. Largest country in South America by area,
2. Capital: Capital: Brasilia. The population accounts for half of the total population of South America, the most populous country in South America.
3. Terrain: ---- plains and plateaus dominate the terrain - high in the south and low in the north
a. Amazon Plain ---- the world's largest plain, where the tropical rainforest is the world's largest existing tropical rainforest area
b. Brazilian Plateau ---- the world's largest plateau
b. plateau in the world
4. Climate: tropical rainforest climate and savannah climate. The climate is hot and humid.
5. Rivers: - Amazon River, the world's largest river, the world's second longest river
6. Racial composition is complex: there are indigenous Indians, white ren, blacks, and yellows. Various races intermarried with each other to form different mixed-race types of people, a society with a large number of mixed-race people.
7. Language: The folk entertainment of the Brazilian people is samba, and there is also Carnival every year. Language - Portuguese.
8. Agriculture is an important basic sector of Brazil's national economy. Tropical cash crop varieties, coffee, sugar cane, citrus production ranks first in the world, coffee beans, sugar, citrus juice, soybeans are important export products. Brazil is known as the "Kingdom of Coffee", as long as the coffee plantations are distributed in the southeast.
9. Industry: a. Mainly distributed in the southeast, because the southeast is the main distribution of iron minerals. Transportation is convenient. In modern industry, iron and steel, shipbuilding, automobile, aircraft manufacturing, etc. jumped to the ranks of the world's important producers. From a single agricultural exporter gradually formed a more complete industrial system
b. has mining, iron and steel, aircraft manufacturing, automobiles, shipbuilding, food and other industrial sectors, is the world's important producer of iron and steel, ships, automobiles and airplanes, industrial output value of the first in South America. Of these, 3/4 of the industry is located in the southeast coastal region.
10. Population and cities: mainly distributed in the southeast coastal region, while the Amazon Plain region is sparsely populated and cities. S?o Paulo is the largest winter and night center and city, and a megacity in the world
11. Crisis in the rainforests: the problems are ① massive logging by multinational corporations in order to build large arterial highways. ② development of the mining industry, the opening of large farms. ③ Reclamation of the poor farmers primitive migration agriculture. As a result, the area of rainforest has been greatly reduced, soil erosion is serious, precious wildlife has been robbed, and the global ecological environment is seriously threatened. Therefore, the world hopes that Brazil will focus on protecting this pristine rainforest.
Chapter 10: Polar Regions
A. Antarctic Regions
1. Location: The Antarctic continent south of the Antarctic Circle and the surrounding oceans synthesized into the Antarctic continent
2. Terrain: the plateau is dominated by the
3. Characteristics: Climatic characteristics - cracking winds, dryness, and severe cold. Ice and snow plateau"; mankind's valuable freshwater reservoir;
Antarctic continent is the world's coldest, most frequent blizzards, the strongest wind continent. The distinction between winter and summer; the "white desert" on Earth.
4, pole: pole is south, along the meridian of the rest of the direction of the north, the earth's rotation clockwise.
5, on behalf of the animal: penguins
6, the investigation: China has established the Great Wall Station and Zhongshan Station
The second, the Arctic region
1, location: the Arctic Circle north of the region, including the Arctic Ocean in the vast majority of the continent, and along the coasts of Asia, Europe, the continent of North America in the northernmost part of the three continents and a number of islands
2, features: Greenland is the largest island on Earth; the Bering Strait
2, characteristics: Greenland is the largest island on Earth. The largest island; Bering Strait
3, the pole: the pole is north, along the meridian of the rest of the direction of male, the Earth's rotation is counterclockwise rotation.
4. Representative animals: polar bear 5. Expedition: established the Yellow River Station