The Spring Festival in Haikou's countryside is very lively, and when it comes to New Year's Eve, first of all, we have to mention the "Caiya" (Hainanese word). The first thing you need to do to celebrate the Chinese New Year is to "pick the house" (in Hainanese). Generally use bamboo branches and leaves bundled into a large broom, the roof, eaves and walls of the accumulation of dust, cobwebs and other filth clean, in addition to sweeping the house dust and dirt, but also includes cleaning furniture, clothing and so on. This custom in the Haikou countryside is very elaborate, passed down from generation to generation.
The New Year's Eve dinner is always the "main event" of the New Year, and Haikou's countryside is certainly no exception. Traditionally, Haikou people call the New Year's Eve dinner "eating around the stove". The whole family gathers around a fireplace with a pot on top of it, and the family eats around the fireplace. Chicken is a must, as well as our famous local dish, suckling lamb. Pot of soup boiling, chopsticks with cut meat and vegetables to the soup blanch, rolled can be eaten, dipped in condiments, flavorful.
Eat "vegetable rice". In some villages, eat "vegetable package rice" is also one of the important customs. Dongshan Town, Zi Luo village villagers Chen Hai said that their hometown New Year's Eve to eat "vegetables wrapped in rice", this custom has been inherited for a long time. The so-called vegetables wrapped in rice, that is, meat, vegetables, rice mixed together, wrapped in vegetable leaves and eaten with the hands. According to Chen Hai introduction, the production of vegetable rice is still very troublesome, first of all, to cook a good dry rice; secondly, the package of rice with the oilseed rape washed and dried; and then prepare some garlic, leeks, lean meat, chicken, shrimp or sausage. After these ingredients are ready, the first vegetables, meat fried, and then garlic, shrimp and other fried rice, vegetables, meat into the rice and mix well. Finally, the rice is put into the leaves of the vegetables while it is still hot and held in a ball. Eat vegetables wrapped in rice, symbolizing the reunion.
Eat fasting vegetables. On the first day of the Lunar New Year, eat "fasting" is also a traditional custom passed down in Haikou folk. Lent casserole is a traditional dish of Haikou folk, and its most important feature is that it does not use animal ingredients. Haikou vegetables casserole production method is very delicate, first of all, bamboo, fans, cauliflower, mushrooms, black fungus and other dried vegetables were soaked and rinsed clean, in boiling water, filtered dry, and then respectively, stir-fried with hot oil, flavored simmering cooked for use; black bean sprouts, beet, watercress, etc. respectively, washed and cut, sautéed into the half-flavored; yellow tofu cut into long strips of dried, hot oil, slightly deep-fried yellow, and then add flavored into the half-flavored. Then the net pot is hot, hot oil will be all the vegetables into the next water, add the right amount of soy sauce, monosodium glutamate, sesame oil, slow fire cook through. Then the cooked fasting dishes were placed into the casserole according to the color of the raw materials spacing, with medium heat can be boiled on the table.
Eating fasting on the first day of the month means not killing in the coming year. Nowadays, this custom has been preserved to a large extent, and in the opinion of many people, eating fasting on the first day of the year, adjusting the dietary structure of the New Year, is conducive to good health.
After the first day of the New Year, the rest of the process is to visit friends and relatives. The second day of the Lunar New Year is generally married daughters and son-in-law to return to their parents' homes to visit relatives. When you go back to your mother's home to visit your relatives, you usually have to bring two kinds of gifts, rice cakes and oranges. Rice cake is also known as "sweet rice" in some villages in Haikou, and it is made from glutinous rice. It is made from powdered glutinous rice and black sugar stirred into a syrup, which is poured into a bamboo basket and steamed in a pot. Traditionally, the villagers used to wrap the rice cake with a piece of red paper, meaning red and auspicious; tangerine "tangerine" and auspicious "auspicious" resonance, so send tangerine also have to send auspicious meaning.
With the development of society, Haikou countryside in the inheritance of these customs at the same time, the Spring Festival customs have been given some new content. For example, in many places, in addition to some traditional customs during the Spring Festival, some old people meet together to play chess, while young people hold tug-of-war, volleyball, lion dance and other recreational activities together.
Wenchang Lantern Festival is a traditional rural program, after the third day of the Lunar New Year, in various towns and villages, in accordance with the different auspicious dates and times of the day, began to "send the lamp". On this day, every family kills chickens, kills goats, makes a lot of traditional food, big feasts, invites all kinds of friends and relatives to come to their homes as guests.
Villagers holding a lantern (lanterns throughout the visible 72 large and small red "happy" characters and 36 "life" characters. In the front of the lamp is also printed with "fortune into the treasure", "even the birth of a noble son" and other auspicious words or think about the ancient feelings of the characters of the landscape), led by a "lamp master", lined up in a long line, beating gongs and drums, firecrackers along the village parade, and then not far from the village of the public temple to go, rattle lamps hanging inside and outside of the temple, the lamps are hung, people will be swarming to grab the lanterns, it is said that grabbed the lanterns will be able to be rich, prosperous people.
On the production of the "light master", there is a lot to talk about, because the "lights" and the "ding" of the people of the "ding" resonance, people put "lights" and "ding" linked to the delivery of the lights have the meaning of prosperity, so the "light master" is a boy in the village, the family prosperous villagers take turns to be. He is mainly responsible for the preparation of funds, contact with the theater, dance, offerings to the public, send the public lanterns and other matters. And to participate in the delivery of lanterns must be born of a boy's family, the right to go to the delivery of lanterns.
In the process of sending lanterns, they dance with cups and pans, perform puppet red, Qiong opera and other activities.
Wenchang Lantern Festival is a traditional program in rural areas, after the third day of the Lunar New Year, in various towns and villages, in accordance with the different auspicious days and good times, began to "send lamps". On this day, every family kills chickens, kills goats, makes a lot of traditional food, big feasts, invites all kinds of friends and relatives to come to their homes as guests.
Villagers holding a lantern (lanterns throughout the visible 72 large and small red "happy" characters and 36 "life" characters. In the front of the lamp is also printed with "fortune into the treasure", "even the birth of a noble son" and other auspicious words or think about the ancient feelings of the characters of the landscape), led by a "lamp master", lined up in a long line, beating gongs and drums, firecrackers along the village parade, and then not far from the village of the public temple to go, rattle lamps hanging inside and outside of the temple, the lamps are hung, people will be swarming to grab the lanterns, it is said that grabbed the lanterns will be able to be rich, prosperous people.
On the production of the "light master", there is a lot to talk about, because the "lights" and the "ding" of the people of the "ding" resonance, people put "lights" and "ding" linked to the delivery of the lights have the meaning of prosperity, so the "light master" is a boy in the village, the family prosperous villagers take turns to be. He is mainly responsible for the preparation of funds, contact with the theater, dance, offerings to the public, send the public lanterns and other matters. And to participate in the delivery of lanterns must be born of a boy's family, the right to go to the delivery of lanterns.
In the process of sending lamps, dancing cup pan dance, acting puppet red, Qiong opera and other activities.
Danzhou is known as "Dan Er" since ancient times. Its long history, simple folk customs, customs far.
Yangpu in Hainan Province in 88 years before the establishment of the province under the Danzhou. Its customs also inherited Danzhou customs. Now on the New Year's customs are briefly recorded as follows, share with your inland friends:
Before the 29th day of the New Year: to prepare for the New Year's goods; cleaning up the courtyard, clean up the home; posting couplets (Danzhou has been known as the "Poetry Township Song Sea" reputation, Danzhou people can sing and good couplets, on the occasion of the New Year's Eve from the United States, there is no shortage of people to write a book);
The 30th day of the afternoon of the New Year: (to do two things) : (to do two things)
1, worship ancestors: first worship the ancestors of the family, and then worship the ancestors of the village ancestral hall; worship offerings: fruits, vegetables, fish, pork, whole chickens, home cooking, water, rice, white wine, piper leaves dipped in quicklime, etc. (these offerings meaning "fish and meat", the meaning of the year of the year rich). Worship first read the ancestors honorary title, followed by blessings, and then pour wine into the cup, burning newspaper (yellow candle paper), firecrackers, bowing ceremony;
2, eat a reunion dinner: 30 this day, the whole family gathered at home, it is not appropriate to go out, prohibited strings to go to the relatives. The family to talk about old times, together to eat a reunion dinner. 7-9 p.m. for the "on the lamp" ("on the lamp" from this day until the 16th of Lunar New Year), the man of the family to be in charge of this matter. Changing their own ancestors on the water, rice, fruit (or vertical cut blue sugar cane for two halves, small sections arranged into a "well" type on both sides of the bowl on the platform), light candles and incense (red candle pair, three large incense, six small incense), burning newspaper (yellow candle paper) sounding whips; night 10:00-11:00 pm village people gathered at the ancestral hall, the "Waiting for God", this ceremony is very grand, the first incense sounding gongs and drums, "Mr." read the sacrificial script to invite the gods to sit down in the village, and then burned newspaper sounding the whip; 12 o'clock at night, each family to be at home on time on the incense sounding the whip for the most blessed, the incense ceremony, as the This ceremony is very important. Because, "open order" before you can go out of the village activities, otherwise unfavorable. Over the years, this custom is still prevalent in the minds of the people. To "open the order", you need to ask "comrade" (the shrine god of the wood carvings, Zu Gong statue of the "spokesman", because the custom of the gods and mortals can not talk to each other, so only with the help of the gods trusted and possessed by a male Spokesman) issued by the gods command, clear the way, to ward off evils and woes; "open order" finished, you can visit the door.
The second day of the Lunar New Year: friendly visits to relatives in the same village;
The third day of the Lunar New Year until the sixteenth: for the "New Year's Eve" time. Danzhou's New Year's greetings are different from those in the north. In order to meet the guests, properly organized visit time, the customary time to visit. As follows:
The fifth day of the Lunar New Year: Xia Lan;
The sixth day of the Lunar New Year: Xipu, Ganchong area (Rulan, Donglin, Lingao, Nanfang, etc.);
The seventh day of the Lunar New Year: Xinyingwan area (Wushan, Yantian, etc.)
The eighth day of the Lunar New Year: Yangpu Village;
The sixteenth day of the Lunar New Year: Baimajing;
During the Lunar New Year period, the villages will organize some local folk activities between them on their own. Some folk activities with local characteristics are organized: such as sound tuning, lion races, dragon dances, boat races, ball games, etc., all of which are popular among the people.
Sanya - New Year's Eve - New Year's Eve - Auntie to buy firecrackers
Sanya is located in the ethnic minority areas, its New Year's Eve in the inheritance of the traditional customs, but also the integration of a number of distinctive elements.
On New Year's Eve, they make brown sugar rice cakes. When it comes to New Year's Eve, many cities and counties in Hainan have the custom of making rice cakes, and Sanya is no exception, but Sanya's brown-sugar rice cakes are the best of the lot.
The main material of Sanya brown sugar rice cake is glutinous rice flour, first put the glutinous rice flour into the basin with water, and then mix some coconut powder, peanuts, etc. and then mix well, and then finely chopped brown sugar into the water to melt, added to the basin, and stirred vigorously until the mixture becomes a uniform paste. After that, put it into a pot and steam it for a few hours. After steaming, the rice cake is very elastic, the color is saucy red, and it tastes like fudge with an excellent texture.
In the past, brown sugar rice cakes could only be eaten on New Year's Day, and every family would set up a pot in front of the door to steam on New Year's Eve. Nowadays, you can buy the brown sugar rice cakes on the market, but you can still make them on New Year's Eve.
Auntie must buy firecrackers to celebrate the New Year. The second day of the New Year is the day of the married woman back to her parents' home to pay homage, this day the husband must accompany the woman with gifts back to her parents' home to pay homage, whether it is to bring supplements or with snacks or with the gifts must have a must have - firecrackers.
It is understood that in Sanya, the second day of the New Year with his wife back to his mother's home to pay tribute to the New Year must buy a firecracker. This is a custom for many years. Every year to accompany his wife back home to pay tribute to the New Year must prepare firecrackers, come to the door of the parents-in-law, the firecrackers will be handed over to other relatives, firecrackers can only enter the door to the old man and other relatives to pay tribute to the New Year after the firecrackers are finished. Bring firecrackers to the father-in-law, mother-in-law's home to pay homage, not only is a ceremonial need, but also to the elders and other relatives of the wish
Lingshui - to receive the incense - move the New Year's goods - take betel nut to pay homage
On the night of the New Year's Eve, the New Year's bells ringing, the most important men in the family will be respectful to point up the several columns of incense. Local old people say, according to legend, from 12 o'clock on the New Year's Eve to the dawn of the first day of the New Year, this period of time on behalf of the auspicious gods and goddesses will come down to earth one after another, to bring good luck and wealth to the people. These incenses are used to welcome the immortals. The men who are responsible for lighting the incense also have a very important task, which is to "receive the incense". From 12 o'clock on Lunar New Year's Day to the fifth day of the Lunar New Year, the incense in the house must be kept alive. Because in Lingshui people's concept, the continuation of incense, also represents the family's prosperity.
"Moving New Year's goods". Many places in Hainan will eat a meal of fasting in the morning of the first day of the year, Lingshui has the same custom. But different from elsewhere is Lingshui people to give a new meaning to the fasting dishes. In Lingshui, people eat fasting dishes called "moving New Year's goods". Early in the morning on the first day of the Lunar New Year, hardworking housewives start to busy themselves with "carrying New Year's goods". Various vegetarian ingredients such as enoki mushrooms, vermicelli, eggplants and bean curd bamboo are cooked by the housewives' hands, adding a cozy aroma to the morning. When the whole family wakes up, they sit around, each with a bowl of rice, and eat the fragrant vegetarian dishes together. Adults will always greet the children "eat a little more", a variety of rich "New Year's goods" all "move" into the stomach inside, the year will be prosperous, life is rich.
Take betel nut to pay tribute to the New Year. Lingshui people love to eat betel nut, betel nut has a special meaning in the hearts of Lingshui people, such as the Spring Festival, such an important day is less betel nut. Before the New Year, every family in Lingshui will prepare a lot of betel nut. The betel nut is cut into four petals, and then a kind of leaves (commonly known as piper leaves), which are specially prepared for eating betel nut, are coated with some special sauce and folded into small triangles. On the first day of the Lunar New Year, when it's time to pay respects to the elders, bring a large betel nut to "act". Whenever you see an elder, the younger generation will take out two small betel nuts with a "small triangle" in the palm of your hand, then hold it with both hands and say "Good New Year" while respectfully handing it over. When the elders receive the betel nut with a smile, they are receiving the most sincere blessing from the younger generation.
The Li people of Wuzhishan Mountain - sealing the rice bowl - washing their faces with new water - pouring ox wine
When it comes to central Hainan, it's natural to think of Wuzhishan Mountain and the Li compatriots underneath it. Li ethnic customs is one of the most important elements of the Five Fingers Mountain customs, it specifically includes what content and features? A few days ago, this reporter interviewed the original deputy director of the Provincial Ethnic Museum, Huang Xuekui.
Huang Xuekui, Li people, in the Provincial Ethnic Museum (located in Wuzhishan) worked for 20 years, has been engaged in Hainan ethnic culture and other related topics. Huang Xuekui said, the Li people on the Spring Festival is very important, there is a set of distinctive customs:
Seal rice bowl. The ceremony of sealing the rice jar is the prelude to the Spring Festival. In the middle of December of the lunar calendar, the hostess of every household in the village that is held to seal the rice jar ceremony, the method is to choose the number of odd-numbered auspicious night, half of the night after the rooster crows three times, will be good rice poured full of their own special rice jar, and then use a piece of red paper to seal the mouth of the jar fastened. On the fifteenth day of the first month, a ceremony will be held to unveil the jar, and the rice in the jar will be cooked for the whole family to eat.
Make Chinese New Year sticky rice cakes. On December 29th of the lunar calendar, every family will make Chinese New Year sticky rice cakes. That is, with a steamer will be soaked in the mountain orchid glutinous rice steamed, put in the wooden mortar pounded, and then pinched into patties. There are two kinds of Chinese New Year sticky rice patties: one is the ordinary round patties, bowl size, mainly for consumption during the Spring Festival.
New water to wash your face. Early in the morning on the first day of the first month of the year, families should pour out the water in their own tanks, and then pick the water from the well and pour it into the tank, called "new water". Then use this water to boil hot for the whole family to wash their faces, called "new water to wash your face", and pray for a new year, bright eyes, things go smoothly.
The cow is filled with wine. This is a traditional feature of the Lai people's New Year's custom. On the morning of the first day of the Lunar New Year, every family should pour the special cattle wine to their own cattle to drink. Generally, each cow has to drink a small barrel of wine. Li people believe that the oxen are also the main labor force, every Spring Festival, the oxen should also stop work to rest, drink to make up for the body, in order to increase the energy, the next year more powerful labor. Therefore, all negative plow pulling the New Year's ox, this time have the opportunity to get drunk, cattle wine mixed with several kinds of bruises and wind and other efficacy of the juice of herbs. Cattle drink, to drunkenly lie down for two or three days before waking up. In the past, large families had dozens or hundreds of cows, and often had to use up dozens of tanks of wine in the Spring Festival every year.
Worship. Worshiping the New Year is the most lively and interesting part of the New Year. The second day of the first month to the first month of the fifteenth day of the dozen days can be any day to pay homage to the New Year. The form of New Year's Eve is diverse, and the etiquette of New Year's Eve is also very elaborate. There are between the same family to pay New Year's Eve, there are relatives, friends to pay New Year's Eve, there are son-in-law to the father-in-law's family to pay New Year's Eve. Among them, the son-in-law to the father-in-law's family to pay tribute to the most grand, when the son-in-law to lead his wife, the family's brothers dozens of people, one by one, including the father-in-law's family, including the family to pay tribute to all the families. During the Spring Festival, firecrackers are set off, betel nuts and cigarettes are offered to each other, sweet wine is drunk, and songs are sung at the banquet. Before the fifteenth day of the first month of the family and friends to visit each other, if the visitors firecrackers, the host is regarded as a New Year's Day, that is, the New Year's Day rituals and hospitality to guests
Chenggao, Lingao - to worship the ancestors of the public - sleep in the blessing - eat cuttlefish
Chenggao, some places in Chenggao, in the afternoon of the New Year's Day in the twenty-ninth to begin slaughtering a pig, often a few families to kill a head. In some places in Chengmai, pig slaughtering starts in the afternoon of the 29th day of the Lunar New Year. On the 30th day of the year, they start to worship "Gongzu" with pork, offal, rice balls, etc., and ask "Gongzu" to bless the whole family with good health, peace of mind, a good harvest, and prosperity of all six animals. If a wish has been made at the beginning of the year, it is returned on that day. This process is known as "Wrapping the Furnace". Only after the end of the "fire" can we kill chickens and ducks. At 12:00 a.m. in the middle of the night, every family puts two small piles of small pieces of sugar cane with the skin scraped off, one pomelo, three oranges, and pig offal in the main hall where the ancestors' incense burners are set up, and then lights incense and candles and sets off firecrackers to welcome the New Year. This process is called "offering incense". After the incense, the adults start to cook the first meal of the New Year and call the whole family to eat it. The first bowl of rice must be eaten, the other must be the second rice, how much regardless of how much you can eat how much.
And Chenggao neighboring Chengmai, the New Year's Eve night family dinner is called "around the stove" (which is actually commonly referred to as the reunion dinner, New Year's Eve dinner). "Around the stove", adults will tell children to put on new clothes and socks to sleep, which is called "sleep blessing". The longer they sleep, the happier they are. When it's time to offer incense, the whole family wakes up, and the children pay New Year's greetings to their parents, and the younger generation pays New Year's greetings to their elders, who give the former red envelopes. After the incense is over, the whole family to eat, can only eat vegetarian dishes can not eat meat dishes, such as celery, bok choy, garlic, lentils, tofu, etc., cooking can only be fried in peanut oil, to be over the first day of the Lunar New Year after 12:00 noon to eat chicken. After eating, they go to bed and sleep until 9:00 a.m. or longer on the first day of the Lunar New Year. Anyway, you can't go to the door and pay your respects on the first day of the year.
In the choice of the time to pay homage to the New Year, each place is different. For example, Lingao, from the second day of the New Year began to pay homage to the New Year. Generally the first first to go is the most important home, such as the daughter son-in-law back to her mother's home, the lower level to the upper level of the home, the younger generation to the elders home, etc.. When you go, you should buy tangerines and firecrackers to symbolize good luck. When they meet, they shout "congratulations" and then set off firecrackers to symbolize peace and prosperity. From the second to the fifteenth day of the Lunar New Year, as long as you hear firecrackers going off, you will know whose family has come to pay New Year's visits again. On the New Year's Eve table, there is a dish that is essential for people who are well-off, and that is cuttlefish. In Lingao dialect, cuttlefish is called "hong", which is pronounced like "tong". If you eat "hong" in the New Year, everything you do in the year will go well. Therefore, in the first month of the year, the cuttlefish in Lingao is very expensive and sells very well.
And in Chengmai, to go to friends and relatives to pay tribute to the New Year, usually from the fourth day of the New Year, of course, the fourth day should be an auspicious day, to pay tribute to the New Year only to buy gifts, do not have to buy firecrackers to light.
Qionghai - send poor - prepare for the year - do the bride wine
Qionghai people on New Year's Eve is not called New Year's Eve called "do the year", is the New Year's Eve as a big thing to do, full of strong expectations. Qionghai people have a lot of customs for the New Year.
"Send poor". Lunar one to twenty-two twenty-three, families are busy cleaning room outdoor health clean, cleaning mosquito nets bedding, even baskets of furniture is also scrubbed again, inside and outside are cleaned up. Then a few broken things to the village entrance to the fire, known as "send poor", meaning that all those teachings buried away, in exchange for a new year of good luck.
"Preparing for the year". The "poor" to send off, on the market to catch up with the market to buy new year's goods. To the whole family, young and old, buy a new set of clothes, shoes and socks, furniture and farm equipment, oil, salt, soy sauce and vinegar, Chinese New Year scrolls, paper money and candles, and so on. In the northern part of the country, rice is ground to make rice cakes, called "sweet poi", which means that next year you can plant a big field and have a sweet life. The southern region to make peanut popcorn candy, meaning that next year's days are hot and sweet. Before New Year's Eve, posted a good door couplets New Year's paintings, the lintel is also affixed to the lintel of a kind of paper called "hedge mountain money".
"Around the stove", also known as the "New Year's Eve". On New Year's Eve, after slaughtering chickens, ducks and geese, preparing a variety of dishes, and paying homage to ancestors, the whole family sits around the table at night, with parents giving their children and grandchildren "New Year's Eve money" and children giving their parents "filial piety money". In the past, the family used to drink tea and talk, parents gave their children and grandchildren some words about the coming year's production and life, and children gave their parents blessings to pay tribute to the New Year. Nowadays, they gather around to watch the Spring Festival Gala program. Until midnight, the parents replace the old ashes in the incense burner with new ones made from a kind of grass, sand, rice, etc. The parents then set out three cups of tea and five cups of wine, biscuits and cookies. Then they put out three teas and five drinks, cookies and candies, and fasting dishes and rice to pay homage to the ancestors.
This offering has a lot to say. "Three tea and five wine" is three cups of tea or five cups of wine. Lenten dishes are usually watercress, eggplant, bowl beans, Beijing vermicelli, fish and so on. After the "fire", everyone goes to sleep and lies under the warm blanket to "hatch the New Year". It means to expect that next year will be a year of food and clothing.
The first three days of the year, there are taboos, the first day can not kill, the second day to kill chickens and geese. The first two can not be New Year's Eve night firecracker paper ash sweep off, that is, it will sweep away the money.
The south of Futian, on the Yong, Tamen and other places, but also popular a "do bride wine" habit. During the year, there are daughters married to the newlyweds, the first day back to the bride's home to pay homage to the New Year, you have to uncles and brothers to pay homage to all households. Each family set up a banquet, waiting for the daughter and son-in-law to come to the door to pay homage to the New Year. Even if it was just to move the chopsticks and have a bite or two of the food, it would be fine. The head of the family also has to give the daughter and son-in-law a red envelope. Daughter and son-in-law only send firecrackers, usually a "gun car", a door on the release, telling everyone that the children back to the door to pay New Year's visit. Of course, all the New Year's Day people have to bring gifts of firecrackers. Therefore, the village, the New Year a few days are the sound of guns, laughter.
"Fried Gukou", is held on the morning of the third day. This lunch meal is all fried. The rice cake of the northern region is cut into small pieces and fried soft to eat only this day. "Fried grain mouth", take the meaning of hope for this year's grain harvest, six animals prosperous, people have enough food and clothing.