Dynasty: Yuan Dynasty
Author: Guan Hanqing
Original text:
Snow powder flowers, pear blossoms, smoke villages no longer. Scatter the map intensively and see the crows in the sparse forest. Huang Wei, shaded by Qingjiang River, prefers fishing.
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/kloc-In the 3rd century, the playwright on the opera stage in China was comparable to Shakespeare in the west and was regarded as Guan Hanqing. He has more than 60 zaju, including 70 pieces of Sanqu in Yolanda edited by Sui Shusen and others, including 57 pieces of Xiao Ling and 2 pieces of divertimento. When talking about Sanqu, Zheng Zhenduo said: "Guan Hanqing, a great poet, should be the first in the opening of Sanqu's history. In his style, no matter what he expresses in his poems or the number of copies, it is profound and delicate, shallow but not vulgar, deep but not gloomy, and it is precisely the works that appeal to both refined and popular tastes. " Based on this, Zhou Deqing promoted him to the top of the four great composers in the Yuan Dynasty in the preface to the phonology of the Central Plains. His poem "Winter Scene" is a work depicting scenery, in which we can feel the wisdom of all the people in the opera.
Song of Great Virtue is a new song he wrote in Yuan Chengzong. The sentence patterns of this piece of music are 335, 55, 75, seven sentences and seven rhymes. The title of the song "Winter Scenery" was added by Wang Jisi when I was waiting for "Selected Notes on Yuan Sanqu" to make the text clearer.
"Snow powder, dancing pears." Snow is like a sea of white flowers and colorful pears. The ancients often used pear flowers to describe snowflakes, such as "Bai Xuege Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu Guixiang": "It's like a spring breeze, and ten thousand pear flowers are blown away overnight." Li Yu's Casual Love: "Flowers are tolerant, and snow is the snow in the sky. This is the snow on the earth. " The author is full of love and writes the shape and expression of snowflakes. The word "dance" means that the north wind is blowing tightly. The author looks up at the sky, and snowflakes are flying all over the sky, leaving a broad space for writing specific scenery below.
"There will be no more than four or five smoke villages." When the north wind swept away, the snow powder was raised and the smoke filled the air, and the villages of four or five families were still faintly discernible. This statement has been around for a long time. "Four or five", the author did not specify, it can be seen that the smell of smoke is so big that it is difficult to identify clearly. Here, the author not only wrote the characteristics of winter, but also wrote the characteristics of evening.
"A dense collection of scattered pictures." "Comparable" is worthwhile. Snowflakes are falling so densely that it is worth describing. This sentence sums up the above two sentences, looking at the snow scene in Yancun from a distance, wrapped in silver. Write a close-up in the following three sentences.
"Look at the sparse forest, look at the noisy night cry." You see, the crow coming home in the evening makes a sound in the sparse Woods, and it is ready to roost. The word "look" causes the following problems. Sparse forest, sparse forest, sparse leaves and sparse trees, and winter scenery. "Noisy" means that there are many crows. The crow's cry caught the author's attention and aroused the author's infinite emotion. Because the forest is sparse, crows can be clearly seen. The author's choice of scenery color here is ingenious: on the white background, there are only sparse Woods, and then painted with black crows, which makes the scenery more eye-catching and attractive. Black is a cool color, and the crow's cry is very sad and desolate, which brings a sense of desolation to the whole picture.
"Yellow reeds are hidden under the Qingjiang River." "Qingjiang River" generally refers to a river, not a real river, which means the river is clear. Yellow reed flowers are reflected in the water, forming an orange ribbon, which brings a little warmth and joy to this desolate environment. Yellow is a warm color. The north wind is blowing, and the yellow reeds on the banks of the river are more dazzling and swaying against the white scenery of Qingjiang River.
"The fishing boat tilted." There is a fishing boat moored on the shore, enjoying the scenery of Qingjiang River alone. The author outlines the Qingyuan artistic conception of "crossing the wild without a boat" The boat moored on the shore, indicating that it was getting late and the fisherman had gone home, making the environment quieter. The author took a photo of "fishing", depicting the footprints of people's activities, adding vitality and charm to the desolate and quiet environment, and at the same time giving people expectation and hope: fishing by the river after snow expressed the author's yearning and praise for a leisurely and stable life.
Through the description of "winter scenery", the author of this poem shows the infinite sigh and sense of rise and fall of literati in Yuan Dynasty. Heavy snow is the weather feature of winter, winter is the end of the year, and snow is the return of rain. Although the author calls snow "pink flower" and "pear flower", it is built on a happy scene and full of the author's infinite bitterness. The bitterness of filming Noisy Nightcry and Fishing is beyond words. Crows in nature have been wandering for a day and are gathering back to their nests to prepare for a quiet night. As a fisherman, he has returned home, but the author silently accepts all this in the snowy Yuan Ye, with infinite sadness and infinite regret. This is not a disease-free groan of "worrying about adding new words", but has its profound life foundation and ideological accumulation. After the Yuan Dynasty unified the Central Plains, it implemented the policy of valuing martial arts over literature, which was completely opposite to that of the Song Dynasty. Scholars are in the position of "eight prostitutes, nine scholars and ten beggars" The imperial examination was interrupted for 80 years, which cut off the scholar's official career and undoubtedly pushed the scholar to the desperate situation of life. In order to survive, some literati have to travel to make a living and live a wandering life. Just as the author calls himself "prodigal son" and "prodigal head" in A Flower in Lu Nan, it is a summary of this kind of life. After years of wandering abroad, life is not peaceful. Naturally, I yearn for a leisurely and quiet life. When I saw the "night crow" returning to the nest and the "fishing fish" left by the fisherman, I naturally thought they were back. Why don't they come back? This cross-examination is an indictment of the brutal racial discrimination policy of the Yuan government, and it is also a lament for the blood and tears of a generation of literati. The author's creation of language and context, as Guan Moshi said in the preface to Spring and Snow: "Beauty is as good as its name, and people can't bear to swim."
Through the description of the rural scenery in the evening, this poem outlines the winter scenery full of the author's infinite feelings, and expresses the author's yearning for peace, leisure and stable life in twists and turns. The first four sentences of the poem describe the blurred scenery with heavy snow all over the sky, indicating that the fields are chaotic and inseparable, and the prospects are set off. At the same time, it reveals the admiration of the author, with an open realm and distinct levels. The last three sentences are carefully photographed: "Night Crying", "Yellow Deer" and "Fishing" are clear at a glance, and the levels are clear at the same time: shore, shore and water, from high to low, with distinct levels and bright colors. The first four sentences are hazy and the last three sentences are clear. The close cooperation between hazy vision and clear close-up makes the whole picture have distinct spatial layers, while the close-up is divided into three layers, which makes the picture rich in spatial layering and three-dimensional sense; There is western Western jackdaw in the white, which is desolate; Shaded by Huang Wei, the color is rich in texture and gives people warmth; The fishing boat is inclined, serene and quiet, giving people imagination. The whole picture gives people the feeling that it is cold but not bitter, light and tasteful, and it is a good work that appeals to both refined and popular tastes.